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Árvore filogenética retangular baseada nos fragmentos parciais das sequências de nucleotídeos do gene 5'NCR de membros do gênero Pestivirus. Amostra PB22487/12 está destacada com um símbolo (@BULLET).
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The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and anatomopathological aspects, and the viral identification of a case of 'Hobi'-like (BVDV-3) vírus infection in cattle from the semiarid of Paraiba State, Northeastern Brazil. A female bovine, three months old, was sent to the UFCG's Veterinary Hospital presenting salivation, difficulty of ceili...
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Background:
Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is the member of the genus Pestivirus within the Flaviviridae family and responsible for severe economic losses in the cattle industry. BVDV can employ 'infect-and-persist' strategy and 'hit-and-run' strategy to remain associated with hosts and thus contributes to BVDV circulation in cattle herds. BV...
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Citations
... Since the early 2000s, several studies have demonstrated the presence of HoBiPeV in biological samples from beef and dairy cattle herds from different geographic regions of Brazil, indicating that this virus may be endemic in this country (6,13,15,(22)(23)(24)(25)(26). ...
... HoBi-like pestivirus (HoBiPeV) was first identified in Italy in 2004 from a batch of bovine fetal serum from Brazil (strain D32/00_Hobi) (2). HoBiPeV has been identified in fragments of different organs of cattle with and without clinical signs (12,21,22,24,25). This study represents the first detection of HoBiPeV causing neurological symptoms. ...
... On the other hand, this report demonstrated positive immunoreactivity for antigens of BVDV in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and spinal cord, confirming the association of neuropathological lesions with a viral infection. Additionally, Marques et al. (24) confirmed the presence of HoBiPeV in the analysis of skin biopsies and ear notches by IHC using the same anti-BVDV #15c-5 antibody applied in this study. ...
HoBi-like pestivirus (HoBiPeV) has been reported in several biological samples from cattle worldwide, but there are no descriptions of this virus associated with neurological symptoms. This report described the first occurrence of neurological disease associated with HoBiPeV in a newborn dairy calf. A mixed-breed Holstein calf had severe neurological symptoms at birth and died at 21 days old. The tissue fragments (central nervous system (CNS), myocardium, liver, kidney, lung, intestine, and spleen) were submitted to reverse transcription (RT)–PCR assay for the partial 5'-untranslated region (5'UTR) and N-terminal autoprotease (Npro) gene of the pestivirus genome, and the CNS tissue fragments were submitted to histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation. The RT–PCR assay indicated that the kidney, CNS, and intestinal tissue fragments were positive for the pestivirus 5'UTR, and the CNS and intestinal tissue fragments were positive for the pestivirus Npro gene. Amplicons with high DNA quantification in the 5'UTR (CNS—cerebral cortex) and Npro (CNS—cerebral cortex and intestine) RT–PCR assays were sequenced. The nucleotide (nt) sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the 5'UTR strain exhibited 93.6 to 99.4%, 85%, 89.4 to 89.9%, 85.1%, and 90.5 to 91.5% nt identity with HoBiPeV strains from clades a, b, c, d, and e, respectively. The Npro amplicons showed 99.7% nt identity to each other and 90.4 to 96.5%, 85.1 to 85.3%, 79.2 to 79.7%, and 85.8 to 86.5% nt identity with HoBiPeV strains from clades a, c, d, and e, respectively. A histopathology revealed neuronal necrosis at the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem. An immunohistochemical assay designed to identify antigens of bovine viral diarrhea virus revealed positive intracytoplasmic immunoreactivity within neurons at the cerebral cortex, cerebrum, cerebellum, and spinal cord. Thus, this report provides information about the first identification of HoBiPeV in tissues of the CNS in a newborn dairy calf with neurological symptoms.
... T detected in Asian, European and South American cattle herds, including Brazil (Liu et al., 2009a;Decaro et al., 2012aDecaro et al., , 2013aBauermann et al., 2014;Decaro et al., 2014Decaro et al., , 2015Decaro et al., , 2016Marques et al., 2016;Weber et al., 2016;Cortez et al., 2017;Cruz et al., 2018). In Europe and Asia, HoBi-like pestiviruses have been associated with respiratory disease in cattle following either natural or experimental infections, and has also been shown to affect small ruminants (Decaro et al., 2012b(Decaro et al., , 2015Shi et al., 2016). ...
... HoBi-like infections associated with respiratory disease have already been reported in Italy and China, in natural and experimental conditions (Decaro et al., 2012b(Decaro et al., , 2015Shi et al., 2016), nonetheless it is the first study that approached also the presence of other respiratory viruses. In Brazil, HoBi-like had been reported mainly in cattle herds with reproductive disorders, detected in serum and tissue samples of persistently infected calves and in animals presenting clinical signs of mucosal disease, in the Northeast and Central West regions (Marques et al., 2016;Weber et al., 2016;Cruz et al., 2018), and also in an animal with gastroenteric disease of the Southeast region (Cortez et al., 2017). Thus, this study brings relevant new information about the HoBi-like epidemiology in cattle herds of Brazil. ...
