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Oral myiasis is a rare condition in humans and is associated with poor oral hygiene, severe halitosis, mouth breathing during sleep, mental handicap, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, anterior open bite, incompetent lips, and other conditions. In this report, a 14 year-old boy who had an orofacial trauma in the maxillary dentoalveolar region,which was negl...
Citations
... La miasis ha sido definida por Austen de la siguiente manera: "Como la presencia de larvas en diversos órganos y tejidos, y los trastornos o destrucción de tejido causado por ello, siendo ampliamente conocido como Miasis (4)." La miasis fue acuñada por primera vez por Hope en 1840 y la miasis oral fue descrita por primera vez por Lawrence en 1909 (5,6). La distribución epidemiológica de miasis en humanos ha sido descrita en todo el mundo, con mayor frecuencia en estratos socioeconómicos pobres, principalmente en regiones tropicales y subtropicales. ...
... 2 Incompetent lips, poor oral hygiene, anterior open bite, nocturnal mouth breathing, extraction wounds, facial trauma, and ulcer-like lesions are all risk factors for the development of oral myiasis. 3 Due to its ease of access, the anterior part of the maxilla is the most commonly affected site, where substantial tissue loss can be detected, beginning with tiny ulcers holding living larvae. The presence of live larvae is a defining factor in the diagnosis of myiasis. ...
Myiasis" is a term used to represent invasion caused by fly larvae that affect organs and tissues of human beings and feeds on the host tissue. It is a rare and non-specific pathology that varies according to the species of fly larvae and the area of the body involved. Various factors like extraction wounds, uncontrolled diabetes, necrotic tissues, alcohol addiction, poor oral hygiene, immunocompromised conditions and people with special care needs like debilitated or mentally challenged individuals predispose to develop myiasis. We hereby report a case of oral myiasis of the maxillary anterior region of the palate and labial mucosa, in a 16-year-old female patient with special care needs who for her daily activities is dependent. The diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of pulsating larvae in the lesion and was managed by conservative suffocation therapy involving the turpentine oil topical application followed by the mechanical removal of larvae along with surgical debridement and post-operative antibiotics.
... Oral myiasis is a rare manifestation of the disease since the oral cavity is not an appropriate body part for egg-laying. The predisposing factors can be local or systemic; local factors include incompetent lips, poor oral hygiene, halitosis, dental diseases, nocturnal mouth breathing, facial trauma, ulcer like lesions and oral carcinoma (2). Systemic factors can be summarized as cognitive difficulties, dementia, cerebral palsy, diabetes, alcohol consumption and poor hygiene (3). ...
Myiasis is the infestation of tissues with living larvae. Oral myiasis is an extremely rare form of the disease, with open mouth,
unconsciousness, and poor oral hygiene being the predisposing factors. It is generally observed in the tropics or subtropics, as well
as rural places with low socio-economic income. Mechanical removal and ivermectin are frequently used as treatments. Herein, we
present a case of oral myiasis in a 69-year-old male intubated patient with myocardial infarction. Multiple larvae were observed in
the mouth and mechanically removed. With the microscopic investigation, the larvae were identified as Phormia regina (Meigen)
(Diptera: Calliphoridae), which is extremely rare globally. For preventing oral myiasis, good patient care, good sanitary practice for
oral health, efficient treatment of dental diseases, and fly population control, usage of masks for the risk groups are recommended.
... Furthermore, larvae are photophobic; therefore, they tend to hide deep in the tissues, which ensures an appropriate niche for their development. 26 Uncovered parts of the body are the most affected, such as ears, eyes, legs, and scalp, and oral involvement is unusual. 24 Of the cavitary myiases, OM is possibly the most frequent and is located mainly in the upper gingival region (22%). ...
... 30 OM is a rare condition, with higher prevalence in patients with need of special care, such as those with mental and physical alterations, neurodegenerative disorders, cerebral palsy, and chronic neurologic deficit is the most frequent comorbidity. 31 These conditions are also associated with multiple predisposing factors, such as poor oral hygiene, lip incompetence, halitosis, mouth breathing during sleep, diabetes, ulcerative and necrotic oral lesions, orofacial trauma with wounds exposed to the environment, hypersalivation, etc. 25,26,32 Primary OM is caused by larvae that feed on living tissue, which is common in cattle but rare in humans. Secondary OM is caused by larvae that secondarily parasitize necrotic ulcers. ...
