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![Approximate biogeographical distribution of Biscogniauxia pezizoides. A-Stroma of B. pezizoides studded with the characteristic ostioles. B-Stroma of B. repanda [from western Russia, Leningrad Region, on Sorbus aucuparia L., D. Shabunin, VLA P-1429]. In North America, most localities (Delaware, Manitoba, Maryland, Nebraska, Virginia) are based on B. pezizoides specimens on Ulmus spp. (BPI collections: 595296, 595313, 595312, 595310, 595309); BPI 595300 from New York was collected on Acer sp., and the senior author has collected from Acer ap. in Tennessee (Great Smoky Mountains National Park) and from Ulmus sp. in Arkansas (Buffalo National River) as well as from Acer mono Maxim. and Ulmus spp. in eastern Russia and northeastern China (Heilongjiang province). Scale bars: 6A = 1.4 mm, 6B = 1.7 mm.](profile/Larissa-Vasilyeva/publication/233502144/figure/fig4/AS:669079073464321@1536532290151/Approximate-biogeographical-distribution-of-Biscogniauxia-pezizoides-A-Stroma-of-B.png)
Approximate biogeographical distribution of Biscogniauxia pezizoides. A-Stroma of B. pezizoides studded with the characteristic ostioles. B-Stroma of B. repanda [from western Russia, Leningrad Region, on Sorbus aucuparia L., D. Shabunin, VLA P-1429]. In North America, most localities (Delaware, Manitoba, Maryland, Nebraska, Virginia) are based on B. pezizoides specimens on Ulmus spp. (BPI collections: 595296, 595313, 595312, 595310, 595309); BPI 595300 from New York was collected on Acer sp., and the senior author has collected from Acer ap. in Tennessee (Great Smoky Mountains National Park) and from Ulmus sp. in Arkansas (Buffalo National River) as well as from Acer mono Maxim. and Ulmus spp. in eastern Russia and northeastern China (Heilongjiang province). Scale bars: 6A = 1.4 mm, 6B = 1.7 mm.
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In this paper the biogeographical pattern known as the Grayan disjunction is discussed with respect to pyrenomycetous fungi. The importance of considering biogeographical data in taxonomy is emphasized. Apiognomonia duschekiae is described as a new species, Biscogniauxia alnophila is proposed as a new name for B. mediterranea var. microspora, and N...
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Context 1
... two names might just as easily represent different species that are restricted to different host plants (mostly Ulmus and Sorbus, respectively) and their occurrence on different continents has already been noted (Pouzar 1979). The later discovery of B. pezizoides in eastern Asia (Vasilyeva 1998) fits its distribution in the Grayan disjunction (Fig. 6). Another example is Diaporthella platasca (Peck) Wehm. (Fig. 7), first described from the Adirondack Mountains in eastern United States (Peck 1873) and later been shown (Wehmeyer 1933) to have smaller stromata and larger ascospores (16-23 µm long) than the European species D. aristata (Fr.) Petr. (ascospores 13-16 µm long). However, ...
Context 2
... ascospore length (data from Ju & Rogers 1996: Key to Hypoxylon). Each table row presents a set of closely related taxa. represent a species complex in need of reconsideration. Some support for this view was provided by a specimen from Texas (Big Thicket National Preserve) that is very similar to Hypoxylon notatum as illustrated by Miller (1961: Fig. 6-7), but the KOH-extractable stromatal pigments of the Texan specimen are orange in contrast to "pure yellow with greenish yellow tone" reported for H. notatum by Ju & Rogers (1996). The latter pigment type was confirmed only for the Taiwanese specimen ( Stadler et al. 2008), whereas material from Argentina identified as H. notatum had ...
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... Pairwise comparisons of their sequences further prove this phylogenetic distinction, revealing differences of 17.28% in ITS (496/614 bases, 46/614 gaps), 2.87% in RPB-2 (1130/1151 bases, 4/1,151 gaps), and 3.68% in TUB (1,339/ 1,392 bases, 12/1,392 gaps). The morphology of N. hydei was also compared with other Nemania species with no available sequences, but its morphology is distinct from the other species primarily based on the characteristics of the stromata, and the shape and size of the ascospores (Vasilyeva and Stephenson 2011;Fournier et al. 2018). These justify introducing N. hydei as a novel species. ...
