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This communication reports arsenic contamination of sediments in parts of Chhattisgarh. It also investigates the nature of arsenic contamination and the conditions which may favour its release from this matrix. The contaminated sediment serves as a long-time source of arsenic because As mobility and transport in the environment are strongly influen...
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... The results of sequential extraction illustrate that the highest amount of solid-phase As in almost all fluvial sediment is found in the residual fraction (80.3%), followed by FeeMn oxides phase (11.01%). According to past research (Liu et al., 2009;Pandey et al., 2004;Purushothaman & Chakrapani, 2007), residual and FeeMn oxides phases represent geogenic influence, therefore absorbed As brought from catchment areas of Himalayan mountains could be a significant source of As in the Indus River and its major tributaries. ...
... Nandgaon Bijli Rhyolite is dominating geology in the study area than the Dongargarh granite and other groups. Pandey et al. (2002Pandey et al. ( , 2004Pandey et al. ( , 2006 found the Lower-Middle Proterozoic age in the area, Dongargarh granite, Nandgaon Pitepani, and Nandgaon Bijli Rhyolite reflected Palaeo Proterozoic age while the Bailadila group was Archaean-Palaeo Proterozoic age. The Nandgaon group comprises with lower Bijli Rhyolite and Pipepani intrusive volcanic and Bailadila group is having phyllitic shales and haematite quartzites. ...
The current study was focused on hydrogeochemistry of Ambagarh chowki groundwater. The main aim of the study was to evaluate the water quality for drinking and irrigation uses, hydrogeochemistry of groundwater. For this purpose, various physicochemical parameters like pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total hardness (TH), chloride (Cl⁻), fluoride (F⁻), calcium (Ca²⁺), magnesium (Mg²⁺), sodium (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), bicarbonate (HCO3⁻), and sulfate (SO4²⁻) were analyzed. The major dominating ions in groundwater was found as cation Ca²⁺ > Mg²⁺ > Na⁺ > K⁺ and as anions in order of HCO3⁻ > Cl⁻ > SO4²⁻ > F⁻. The pH of sampled groundwater was ranged from neutral to alkaline in nature (7.0–8.8). Among, all-analyzed parameters in groundwater were safe for drinking purpose except few ions and bicarbonate content was also exceeding the permissible limit which was not suitable for drinking purpose. The potential health hazard element fluoride was varied from 0.1 to 2.2 mg/l and positively associated with the pH, Na⁺, and HCO3⁻ content in groundwater. The drinking water quality index (WQI) was fluctuated between 12.22 and 185.56 and reported that most of the groundwater was suitable for drinking purpose except only one sample was unsuitable for drinking. Irrigation water quality assessment of the area was performed by evaluating as sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), permeability index (PI), Kelly ratio (KR), magnesium hazard ratio (MHR), percent sodium (%Na), potential salinity (PS), and residual sodium carbonate (RSC). Whereas most of the groundwater were good and suitable for irrigation use excluding PI (3.70%), MHR (40.74%), RSC (22.22%) and PS (7.41%) were unsuitable for continuous irrigation. Hydrogeochemistry of groundwater evaluated with correlation, Piper, Gibbs, and other geochemical analysis. The Piper trilinear diagram reflects the Ca (Mg)-HCO3⁻ type water was mainly contributed approximately 90% of entire sampled groundwater. The different ions in groundwater were originated from the rock water interaction through silicate and carbonate weathering of minerals.
... One of the most crucial properties of heavy metals is that they are not biodegradable in the environment. In marine ecosystems, sediments show a great capacity to accumulate and integrate heavy metals and organic pollutants even from low concentrations in the overlying water column [3] [4] [5] [6] and so it acts as the main sink for metals [7] [8] and other pollutants [9]. Although most pollutants adsorbed on the sediments are not bioavailable, certain mechanisms may induce the release of pollutants back to the water column including sediment resuspension, desorption, redox reactions or (bio-)degradation of the sorptive substance [10] [11] [12] [14] [15] that can have toxic adverse effects on living organisms [16] [17] [18]. ...
