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Areas where spontaneous vocalizations of wild wolves around rendezvous sites were assessed: USYNP (U.S. Yellowstone National Park), USSNF (U.S. Superior National Forest), SSC (Spain Sierra de la Culebra), SCC (Spain Cordillera Cantábrica), STC (Spain Tierra de Campos), and INM (India Maharastra). Base map layer obtained in https://www.worldpop.org/
Source publication
We used automatic sound recorders to study spontaneous vocalizations of wild wolves during the pup-rearing season around rendezvous sites from 24 wolf packs in six study areas across North America, Asia, and Europe. Between 2018 and 2021, for a total of 1225 pack-days, we recorded 605 spontaneous wolf chorus howls and 224 solo-howl series. Howling...
Citations
... This explains the time interval for recording the joint vocal activity of the wolf and the Eagle Owl in our work. For the Eagle Owl, on the contrary, the nighttime vocal activity is noticeably weaker than the evening one (Lapshin et al. 2018, Palacios et al. 2022, which indicates a discrepancy between the daily acoustic activity of the two species and explains the rarity of joint duets in nature. However, the wolf and the Eagle Owl are forced to interact in an acoustic signal environment, since their vocal activity can be timed to coincide with sunset and sunrise (Lapshin et al. 2018, Palacios et al. 2022. ...
... For the Eagle Owl, on the contrary, the nighttime vocal activity is noticeably weaker than the evening one (Lapshin et al. 2018, Palacios et al. 2022, which indicates a discrepancy between the daily acoustic activity of the two species and explains the rarity of joint duets in nature. However, the wolf and the Eagle Owl are forced to interact in an acoustic signal environment, since their vocal activity can be timed to coincide with sunset and sunrise (Lapshin et al. 2018, Palacios et al. 2022. Thus, these two predators are quite active in terms of vocalization not only in relation to conspecifics, but also to other competitor species. ...
We recorded vocal interaction in the natural environment of an Eurasian Eagle-Owl (Bubo bubo) with canines Gray Wolves (Canis lupus) , Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) . Vocalization was recorded using Olympus digital voice recorders. The calls of the male Eurasian Eagle-Owl were recorded by us in the frequency range of 200–420 Hz. The howl of a Gray Wolf was recorded in the frequency range from 300 to 1,100 Hz. Red Fox barking was recorded in the frequency range from 750 to 1,000 Hz. Barking of domestic dogs was recorded in the frequency range from 250 to 1,500 Hz. The vocalization of the Eurasian Eagle-Owl had an independent character inherent in the biology of the species. The Eurasian Eagle-Owl, with its cries, involuntarily provoked the entry of canines into joint vocal interaction, which can be explained by the high social activity of the latter. Co-vocalizations of the Eurasian Eagle-Owl and canines were noted in winter, spring and autumn, but mainly in spring (50%). The increased use of autonomous voice recorders, which record spontaneous vocalizations emitted by animals over long periods, will allow us to better document and study the importance of such interspecific interactions.
