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One of the most significant boosts for reducing energy consumption and environmental pollution is expected to be the photocatalytic splitting of water, which is a cost-effective and ecologically beneficial method of hydrogen (H2) production from water under sunlight irradiation. Researchers have studied various photocatalytic materials and systems...
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... Since the most of metal borides exhibit metallic conductivity 29 , it is possible to consider them as metallic co-catalysts supported by main semiconducting catalyst (i.e. TiO 2 ) for different photocatalytic reactions, including the CO oxidation [30][31][32] , CO 2 reduction 6,33-35 and production of hydrogen from various solutions [36][37][38][39][40] . The absence of a band gap allows for the transfer of 'hot electrons' between the co-catalyst and the catalyst, resulting in a significant increase in yield for photocatalytic reactions. ...
Most modern catalysts are based on precious metals and rear-earth elements, making some of organic synthesis reactions economically insolvent. Density functional theory calculations are used here to describe several differently oriented surfaces of the higher tungsten boride WB5-x, together with their catalytic activity for the CO oxidation reaction. Based on our findings, WB5-x appears to be an efficient alternative catalyst for CO oxidation. Calculated surface energies allow the use of the Wulff construction to determine the equilibrium shape of WB5-x particles. It is found that the (010) and (101) facets terminated by boron and tungsten, respectively, are the most exposed surfaces for which the adsorption of different gaseous agents (CO, CO2, H2, N2, O2, NO, NO2, H2O, NH3, SO2) is evaluated to reveal promising prospects for applications. CO oxidation on B-rich (010) and W-rich (101) surfaces is further investigated by analyzing the charge redistribution during the adsorption of CO and O2 molecules. It is found that CO oxidation has relatively low energy barriers. The implications of the present results, the effects of WB5-x on CO oxidation and potential application in the automotive, chemical, and mining industries are discussed.
... These materials are widely utilized in different applications, including solar cells, optoelectronic devices, and photocatalysts for water splitting to generate H 2 through a process called photolysis [180,181]. Due to various distinctive properties they are highly suitable for different applications [182,183]. Tellurides that can be utilized for the PHE are summarized in Table 3. These materials exhibit direct band gaps, high transparency, and high absorption coefficients. ...
The growing demand for clean and sustainable energy sources has led to the investigation of photocatalytic water splitting as a promising technology for hydrogen production. This study explores the potential of transition metal chalcogenides (sulfides, selenides and tellurides) and metal phosphides as highly efficient photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution through photocatalytic water splitting. Innovative techniques, like heteroatom doping, co-catalyst integration, heterojunction development, have successfully tackled challenges such as low conductivity restricted light adsorption. Our review article reveals that these materials exhibit exceptional photocatalytic activity due to their unique electronic and structural properties that facilitate the separation and transportation of electrons and holes. The use of these materials as cocatalysts also significantly enhances their hydrogen evolution activity. Additionally, the review delves into the existing challenges and future prospects. These results suggest that transition metal chalcogenides and phosphides hold great promise as highly effective photocatalysts for hydrogen production through water splitting, with potential implications for the development of sustainable and clean energy technologies.
... Some scientists got interested in octagonal graphs 12 17 . For more details, see [8][9][10][11][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] . ...
Cyclooctane is a cycloalkane consisting of carbon and hydrogen atoms arranged in a closed ring structure. Cyclooctane chains can be found in various organic compounds and are significant in the field of organic chemistry due to their diverse reactivity and properties. The atom-bond connectivity index ( $$\mathcal{A}\mathcal{B}\mathcal{C}$$ A B C ), the geometric-arithmetic index ( $$\mathcal{G}\mathcal{A}$$ G A ), the arithmetic–geometric index ( $$\mathcal{A}\mathcal{G}$$ A G ) and the forgotten index ( $$\mathcal{F}$$ F ) are four well-studied molecular descriptors that have found applications in QSPR and QSAR studies. These topological descriptors have shown significant correlations with different physiochemical properties of octane isomers. In this work, the expected values of four degree based topological descriptors for random cyclooctane chains are calculated. An analytical comparison is given between the expected values of $$\mathcal{A}\mathcal{B}\mathcal{C}$$ A B C , $$\mathcal{G}\mathcal{A}$$ G A , $$\mathcal{A}\mathcal{G}$$ A G , and $$\mathcal{F}$$ F indices of random cyclooctane chains.
... Usually, to promote the photocatalytic H 2 production reaction, the oxidative half-reaction is replaced by sacrificial reagents such as Na 2 S·9H 2 O/Na 2 SO 3 , CH 3 OH, triethanolamine (TEOA), formic acid, and lactic acid, etc [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. The sacrificial reagents are toxic by nature and also make the H 2 production reaction expansive. ...