... This is also in accordance with the highest concentrations that were recorded in water samples at these sites; although these concentrations were relatively low, it is important to note an increase in this element in the water column. As levels found in this study (0.6-6.2 mg/kg) are significantly lower than those reported in locations classified as highly contaminated for this element (ranging from 8 to 209 mg/kg), the sources of which were determined both as natural and industrial (Pandey et al. 2004). Natural sources of arsenic contamination include sulfide minerals, which are rich in this element, and volcanic rocks from hydrothermal ore deposits (Welch et al. 1988). ...
Lerma River is one of the largest rivers in Mexico. Over the past 20 years, unplanned population growth occurred along its course and the river has been used as the only outlet for industrial and domestic wastewater disposal. The aim of the present study was to determine trace metals such as Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Fe, Pb, and arsenic concentrations at the upper layer of sediments of the Lerma River meander in La Piedad, Michoacan, Mexico. Sediment samples were collected from eight different sites during the rainy and dry seasons. All samples were physically characterized, and concentration values of trace metals and As were determined. On the basis of protection criteria for freshwater sediments, concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Pb were found to exceed the lowest effect level; moreover, the concentrations were found to exceed the severe effect level at some sites, particularly for Cu. Statistical analyses showed significant differences between sampling seasons for Fe and As, and among sites for Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb. In addition, the enrichment factor indicates the following order Zn > Cr > Cu > Ni > Pb > As, and the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) indicates contamination in the following order Zn > Cr > Cu > Ni > As > Pb. The Lerma River meander in La Piedad shows a reduction in pollution by trace metals and arsenic near the drain area and downstream of the meander. However, there are significantly higher concentrations of these elements in sediments of sites located in the middle part of the city.
... Since these activities, and very low depletion are mainly characterized by plant uptake, methylation, leaching or erosion, As may accumulate rapidly in the soil environment and also act as a sink in Ascontaminated belts of alluvial plains (Sanyal and Nasar, 2002). Another reason may be the tendency of As to mobilize in the environment strongly, a phenomenon influenced by its association with the solid phase in sediments and soils (Brammer, 2009;Pandey et al., 2004;Winkel et al., 2008). Association of an elevated As in agricultural soils and the tubewell water used for irrigation for a long time have been confirmed by various studies from Bangladesh (Ahsan et al., 2009;Brammer and Ravenscroft, 2009;Karim et al., 2008;Meharg and Rahman, 2003), Nepal (Dahal et al., 2008), West Bengal (Roychowdhury et al., 2005) and middle Gangetic plain (Srivastava and Sharma, 2013). ...
Concentrations of inorganic forms [arsenite, As(III) and arsenate, As(V) of arsenic (As) present in groundwater, agricultural soils and subsurface sediments located in the middle Gangetic plain of Bihar, India were determined. Approximately 73% of the groundwater samples (n=19) show As(III) as the dominant species while 27% reveals As(V) was the dominant species. The concentration of As(III) in agricultural soil samples varies from not detectable to 40μg/kg and As(V) was observed as the major species (ranging from 1050 to 6835μg/kg) while the total As concentration varied from 3528 to 14,690μg/kg. Total extracted concentration of As was higher in the subsurface sediments (range 9119-20,056μg/kg in Methrapur and 4788-19,681μg/kg in Harail Chapar) than the agricultural soil, indicating the subsurface sediment as a source of As. Results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) revealed the presence of hematite and goethite throughout the vertical section below while magnetite was observed only in the upper oxidized layer at Methrapur and Harail Chapar. Alteration of Fe-oxides and presence of fibrous goethite indicating presence of diagenetic sediment. Siderite plays a crucial role as sinks to the As in subsurface sediments. The study also concluded that decomposition of organic matter present in dark and grey sections promote the redox conditions and trigger mobilization of As into groundwater.
... However, there was no significant variation in As levels between fractions. The mean value for total As in the sediment was between 11.3 and 55.8 mg kg À 1 (Mandal and Suzuki, 2002;Pandey et al., 2004). These results are higher than the threshold effects level (7.2 mg kg À 1 ), but lower than the probableeffects level (42.0 mg kg À 1 ), according to the Interim sediment quality assessment values (1994) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (1998). ...
