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The Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit process converts heavy vacuum gas oil into more valuable products in the presence of zeolite catalyst at 520 °C and 2.5 bar. The coke is burned off with air in the regenerator tower at 700 °C and 230 ton / h of flue gases are produced. The flue gases consist of CO2 (12.7% mole), N2 (66.2% mole), H2O (19.2% mole), O...
Citations
... and ε ε ε = i j ij (5) GCMC simulations were performed to calculate the isosteric heats of methane and CO 2 adsorption for MOFs at defined working temperatures. 116,117 The isosteric heat of adsorption is given by eq 6. ...
... Simultaneously, the heat-carrying capacity of steam can be enhanced, the direction of steam can be controlled, and the heat exchange process between steam and crude oil in the deep formation can be strengthened to improve the thermal recovery. Therefore, this flooding technology, which utilizes the synergistic effect of N 2 and CO 2 in the flue gas and steam, can be used as a replacement development method in the later stage of CSS and an independent development method to exploit low-and ultra-low-permeability reservoirs (Bardon et al., 1994;Sahin et al., 2012;Sisakht et al., 2020). Flue gas can increase the formation pressure, dissolve crude oil to expand, reduce the viscosity of heavy oil, reduce the interfacial tension, expand the swept volume, speed up drainage and oil recovery, and expand the heating range; thus, it is conductive to increasing crude oil production and oil layer recovery, reducing exhaust gas emissions, and benefitting environmental protection (Li et al., 2012). ...
Normally, the recovery effect of a heavy-oil reservoir gradually deteriorates after multiple rounds of cyclic steam stimulation (CSS). However, the injection of flue gas can effectively increase the utilization degree of steam heat energy, which improves the recovery effect. In this paper, an experimental method for CSS using an energy storage container was established. Based on this method, a one-dimensional core physical simulation experiment for CSS under different flue gas ratios was performed. During the experiment, the changes in temperature field, oil production rate, increase in backpressure, and oil recovery factors were tested. In addition, differences in these data under different injection steam-flue gas ratios were compared. The results show that the flue gas provides a channel of fluids in porous media for steam, which is conducive to the heat transfer of steam to the deeper part of the sandpack. The sandpack has a higher temperature in each cycle than the CSS. The core temperature of each round of flue-gas-assisted CSS is higher than that of the CSS. The final oil recovery factors of flue-gas-assisted CSS using different steam-flue gas ratios are 22.2, 26.7, 30.8, 24.4, and 21.6%, while that of CSS is only 17.2%. According to the experiment, it is concluded that the best steam-flue gas ratio to optimize the flue-gas-assisted CSS is 1:10. With the combined effect of three factors (the temperature field of the sandpack, energizing effect of the flue gas, and degree of oil during recovery), the flue-gas-assisted CSS using the steam-flue gas ratio of 1:10 maximizes the steam heat transfer, increases the energy of return discharge, replenishes formation energy, and improves the oil recovery factor. Through the experiment, the research results provide theoretical guidance for improving the effectiveness of the CSS of heavy-oil reservoirs.