Photocatalytic H2 production with selective oxidation of organic moieties in an aqueous medium is a fascinating research area. However, the rational design of photocatalysts and their photocatalytic performance are still inadequate. In this work, we efficiently synthesized the MoS2 tipped CdS nanowires (NWs) photocatalyst using soft templates via the two-step hydrothermal method for efficient H2 production with selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol (BO) under visible light illumination. The optimized MoS2 tipped CdS NWs (20 % MoS2) photocatalyst exhibits the highest photocatalytic H2 production efficiency of 13.55 mmol g−1 h−1 with 99 % selective oxidation of BO, which was 42.34 and 2.21 times greater photocatalytic performance than that of pristine CdS NWs and MoS2/CdS NWs, respectively. The directional loading of MoS2 at the tips of CdS NWs (as compared to nondirectional MoS2 at CdS NWs) is the key factor towards superior H2 production with 99 % selective oxidation of BO and has an inhibitory effect on the photo corrosion of pristine CdS NWs. Therefore, the amazing enhancement in the photocatalytic performance and selectivity of optimized MoS2 tipped CdS NWs (20 % MoS2) photocatalyst is due to the spatial separation of their photoexcited charge carriers through the Schottky junction. Moreover, the unique structure of the MoS2 flower at the tip of 1D CdS NWs offers separate active sites for adsorption and surface reactions such as H2 production at the MoS2 flower (confirmed by Pt photo deposition) and subsequently the selective oxidation of BO at the stem of CdS NWs. This rational design of a photocatalyst could be an inspiring work for the further development of an efficient photocatalytic system for H2 production with selective oxidation of BO (a strategy of mashing two potatoes with one fork).
... In the modern scientific research, photocatalytic, multiferroic, and perovskite materials are taken interest of the scientists. Different types of perovskites like titanates (BaTiO 3 , CaTiO 3 , FeTiO 3 , and SrTiO 3 ), tantalates (NaTaO 3 , KTaO 3 , and AgTaO 3 ), and ferrites (BiFeO 3 , GaFeO 3 , etc.) are more promising towards photocatalytic applications (Kudo and Kato 2000;Yao et al.2008;Lam et al. 2017;Liu et al. 2021b;Mansoor et al. 2023;Tayyab et al. 2023;Panda et al. 2023). Among all, BiFeO 3 (BFO) holds a great promising n-type semiconducting inorganic perovskite material (ferrites) displaying its potential in different applications such as photocatalysis, photosensitizers, sensors, and piezoelectric devices. ...
The performance of advanced materials in environmental applications using green energy is the tremendous interest among researchers. The visible light responsive BiFeO3 (BFO), BiFeO3/CuS (BFOC) and Ag-loaded BiFeO3/CuS (Ag-BFOC) heterostructures have been synthesized by reflux method followed by hydrothermal and wetness impregnation method. These synthesized composites are well characterized through X–ray diffraction (XRD), UV Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV- DRS), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Fourier transfer Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. Compared with BFO, and BFOC, Ag-BFOC exhibits the highest photocatalytic performance towards the degradation of antibiotics ciprofloxacin (76 %) within 120-min time and also showed better antibacterial performance towards gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii) bacteria. Moreover, the novelty of the present work is the addition of CuS on the surface of BiFeO3 form heterojunction type II and facilitates the electron-hole channelization at the interfaces between BiFeO3 and CuS. Again, the loading of Ag on BiFeO3/CuS helps in shifting the absorption band towards the red end and is eligible to absorb more sunlight due to surface plasmon resonance effect and improves the separation efficiency of photo-generated charge carriers, and enhances the photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin. The antibacterial property of Ag gives a best result towards antimicrobial activity. The prepared composites have proved their durability and stability by four successive cycles and proves the versatility of the composite.
... In the modern scientific research, photocatalytic, multiferroic, and perovskite materials are taken interest of the scientists. Different types of perovskites like titanates (BaTiO 3 , CaTiO 3 , FeTiO 3 , and SrTiO 3 ), tantalates (NaTaO 3 , KTaO 3 , and AgTaO 3 ), and ferrites (BiFeO 3 , GaFeO 3 , etc.) are more promising towards photocatalytic applications (Kudo and Kato 2000;Yao et al.2008;Lam et al. 2017;Liu et al. 2021b;Mansoor et al. 2023;Tayyab et al. 2023;Panda et al. 2023). Among all, BiFeO 3 (BFO) holds a great promising n-type semiconducting inorganic perovskite material (ferrites) displaying its potential in different applications such as photocatalysis, photosensitizers, sensors, and piezoelectric devices. ...
The performance of advanced materials in environmental applications using green energy is the tremendous interest among researchers. The visible light responsive BiFeO3 (BFO), BiFeO3/CuS (BFOC), and Ag-loaded BiFeO3/CuS (Ag-BFOC) heterostructures have been synthesized by reflux method followed by hydrothermal and wetness impregnation method. These synthesized composites are well characterized through X-ray diffraction, UV diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy techniques. Compared with BFO and BFOC, Ag-BFOC exhibits the highest photocatalytic performance towards the degradation of antibiotics ciprofloxacin (76%) within 120-min time and also showed better antibacterial performance towards gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii) bacteria. Moreover, the novelty of the present work is the addition of CuS on the surface of BiFeO3 from heterojunction type II and facilitates the electron–hole channelization at the interfaces between BiFeO3 and CuS. Again, the loading of Ag on BiFeO3/CuS helps in shifting the absorption band towards the red end, is eligible to absorb more sunlight due to surface plasmon resonance effect, improves the separation efficiency of photo-generated charge carriers, and enhances the photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin. The antibacterial property of Ag gives a best result towards antimicrobial activity. The prepared composites have proved their durability and stability by four successive cycles and prove the versatility of the composite.