Clay minerals in surface sediments can affect the adsorption of heavy metals. However, few historical studies have focused on the influence of fine clay mineral characteristics on metal sorption. Since the reactions between heavy metals and fine clay minerals in sediments remain obscure, this study investigates the influence of fine clay mineral characteristics on metal sorption in a typical urbanizing small watershed. Clay minerals, including nanoparticles with various size fractions ranging from 1000-2000 (clay), 450-1000 (fine clay), and 220-450 (very fine clay) nm were used to demonstrate their transformation from well crystalline to poorly crystalline. The nanoparticles were collected and evaluated by determination of their surface area, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chemical analyses. The relationship between metal content and properties of the surface sediments was also revealed by canonical correlation analysis. With smaller particle sizes, nanoparticles (very fine clay) were observed to be poorly crystalline, possibly indicating few repetitions of unit cells as a result of preferential structural disruption of other crystal planes caused by pressure-induced phase transition in the fine-size fractions. The first canonical matrix (M) variables of metal contents can be predicted by both surface area and pore volume, followed by kaolinite and illite contents. On the other hand, the category of metal, i.e., Cu, Cr, Zn, or Pb, was significantly correlated with the first ‘M’ canonical variables. The data obtained in the present study are of fundamental significance in advancing our understanding of the reactions between heavy metals and fine clay minerals in the terrestrial ecosystem.
... A direct result of this contamination has been noted in the form of lower fish productivity in Shivnath river. The nearby Bagdai river also shares similar contamination characteristics with As concentration of 100 µg L −1 (Pandey, 2004). ...
The problem of safe drinking water is one of the major challenges faced by the human population.
With the growth of human population to around seven billion, an estimated 780 million persons
(WHO/UNICEF, 2012) do not have access to clean drinking water, while 2.6 billion persons – half
the developing world, have no access to water for sanitation purposes. As an increasing number
of surface fresh water sources either dry up or are heavily polluted, communities are exploiting
the groundwater reserves to meet their water demands. Groundwaters have relatively limited or
no harmful microbial content, and are rich in minerals, and, therefore, they are regarded as the
safest option for natural fresh water.
However, especially in developing regions, increasing dependence on groundwater sources
has led to its overexploitation and even to accessing contaminated shallow aquifers. Since the
last four decades, groundwater contaminations have emerged as a serious health threat to the
consumers of such contaminated water.
https://www.crcpress.com/Innovative-Materials-and-Methods-for-Water-Treatment-Solutions-for-Arsenic/Bryjak-Kabay-Rivas-Bundschuh/9781138027497
Citation Information
Innovative Materials and Methods for Water Treatment
Solutions for Arsenic and Chromium Removal
Edited by Marek Bryjak , Nalan Kabay , Bernabe L . Rivas , and Jochen Bundschuh
CRC Press 2016
Pages 15–34
Print ISBN: 978-1-138-02749-7
eBook ISBN: 978-1-315-68260-0
... Arsenic contaminated ground water or arsenic rich incoming effluent was identified as the source of contamination to the above mentioned inland freshwater ecosystems of Pakisthan (Arain et al. 2008). Incidentally, Pandey et al. (2004) Frequent use of pond water in the affected areas of rural Bengal may lead to various adverse situations due to the present level of contamination. One such is -use of pond water as drinking water for domestic animals and poultry birds. ...
... 68.0 ± 8.4 mg kg -1 ). In some of the studied ponds of this area arsenic content was found up to 167 mg kg -1 (Pandey et al. 2004) or even more 19-489 mg kg -1 (Patel et al. 2005 A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t ...
The study aimed to examine the contamination status of Arsenic (As) in land excavated small water bodies, commonly known as ponds – the integral part of daily life in the arsenic
affected rural areas of West Bengal, India in comparison to the unaffected areas. The ponds of contaminated area retained higher amounts of As: water 2 – 174 µg L-1 (mean 31 ± 2 µg L 1) and sediment 1.3 – 37.3 mg kg-1 (mean 10.3 ± 0.4 mg kg-1), than unaffected area: water 1 – 8 µg L-1 (mean 4 ± 0 µg L-1) and sediment 1.4 – 5.3 mg kg-1 (mean 3.0 ± 0.1 mg kg-1). A moderate positive correlation was observed between water and sediment arsenic content of the ponds of arsenic affected region (r = 0.688, n = 277, p < 0.0001). Contaminated ground water, either as direct input or through agricultural washings, was found to be the major contributor of arsenic pollution to these ecosystems. Seasonal variations were not prominent. The present study emphasized the beneficial role of using the studied ecosystems over the highly contaminated ground water for various livelihood activities in the Gangetic delta region.
