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Aspecto general de: A: Pannaria athroophylla. B: P. conoplea. C: P. euphylla. D: P. farinosa. E: P. hispidula. F: P. hookeri. Escalas: A-D, F = 2 cm; E= 3 cm.
Source publication
Background and aims: As part of long-term studies focused on the diversity of lichenized fungi in Argentina, a review of the genus Pannaria in the country is presented. This genus have never been studied in detail in our territory. M&M: The morphology, anatomy and chemistry of the species were studied through the review of fresh specimens collected...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... diferencia de otras especies con propágulos, como P. farinosa Elvebakk & J. Fritt-Rasm (sorediada) y P. pulverulacea Elvebakk (isidiada), por las esporas rodeadas por un perisporio halonado, con un apículo largo en cada extremo. Típicamente, esta especie no presenta protalo, pero en ocasiones las abundantes ricinas negras se extienden más allá del talo, semejando dicha estructura (Fig.1A). De hecho, anteriormente la especie fue descripta con protalo (Galloway, 1985), pero de acuerdo a nuestro criterio, no sería un protalo verdadero. ...
Context 2
... a la etiqueta), y solo contiene pannarina. Considerando la evidencia molecular, así como los análisis químicos realizados, se propone aquí a P. calophylla como un nuevo sinónimo de P. euphylla. Elvebakk & J. Fritt-Rasm., Lichenologist 39: 353. 2007. Tipo: Argentina, Tierra del Fuego, near Viamonte, 21-IV-1948, E.C. Migdalski 2 (FH, holotipo!). Fig. ...
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A critical review of 28 Lupinus species names that are dubious species is presented, due that some of them are known only by the holotype, and others have several nomenclatural problems by sharing the same collection data and collector number and belonging to different taxa. After an exhaustive review of type materials and representative specimens...
Citations
... The identification of the lichen species was conducted using specific literature, including Galloway [68][69][70], White and James [71], Stenroos [72], Wedin [73], Bjerke et al. [74,75], Calvelo et al. [76], Boluda et al. [33], and Passo et al. [77]. The material was observed under a stereomicroscope (Leica Wild M8) and a microscope (Nikon Eclipse 80i). ...
The community composition of epiphytic macrolichens from two tree species (Araucaria araucana and Nothofagus antarctica) was conducted in temperate forests in the Conguillío National Park, Chile. The composition of lichen biota is influenced by phorophyte species, bark pH, and microclimatic conditions. A total of 31 species of macrolichens were found on A. araucana and N. antarctica. Most of the species showed phorophyte preference, with nine being exclusive to A. araucana and 10 to N. antarctica. The detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) indicated the formation of three communities: one representing macrolichens growing on N. antarctica and two others growing chiefly on A. araucana, either with north or south exposure. More work is needed to study the lichen biota of the forests of the Chilean Andes, which are under multiple threats, including clearing and climate change. In order to counteract such risks to native forests and to the biodiversity of the associated epiphytic lichens, conservation plans should be established that consider the factors that influence the composition of the lichen community.
... The P. hookeri description was built according to Jørgensen (1978). Then, our description was compared with other available in the literature (Lindsay 1974;Redón 1985;Jørgensen 1986Jørgensen , 2007Øvstedal & Lewis Smith 2001;Kantvilas & Gueidan 2018;Passo et al. 2020), and the variable characters were highlighted in Table 2 and discussed here. The specimens were tested chemically by applying PD spot tests, and orange reactions were interpreted as indicating the presence of pannarin. ...
... Our description was based on 50 specimens from 13 countries, corroborating with the descriptions provided by Jørgensen (1978;2000a;2007), Kantvilas & Gueidan (2018) and Passo et al. (2020). Therefore, the large morphological variations reported for specimens from the Southern Hemisphere are potentially characters of different Psoroma species. ...
Pannaria hookeri (Borrer ex Sm.) Nyl. is reported as a bipolar cyanolichen that occurs in more than twenty countries in both Hemispheres. In the Northern Hemisphere, a minor variation is attributed to the species, whereas larger morphological and chemical variations have been reported in specimens from the Southern Hemisphere. Six P. hookeri DNA sequences are available in GenBank, and only one (from Australia) is associated with a published morphological description. In this study, we performed a preliminary phylogenetic analysis including seven nuITS and mtSSU sequences from eight specimens collected in south Argentina. In addition, we provide an update of the taxon circumscription based on 50 specimens from 13 countries. Here, the molecular analyses revealed a well-supported monophyletic group formed by the P. hookeri sequences from Argentina, Australia, Norway and USA (Alaska). Regarding the morphological and anatomical characteristics, the Southern Hemisphere specimens did not present the historical reported variations, resulting in the proposition of a concise species description that accomplishes most of P. hookeri known geographical distribution.