A novel fungus species, Nemania hydei, isolated from Avicennia marina in Pranburi District, Prachuap Khiri Khan, Thailand is described. The samples were collected from mangrove habitats, and the fungus was isolated and characterised. Nemania species produce carbonaceous, superficial stromata that are multi- peritheciate with papillate ostioles. They are frequently isolated from decomposing angiospermous wood and are primarily considered saprophytic, although some are endophytic, while a few are pathogenic. DNA extraction was performed on pure cultures, and the ITS, LSU, RPB-2, and TUB sequence data were amplified. Molecular phylogenetic investigation revealed that the isolate formed a distinct and well-supported clade with Nemania viridis as a sister taxon. Morphological observations further demonstrated unique characteristics that distinguish N. hydei from its closest taxonomic relative. Primarily, they differ in the shape and size of ascospores, asci, and the characteristic reaction of the apical ring. Despite the existence of over 70 known species within the genus Nemania, only four species have been previously documented from mangrove ecosystems. The discovery of N. hydei contributes to knowledge of species from mangroves, expanding our understanding of the diversity within Nemania in marine habitats.
... The species was previously known from eastern North America, where it is quite common (Sherwood 1977). The record in Russian Far East thus is another example of a 'Grayan disjunction' between eastern Asia and eastern North America, which is well known in plants (Li 1952, Graham 1972, Davidse 1983, Wen 1999, and not uncom mon in fungi (Culberson 1972, Wu & Mueller 1997, Kovacs et al. 2008, Vasilyeva & Stephenson 2010 ...
This paper summarizes literature data and new information on the geographical distribution and ecology of Stictis and closely related genera in Russia. Stictis sphaeroboloides is reported as new to Eurasia; Carestiella socia and Stictis populorum are new to Asia, S. carnea is new to Russia, and S. radiata is new to the Russian Far East. New data on distribution and ecology of Carestiella socia and five Stictis species are provided along with a comprehensive key for all species of Stictis s.l. sensu Wedin et al. (2006) known in Russia and nearby areas. Our research clearly shows importance of the collaboration between mycologists and lichenologists to study trophically complex taxa and to obtain the most complete knowledge about fungal diversity.
... Since then, new taxa have been described (e.g. Ju & Rogers 2001, Mugambi et al. 2009, Raimondo et al. 2016, Vasilyeva & Stephenson 2010, Vasilyeva et al. 2012, Whalley et al. 2000. The genus appears paraphyletic (Pažoutová et al. 2010, Peláez et al. 2008, Raimondo et al. 2016) together with other related, but morphologically dissimilar genera, such as Camillea Fr., Obolarina Pouzar and Graphostoma Piroz., forming a clade distant from the species of Xylaricaeae in the traditional sense. ...
Zíbarová L., Kout J. (2017): Xylariaceous pyrenomycetes from Bohemia: species of Biscogniauxia and Hypoxylon new to the Czech Republic, and notes on other rare species. – Czech Mycol. 69(1): 77–108. Two species of pyrenomycetes, Biscogniauxia mediterranea and Hypoxylon fuscoides, are reported from the Czech Republic for the first time. Descriptions of both species, based on the authors' collections, are provided together with notes on their distribution and ecology in the Czech Republic and Europe. Additionally new records and short discussions regarding 20 other less common taxa of pyrenomycetes of the genera Biscogniauxia, Euepixylon, Hypoxylon and Nemania (traditionally placed in Xylariaceae) in Bohemia, Czech Republic, are supplied, and recommendations for a future version of the Czech Red list of macromycetes are given.