... The highest As content occurs at 20-30 cm depth and the lowest at 0-10 cm depth. The mean value for the total As in the sediment is between 11.3 and 55.8 mg kg −1 (Mandal and Suzuki 2002;Pandey et al. 2004). These results for the total As level in sediment are higher than the threshold effects level (7.2 mg kg −1 ), but lower than the probable effects level (42.0 mg kg −1 ), in accordance with the Interim sediment quality assessment values (1994) and US EPA (1998). ...
Studies of heavy metal contamination and ecological risk in estuaries are an important emerging area of environmental science. However, there have been few detailed studies of heavy metal contamination that concern the spatial variation of heavy metal levels in water, sediment, and oyster tissue. Because of the effective uptake of heavy metals, cultured oysters are a cheap and effective subject for study. This study, conducts an experiment in the Er-Ren river to examine the biological uptake of heavy metals in farmed, cultured oysters. The distribution of copper, zinc, lead, cadmium, and arsenic concentrations in water, sediment, and oysters from the Er-Ren river is also evaluated. By sequential extraction of the sediments, the following order of mobilities is found for heavy metals Pb > Cd > As > Zn > Cu. The highest percentages of heavy metals are found in the residual phase. The mean uptake rates for young oysters are 7.24 mg kg(-1) day(-1) for Cu and 94.52 mg kg(-1) day(-1) for Zn, but that for adult oyster is 10.79 mg kg(-1) day(-1) for Cu and 137.24 mg kg(-1) day(-1) for Zn. With good policies and management, the establishment of cultured oyster frames in these contaminated tributaries and near shore environments is a potential method for removing Cu and Zn and protecting the coast.
... Foundation work for SEP was provided by Tessier in the late 70s (Tessier et al., 1979). A modified sequential extraction (Ko et al., 2003;Pandey et al., 2004;Van Herreweghe et al., 2003) was used. The chemical fractionation procedure is included in Table 2. Three sets of samples were prepared for sequential extraction: 1) CCA-treated wood waste samples untreated and treated with PFL and Terra-Bond™; 2) La Trinidad mine tailings untreated and treated with PFL and Terra-Bond™; and 3) Montana soil untreated and treated with PFL and Terra-Bond™. ...
... Each sample was analyzed for its moisture content, compressive strength, particle size, and bulk density. The treated Table 2 Modified sequential extraction procedure for arsenic-bearing solid phases (Ko et al., 2003;Pandey et al., 2004;Van Herreweghe et al., 2003). samples were analyzed to determine only their arsenic content. ...
This work reports the results of an investigation on the treatment and encapsulation of arsenic-containing materials by Portland cement with ferrous sulfate and lime (PFL) and Terra-Bond™, a commercially available patented technology. The arsenic materials included: chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood materials; scorodite-rich mine tailings from the La Trinidad Mine in California; and a soil/smelter dust mixture from the Anaconda Superfund site spiked with monosodium methyl arsenate (MSMA) to simulate an organoarsenic soil material. SEM/EDS and XRD spectra of PFL treated samples showed similarity across all three waste materials while Terra-Bond treated samples showed predominance of elemental sulfur. SEM/EDS of PFL treated samples showed that calcium was imbedded in the structure while micrographs of Terra-Bond treated samples showed the appearance of an epoxy material on the surface. The epoxy material appears to be responsible for encapsulating and reducing the leachability of arsenic. XANES spectra for the PFL treatment of CCA-containing samples showed that arsenic has a predominant pentavalent form (As +5), and the PFL treatment process did not alter the arsenic oxidation state. But, distinct differences were observed for XANES spectra of untreated and PFL treated scorodite-rich mine tailing which changed the arsenic coordination structure from a mixture of As (+3/+5) to exclusively As (+5). Both S/S techniques reduced the amount of arsenic released in the leaching tests. Most cases show lower amounts of arsenic released from wastes treated by the Terra-Bond™ technique when compared to the PFL technique. The pH of the solution significantly affected the leachability, with the amount of arsenic released increasing with pH. Sequential extraction results indicate that sodium hydroxide was favorable in releasing arsenic in the mine tailings. This is due to ligand displacement reactions of hydroxyl ions with arsenic species and high pH conditions that prevent the readsorption of arsenic.