Graphical Abstract
Schematic representation of removal of antibiotics and antibacterial activities using Ag-loaded BiFeO3/CuS heterostructured based composite
Fossil fuels play a powerful role in the global economy and are therefore referred to as strategic raw materials. However, their massive use around the world is associated with concerns about the sufficiency of energy sources for future generations. Currently, fossil fuel resources are heavily depleted, with limited supplies. According to forecasts, the demand for energy will constantly increase, so it is necessary to find a solution that reconciles the ever-increasing demand for energy with the need to protect the environment. The main solution to this problem is to acquire energy from renewable resources, especially in the direction of obtaining alternative substitutes for transportation fuels. One of the main alternative fuels that can replace existing fossil fuels is hydrogen. An efficient way to obtain this compound is through the use of modern photocatalysts. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to review the recent literature on the effective use of catalysts in photocatalytic processes (e.g., glycerol conversion) that enable the synthesis of hydrogen.
In the search of potential multi-target medicinal agents, new NOO-tridentate hydrazone ligands (H2L¹–H2L⁴) (1–4) and their transition metal(II) complexes (5–20) were synthesized from salicylaldehyde derivatives and xanthene-9-carboxylic acid hydrazide. The synthesized compounds were well characterized by different techniques, such as FT-IR, (¹H, ¹³C) NMR, mass spectrometry, UV–Vis, ESR, TG–DTA, powder-XRD, SEM-EDAX and molar conductivity measurements. The spectral techniques confirmed the tridentate nature of hydrazones and coordination of ligands with metal ion via Nazomethine, Ophenolic and Oenolic (NOO) which suggested octahedral stereochemistry of the complexes. The complexes were obtained in good yield, non-electrolytic in nature and stable up to 150 °C. The compounds (1–20) were screened for in vitro anti-malarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain and the Co(II) complex (5) (IC50 = 0.94 ± 0.03 nM) exhibited comparable potency to quinine (IC50 = 0.826 ± 0.02 nM), whereas, Cu(II) complex (19) (IC50 = 0.65 ± 0.05 nM) have excellent potency to control malarial infection. Furthermore, the in vitro antimicrobial activity against six strains revealed that the compounds 5 and 19 demonstrated greater efficacy to inhibit the growth of microbial strains among the tested compounds (1–20). The most potent anti-malarial compounds (1, 5, 19) were examined by molecular docking study against Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase protein receptor (PDB ID: 1TV5) to accomplish the acquired biological results through binding energy and interaction mode.
he graphene family and graphite oxide catalysts, particularly graphene oxide structures, have emerged over the past decade as a robust approach for developing common organic reactions and synthesizing heterocyclic compounds under diferent
conditions. This review highlights the potential of using these catalysts for selective
organic compounds, particularly N-heterocyclic compounds, which have numerous
applications in life and material science. This article also provides an overview of
diferent graphene oxide catalytic structures based on Fe, Cu, Mn, Pd, Ni, Co, Si,
and Al for synthesizing N-heterocyclic compounds. Catalyst attributes include recyclability, efectiveness, catalyst lifespan, lack of catalyst nanoparticle mass, and the required time for catalyst efects on the reactions.
Nanostructured catalysts have emerged as potential materials for CO2 reduction, with improved catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability. This review covers the theoretical features, synthesis procedures, performance enhancement, and mechanistic insights of nanostructured catalysts for CO2 reduction in depth. The discussion was focused mainly on metal nanoparticles typically employed as nanostructured catalysts for CO2 reduction, metal oxide nanostructures in the reduction of CO2, and carbon-based nanomaterials in relation to their involvement in catalytic CO2 reduction. The main findings emphasize the significance of catalyst nanostructure in improving specific surface areas and enhancing catalytic efficiency. To create nanostructured catalysts with regulated size, shape, and structure, several synthesis methods such as chemical vapor deposition, sol–gel, electrochemical deposition, template-assisted synthesis, and bottom-up assembly, have been used. The nanostructure of CO2 reduction catalysts influences their efficiency because it improves mass transport, charge transfer kinetics, and the formation of distinct active sites. Surface modification methods such as alloying, doping, and functionalization have been investigated in order to alter surface chemistry and improve catalytic performance. The paper further highlights existing research constraints, such as the long-term stability of nanostructured catalysts and the scalability of fabrication processes. Future research areas include improving catalytic stability, selectivity, and scalability, as well as combining nanostructured catalysts with renewable energy sources to reduce CO2 emissions in a sustainable manner. Overall, nanostructured catalysts show considerable potential in terms of increasing CO2 reduction technology and contributing to a more sustainable future.