... The term myiasis is derived from the Greek words ''myia,'' which means fly and ''iasis,'' which means disease. This term was first proposed by Hope in 1840 (1) and oral myiasis was first defined by Laurence in 1909 (2,3). The clinical menifastations of myiasis depend on the fly species, the invasion level and stage of the larvae and the infestation area. ...
... Myiasis most often occurs in the skin wounds, nose, eyes, sinuses, ears, and vagina. Occasionally, it can be observed seen in the mouth (2,4,5). Sarcophaga sp. is a member of the Sarcophagidae family and a known group of flies which cause myiasis in Europe and Turkey. ...
Myiasis is a disease caused by tissue invasion of diptera larvae and eggs. Oral myiasis is mostly related to old age, poor oral hygiene, suppurative lesions, anatomical disorders and cancer cases. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an important risk factor for myiasis. This report presents the case of an 82-year-old woman who presented with gingival myiasis developing on the background of OSSC. The patient was diagnosed with OSSC in the hospital. Myiasis larvae were identified and sent to the National Parasitology Reference Laboratory for identification. Thus, development of myiasis on OSCC background was shown in Turkey for the first time. Myiasis larvae have been identified as the 3rd phase of the larvae Sarcophaga sp. development (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). As a result, myiasis cases are sporadic in Turkey, and it can be avoided by controlling fly population and by paying attention to hygiene. Controlling myiasis is an important public health problem and should be considered in a single health concept, as it causes health problems in both humans and animals. The findings of this case will draw attention to the importance of dealing with myiasis factors, which is a public health problem.
... The administration of oral ivermectin for myiasis has proven to be effective as it prevents complications in surgery and reduces the difficulty of mechanical removal of the larvae [56]. Children are vulnerable to nasal [57], oral [57,58], ocular [59][60][61], and auricular myiasis [57,62]. Treatment of children with oral ivermectin (200-350 μg/kg) for myiasis is effective [30,59-61,63] but use in children weighing less than 15 kg has been extremely limited due to the current contraindication [38,39]. ...
Background
Oral ivermectin is a safe broad spectrum anthelminthic used for treating several neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Currently, ivermectin use is contraindicated in children weighing less than 15 kg, restricting access to this drug for the treatment of NTDs. Here we provide an updated systematic review of the literature and we conducted an individual-level patient data (IPD) meta-analysis describing the safety of ivermectin in children weighing less than 15 kg.
Methodology/Principal findings
A systematic review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) for IPD guidelines by searching MEDLINE via PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid Embase, LILACS, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, TOXLINE for all clinical trials, case series, case reports, and database entries for reports on the use of ivermectin in children weighing less than 15 kg that were published between 1 January 1980 to 25 October 2019. The protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO): CRD42017056515. A total of 3,730 publications were identified, 97 were selected for potential inclusion, but only 17 sources describing 15 studies met the minimum criteria which consisted of known weights of children less than 15 kg linked to possible adverse events, and provided comprehensive IPD. A total of 1,088 children weighing less than 15 kg were administered oral ivermectin for one of the following indications: scabies, mass drug administration for scabies control, crusted scabies, cutaneous larva migrans, myiasis, pthiriasis, strongyloidiasis, trichuriasis, and parasitic disease of unknown origin. Overall a total of 1.4% (15/1,088) of children experienced 18 adverse events all of which were mild and self-limiting. No serious adverse events were reported.
Conclusions/Significance
Existing limited data suggest that oral ivermectin in children weighing less than 15 kilograms is safe. Data from well-designed clinical trials are needed to provide further assurance.
... In the present case a 11 year old developmentally disabled female child had a self inflicting injury with wooden stick in the anterior palate region which manifested with ulceration and growth of maggots in this region similar to the cases reported by Vinit et al. [14], Reddy et al. [15], Kumar et al. [16]. ...