HoBi-like is an emerging pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae detected in cattle herds and biological products of bovine origin in many parts of the world, causing disease similar to that observed in bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections. In this study we reported the detection of HoBi-like pestivirus in an outbreak of respiratory disease in calves from Brazil, seropositive for viruses of the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC). Thus, serum samples and nasal swabs were collected from calves up to one year old, presenting or not clinical signs of respiratory disease. Serum samples were submitted to virus neutralization test (VNT) for BVDV-1, BVDV-2, bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and bovine parainfluenza-3 (BPIV-3). These samples were also tested for the presence of pestiviruses (BVDV-1, BVDV-2 and HoBi-like) and BoHV-1 by RT-PCR and PCR, respectively. Nasal swabs were analyzed by RT-PCR for pestiviruses, BRSV and BPIV-3. VNT results showed high serological prevalence and a wide range of antibodies titers, for all viruses studied, in calves of different age groups. The RT-PCR amplified the 5'UTR and E2 regions of pestiviruses of four calves, from both nasal swabs and serum samples, which sequencing identified the HoBi-like pestivirus. This is the first detection of HoBi-like in nasal secretions of calves in an outbreak of respiratory disease in Brazil, along with the serological detection of other respiratory viruses. We concluded that HoBi-like pestivirus should be considered as part of the BRDC, as a differential diagnosis, to take correct measures of control and prophylaxis.
... BVDV has tropism for epithelia of both the alimentary and integumentary systems, and an analysis of skin lesions caused by this virus in two outbreaks affecting calves revealed that the most striking microscopic lesions are characterized by severe hyperparakeratosis associated with necrosis of isolated or grouped cells at the epidermis [14]. Similar histopathological lesions characterized by ballooning degeneration and individual cell necrosis affecting keratinocytes of the upper alimentary system have been described previously in association with BVDV infection [14,22], suggesting that cp-BVDV replication causes direct cellular damage [23]. MD pathogenesis is related to an intrinsic apoptotic pathway of epithelial cells, associated with major expression of active caspase-3 and caspase-9, but this expression has not been observed in non-MD PI cases [18]. ...
... MD is characterized mainly by erosions and ulcers in the epithelium of oral and nasal cavities, esophagus, forestomachs, and small intestine mucosa overlying Peyer's patches [8]. The gross, microscopic, and immunohistochemical findings obtained in this study revealed a limited lesion distribution, mainly restricted to the upper alimentary system, mucosa, and skin, whereas other studies showed no intestinal lesions [12,13,22,26], which might be related to the short clinical course of the cases described. Additionally, clinical and pathological lesions associated with BVDV might vary according to the herd immunity, vaccination, regional location, and direct contact with other herds, whereas the genotypes and subgenotypes are not related to distinct clinical courses [27]. ...
Dermatitis might occur in mucosal disease (MD) caused by bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). This study describes the pathological and virological features of skin lesions associated with BVDV infection in four persistently infected (PI) cattle. Skin samples were reprocessed for histopathology and IHC. BVDV isolates were obtained and were genetically characterized. In addition to upper alimentary system ulcerative lesions, all cattle (one outbreak and three individual cases) presented focal crusty and ulcerative lesions affecting the mucocutaneous and skin-horn junctions, interdigital clefts, pastern, and areas surrounding the dewclaws and diffuse thickened skin within 7–20 days of infection. Microscopic analysis revealed parakeratotic hyperkeratosis and single-cell keratinocyte death, accompanied by ballooning degeneration and spongiosis in the epidermis, as well as intraepithelial and subcorneal pustules. IHC showed BVDV antigen in the cytoplasm of keratinocytes undergoing individual cell death. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolates from cattle #1, #2, and #4 belonged to BVDV-1a, whereas that from cattle #3 belonged to BVDV-1d. Cytopathic BVDV was isolated from cattle #2 and #3 (MD), and non-cytopathic BVDV was isolated from cattle #1 and #4. Thus, BVDV infection might cause acute disease, characterized by skin and upper alimentary system ulcerative lesions, in both MD and PI cattle.
The pestiviruses bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1), 2 (BVDV-2), and HoBi-like (HoBiPeV) are endemic among Brazilian cattle, the world's largest commercial bovine herd. In the last two decades (1998–2018) over 300 bovine pestiviruses have been partially or fully sequenced in Brazil, including viruses from different regions, different epidemiological backgrounds, and associated with diverse clinical presentations. Phylogenetic analysis of these viruses demonstrated a predominance of BVDV-1 (54.4%), with subgenotypes −1a (33.9% of total) and −1b (16.3%) being more frequent and subgenotypes −1d, −1e, and −1i at very low frequencies. The overall BVDV-2 frequency was 25.7% but it varied largely by region, reaching up to 48% in Southern states. BVDV-2b was the predominant subgenotype (84.8% of BVDV-2), followed by BVDV-2a (8.86%). HoBiPeV accounted for 19.9% (61/307) of the genotyped viruses and were detected at high frequency in cattle from Northeastern states. These findings demonstrate a unique mix of pestivirus species and subgenotypes, unlike that seen in Europe or North America. The design of effective diagnostic tools, vaccines, and control programs for limiting bovine pestivirus infections in Brazil must take into consideration this unique mix of viruses. This article provides a critical review of two decades of genetic identification of pestiviruses in Brazil.