... Annulohypoxylon moriforme, said to occur in the tropics and subtropics of both hemispheres (Ju & Rogers 1996), is distinguished from A. truncatum and A. maesaeense by its smaller ascospores (6-9 × 2.5-4 µm & Rogers 1996) as well as from Tennessee (Vasilyeva et al. 2007) and Arkansas and Texas (our unpublished data). Annulohypoxylon truncatum has also been recorded (as Hypoxylon truncatum) from Japan (Abe 1990, Abe & Doi 2000 and Korea (Velmurugan et al. 2007), not unexpected given that an appreciable number of pyrenomycetous fungi occur in both eastern North America and temperate regions of eastern Asia (Vasilyeva & Stephenson 2010). However, the eastern Asian material of A. truncatum needs to be reconsidered, in light of the redetermination of a specimen identified as "A. ...
... Vasilyeva et al. 2012). As noted in earlier treatments of species from temperate latitudes of northeastern Asia and eastern North America (Vasilyeva & Stephenson 2010, the morphological differences between species in the western and eastern hemispheres are rather insignificant and sometimes pertinent to only a single character (e.g., a difference in ascospore size, of anamorphs, or in stromatal pigments). This enigma currently has no biogeographic explanation but does demand an accumulation of relevant examples to solve. ...
... In fact, morphological variation within Hypoxylon and Annulohypoxylon is not very high, as both the same characters (stromatal pigments and shapes, dehiscent or indehiscent perispore, etc.) and the same ranges of variation (e.g., size of ascospores) repeat themselves infinitely (cf. Vasilyeva & Stephenson 2010) while combining differently with one another other for a particular taxon. Diversity lies not in morphological variation per se, but rather in the combinations of features characterizing different species. ...
Fourteen species of Annulohypoxylon and one species of Ustulina collected in northern Thailand are discussed. Only three of the species (Annulohypoxylon bahnphadengense, A. bogoriense comb. nov., A. urceolatum) have been reported previously from southeastern Asia. The other twelve species (A. chiangmaiense , A. derelictum, A. dipterocarpi, A. maesaeense, A. microbovei, A. morisuspectum, A. neglectum, A. paratruncatum, A. planodiscum, A. pseudonitens, A. sordidum, Ustulina pseudozonata) are proposed as spp. nov., described, and illustrated.
... This species has already been reported from several provinces of China, namely Gangsu, Jiangsu, and Shaanxi (Tai, 1979, Teng 1996, Zhuang 2005. While discussing its pattern of distribution (Vasilyeva & Stephenson 2010), we noted that the area of this species in North America extends more to the west than for many other species with 'Asa-Gray disjunction' (in north-easyern Asia and eastern North America). Perhaps, the same is true for the area of Diatrype albopruinosa in north-eastern Asia: The findings in Heilongjiang and Jiangsu Provinces are close to eastern edge of Asia but the range of distribution extends as far to the west as Gansu Province. ...
The paper considers 13 species belonging to the genera Diatrype and Cryptosphaeria (Diatrypaceae) found in north-eastern China (Heilongjiang and Jilin Provinces). Cryptosphaeria nigrescens and Diatrype sinensis are described as new species. Four species recorded are only known from the area around the Sea of Japan, three other species display a biogeographical pattern known as ‘Asa Gray disjunction’, and two species are reported far from their main findings in Europe.
... There are additional data from some other biogeographic comparisons that support an independent Caribbean center of fungal biodiversity. We have previously discussed the "Asa Gray disjunction, " a well-known distribution pattern that exists for many organisms, including fungi (Vasilyeva & Stephenson 2010). This pattern, which is characteristic of species occurring both in northeastern North America and northeastern Asia, is represented by 'sibling' species that replace each other in these two widely separated world regions. ...
... Thus, the most interesting and relevant xylariaceous phylogenetic tree Taiwan (the Indo-Malayan center). While this might support conspecificity of specimens from the western and eastern hemispheres, the specimens could just as easily be assigned to different species, as has been done for Hypoxylon lividicolor Y.M. Ju & J.D. Rogers from Taiwan and H. lividipigmentum from Mexico, two taxa that also cluster together with the same level of support ) and which we have already (Vasilyeva & Stephenson 2010) suggested might represent a vicarious pair of species. The pantropical distribution of a number of species as well as the species concepts themselves might have to be reconsidered in the light of the existence of more restricted biogeographic centers of biodiversity. ...