Keywords:
species circumscription; cyanolichen; lichenized fungi; nuITS; taxonomy; Tierra del Fuego
We evaluated the taxonomic status of specimens representing two listed rare species of Pannaria in the Pacific Northwest, P. rubiginosa and P. rubiginella, based on DNA sequences of recently collected samples. We combined those data with new sequences for other Pannaria species in North America and South America as well as all available sequences from the P. rubiginosa and P. lurida groups plus closely related P. hookeri, based on results from initial analyses. Historically, P. rubiginosa and P. rubiginella have been separated in the Pacific Northwest based on the paraphenylenediamine (P) reaction of the cortex versus the medulla. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on ITS sequences demonstrated that both chemotypes belong to a single well-supported clade, and that it belongs to neither P. rubiginosa nor P. rubiginella. Instead, the Pacific Northwest material appears to belong to an undescribed species very similar morphologically to P. rubiginosa, but genetically and geographically distinct from that species and with smaller spores. We describe this new species as Pannaria oregonensis, assigning all of the material from the Pacific Northwest to this taxon, regardless of the location of the P+ reaction. This conclusion is supported by phylogenetic analysis of co-occurring populations of different chemotypes. We recommend removing P. rubiginella from the North American checklist. We also provide a revised key to the North American species of Pannaria, based on our current understanding. Furthermore, based on new sampling of Pannaria species from North and South America, we show a need for revision of the isidiate species of Pannaria, in particular P. tavaresii in the broad sense.
Evolutionary biogeography identifies areas of endemism and establishes their relationships with other areas, providing the information required to develop a hierarchical system of natural regionalization. The closely related geological and biological evolution of the planet is manifested in the existence of endemic biotas, as result of geographical and ecological barriers. The current challenge of evolutionary biogeography is to document the existence of biotas representing the evolutionary structure of ecosystems and their functionality, that could contribute to the establishment of conservation priorities. In this contribution, the fundamental characteristics of the biogeographic units of Argentina are described, and the respective maps are provided, as a general reference system for ecological, evolutionary and biogeographic studies, and in education and decision-making regarding conservation and sustainable use. For each biogeographic unit, we present its valid name and synonyms, its geographic location, distinctive characteristics, dominant landscape and vegetation types and its endemic species. Also, the typical landscapes and some endemic or characteristic species of each biogeographical unit are illustrated. Their biotic relationships, geobiotic evolution and regionalization to the district category are also discussed. In the scheme presented herein 16 provinces are recognized in the country, which in turn are grouped in the Neotropical region (Yungas, Parana, Araucaria Forest, Esteros del Iberá, Chaco and Pampean provinces), South American Transition Zone (Puna, Cuyan High Andean, Monte and Comechingones provinces) and Andean region (Patagonian, Maule, Valdivian Forest, Magellanic Forest, Falkland (Malvinas) Islands and Magellanic Moorland provinces). The Yungas province has three districts: Transition Forests, Montane Jungles, and Montane Forests. The Parana province includes the Campos and Mixed Forests districts. The Esteros del Iberá province stat. nov. includes three districts: Delta of Paraná stat. rev., Uruguay River stat. nov. and Paraná Flooded Savannas stat. nov. The Chaco province includes the Eastern Chacoan, Montane Chacoan stat. rev. and Western Chacoan districts. In the Pampean province five districts are recognized: Austral Pampean, Eastern Pampean, Espinal, Western Pampean and Uruguayan. In the Argentinean part of the Puna province the Jujuyan district is recognized. In the Cuyan High Andean province three districts are identified: Diaguita nom. nov., Cuyan ubic. nov. and Huarpe nom. nov. The Monte province includes four districts: Prepuna, Northern, Eremean and Southern. In the Patagonian province we recognize five subprovinces: Central Patagonian (Chubut and Santa Cruz districts), Fuegian, Payunia (Northern and Southern Payunia districts), Subandean (Meridional Subandean Patagonia, Austral High Andean, and Septentrional Subandean Patagonia districts) and Western Patagonian. In the Argentinean sector of the Maule province is present the Pehuén district. The Valdivian Forest province is represented by the Valdivian district. The Falkland (Malvinas) Islands province has two districts: Falkland Islands and South Georgia Islands.