... Maggots were mechanically removed using a tweezer followed by irrigation with saline and povidone iodine solution. The patient was administered a single dose oral Ivermectin 3 mg and oral Amoxicillin 250 mg BID for 5 days which was similar to the treatment suggested by B. T. Bhagawati et al. [24], Sankari and Ramakrishnan et al. [25], Reddy et al. [15] and Pereira et al. [26]. ...
Self-inflicting injuries are common among special children. One of the complications is Oral Myiasis. 11 yr old spastic female reported with pain and swelling in palatal region due to trauma from wooden stick. Oral examination revealed, an ulcerated lesion measuring about 2 cm × 1 cm in relation to 11 and 12. 4 live maggots were removed from the ulcerated wound which after entomological examination was reported as Chrysomya Bezziana.
Uniqueness of the case
This case describes a non-invasive management of Oral myiasis in a special child with poor socioeconomic condition which demanded out-patient care which was clinically effective and affordable.
... It mostly affects the anterior palate followed by gingiva. 10 The lack of adeptness, lip incompetence, open bite, advanced periodontal disease, thumbsucking habits, ill-fitting dentures, dirty prosthesis, open wounds, at tooth extraction sites, medical comorbidities such as craniomaxillofacial trauma, 2 7 diabetes and peripheral arterial disorders, 23 neurological defects, 24 patients under mechanical ventilation, scoliosis, 25 cancrum oris, malignant tumours like squamous cell carcinoma, 21 etc were thought to be predisposing factors. 4 In the present report, the most likely reasons of oral myiasis are mental inability, poor financial status, lack of personal sanitation, bad oral hygiene and mouth breathing habits. ...
Oral myiasis is a rare disease, identified primarily in non-industrialised nations. It is caused fundamentally by the attack of larvae from Dipteran flies on the human tissues. Predisposing factors for oral myiasis are extraction wounds, destitute oral cleanliness, meagreness, mouth breathing amid rest, suppurative injuries, necrotic tissues, diabetes and perivascular infections primarily within the elderly, extreme halitosis, alcohol addiction, cerebral paralysis and components that favour prolonged mouth opening. Myiasis may have predilection to patients with mental challenges, cerebral palsy and hemiplegia due to unfortunate physical agility. The present case reports an oral myiasis in a 25-year-old woman who was mentally challenged. This condition was treated by topical application of turpentine oil with manual expulsion of hatchlings, taken after by surgical debridement and wide range antimicrobials.
... Oral myiasis, first described by Laurence in 1909, is a rare entity referring to the invasion of oral cavity tissues by fly larvae, and often associated with various medical and anatomical conditions, such as poor hygiene, mouth breathing, mental retardation and incompetent lips [2][3][4]. ...
... the type of infesting larvae. Oral myiasis is a rare fly maggot infestation in people with poor oral sterility, immunocompromised state, unhygienic living conditions, suppurative lesions, facial trauma, mouth ulcerative lesions, wound extraction and fumigating cancers [2,3]. This situation is severely life-threatening to the patient, in addition to causing pain and tissue destruction. ...
Myiasis is a pathological condition in which there is a pestilence of fly larvae feeding on living or dead tissues. This disease is common in the tropics and subtropics of Africa and America and rarely affects humans. Our case report describes a five-year-old boy from Karachi, Pakistan with a history of extraction sockets and incisional biopsy of the left parotid lymph node. Lack of proper wound maintenance led to infestation of maggots both over the overlying skin of the left parotid region and the posterior oral cavity. The plan was wound debridement both outside and intra-orally under local anesthesia and the removal of maggots. A cotton swab impregnated with turpentine oil was placed on the wounds for a few minutes. The wounds were then properly debrided with pyodine and hydrogen peroxide. Around 15 to 16 maggots were extracted from the wound on the left parotid region using medical forceps whereas five maggots were extracted from the intraoral wound with the help of turpentine oil and forceps. This case demonstrates the importance of oral health and proper wound management, and also that myiasis, despite its distinctiveness, can be managed by promoting awareness of the disease and by suitable treatment methods.