A biogeographic region with a peculiar species composition and located in the southern states of the United States is discussed. It is proposed that this region is a part of a possible Caribbean center of fungal biodiversity. Hypoxylon confertisilvae, H. ilicinum, H.
meridionale, H. minicroceum, and H. rolingii are described as species new to science.
... Many pyrenomycetes have been collected exclusively in the Sea of Japan area and assigned to new species or genera (Vasilyeva 1990(Vasilyeva , 1993(Vasilyeva , 2001(Vasilyeva , 2007(Vasilyeva , 2010Ju et al. 1999Ju et al. , 2009Stadler et al. 2005;Vasilyeva & Mel'nik 2006;Vasilyeva & Stadler 2008;Vasilyeva et al. 2007Vasilyeva et al. , 2010Hirooka et al. 2011). The main purpose of the Vasilyeva & Stephenson (2010b series (for which this is the third contribution) is to emphasize that by neglecting biogeographical patterns, mycologists often have reached the wrong conclusions regarding application of species names to fungi in northeastern Asia. e.g., Koval 1972) but actually do not occur there, and any of these names applied to Chinese fungi (Teng 1996) should be checked. ...
The peculiar species composition of the assemblage of pyrenomycetous fungi known from the area around the Sea of Japan is discussed. Three new species—Annulohypoxylon orientale, Hypoxylon cyanescens, and Nectria araliae—are described and illustrated.
... capnodes (Ju et al. 1998 (Okane et al. 2008), does not seem likely to occur here either. This taxon is known only from North America (Ju et al. 1998) and temperate latitudes of eastern Russia (Vasilyeva & Stephenson 2010). ...
... Hypoxylon notatum is described as having dark brown granules beneath the stromatal surface and pure yellow KOH-extractable pigments with a greenish yellow tinge (Ju and Rogers 1996). We have already indicated that our specimens of H. notatum from the southeastern United States have an orange (or rusty) KOH-extractable pigment (Vasilyeva and Stephenson 2010), as is also the case for the type specimen of H. notatum deposited in the Farlow Herbarium (on Quercus sp., Ravenel's Fungi Car. Exs. ...
... As indicated in the commentaries provided for particular species, the pan-tropical distribution of many species is exaggerated. In parallel to the biogeographical pattern observed in temperate latitudes and known as the 'Grayan disjunction' (Vasilyeva and Stephenson 2010), two tropical centers of biodiversity can be identified, and these tend to be inhabited by pairs of very similar, but separate, species of pyrenomycetous fungi that replace one another when the two centers are compared. In the Western Hemisphere, the center of biodiversity is the region in and around the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, whereas in the Eastern Hemisphere, the corresponding center of biodiversity occurs in Southeast Asia. ...
Fourteen species of stromatic pyrenomycetous fungi (family Xylariaceae) collected in northern Thailand are discussed. Six of these (Biscogniauxia lithocarpi, Camillea malaysiensis var. macrospora, Hypoxylon juventuterubrum, H. pseudoretpela, H. rubroargillaceum, and H. sepipigmentum) are described as taxa new to science. Illustrations of these taxa are provided, and they are compared with similar taxa known from the Western Hemisphere.
... Additional collecting trips and visits to several different herbaria have revealed a number of specimens that warranted a re-identification. The data available on their distribution indicate that they display the biogeographical pattern known as the Grayan disjunction, which was discussed in a previous paper (Vasilyeva & Stephenson 2010). ...
... Ascospores unicellular, allantoid, brownish yellow when crowded in asci, pale yellow when scattered, 4-6 × 1-1. Comments-Diatrypella informis was illustrated in the previously published paper on biogeographic patterns in pyrenomycetous fungi (Vasilyeva & Stephenson 2010), but its name was never validly published. Therefore, a Latin description is provided herein to validate the name. ...
... We did not discuss the Grayan disjunction in pyrenomycetous fungi as part of an overview of biogeographical problems in our previous paper (Vasilyeva & Stephenson 2010). Especially interesting in this context is the vicarious pattern. ...
We report additional examples of pyrenomycetous fungi that display the
biogeographical pattern known as the Grayan disjunction. Daldinia grayana and Diatrypella
informis are described as new species, and Nemania pseudoillita is proposed as a new combination
