Figure 5 - uploaded by Weichao Wang
Content may be subject to copyright.
Application of SACNS m /catheter on tumor ablation by electro-heating. (A) Dimensional image of SACNS 5 /catheter and Hepa1-6 tumor in vivo. (B) Optical image (left) and thermal image (right) of SACNS 5 /catheter at 3 min during the treatment progress. (C) Thermal image of the tumor 10 min after electro-heating through the SACNS 5 /catheter. (D) Photos of mice and excised tumors during the period of electrical heating treatment. (E) Tumor growth curves and (F) body weight changes of mice in the control and treatment groups (mean ± SD, n = 3).
Source publication
Inflatable conducting devices providing improved properties and functionalities are needed for diverse applications. However, the difficult part in making high-performance inflatable devices is the enabling of two-dimensional (2D) buckles with controlled structures on inflatable catheters. Here, we report the fabrication of highly inflatable device...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... increasing fabrication strains from 17 to 150%, the increased omnidirectional compression pressure forced the quasi-paralleled buckles to get denser, and the orientation of SACNS buckles deteriorated ( Figure S5A−D). Further increasing the fabrication strain to 220%, hierarchically buckled structures were observed ( Figure S5E), where densely packed, wavy short-period SACNS buckles (buckle width of ∼1 μm; denoted as buckles in the following discussions) formed on top of long islands with varying lengths and widths of several tens of micrometers (denoted as islands in the following discussions). ...
Context 2
... increasing fabrication strains from 17 to 150%, the increased omnidirectional compression pressure forced the quasi-paralleled buckles to get denser, and the orientation of SACNS buckles deteriorated ( Figure S5A−D). Further increasing the fabrication strain to 220%, hierarchically buckled structures were observed ( Figure S5E), where densely packed, wavy short-period SACNS buckles (buckle width of ∼1 μm; denoted as buckles in the following discussions) formed on top of long islands with varying lengths and widths of several tens of micrometers (denoted as islands in the following discussions). Figure 1K,L shows the low-and high-magnification SEM images for the hierarchically buckled structure of a SACNS 5 /catheter for 430% fabrication strain. ...
Context 3
... hierarchically buckled structures consist of over several order of micro/nanoscales from several tens of micrometers for the islands, to micrometers for the SACNS buckles, and to nanometer sizes for carbon nanotube bundles. These hierarchically buckled structures appeared to be the most favorable structures for large fabrication strains from 220 to 456% ( Figure S5E−I). The average width of the buckles is ∼1.2 μm for fabrication strains below 360% and decreases to 0.8 μm with fabrication strains increasing from 360 to 456%. ...
Context 4
... in vivo thermal effects of SACNS 5 /catheter on tumor growth were evaluated in Hepa1-6 tumor-bearing mice. As shown in Figure 5A, the size of SACNS 5 /catheter was controllable for adapting to the tumors. The SACNS 5 /catheter can be rapidly heated to 85.0 °C in 3 min after switching on the electricity at 20.0 V ( Figure 5B). ...
Context 5
... shown in Figure 5A, the size of SACNS 5 /catheter was controllable for adapting to the tumors. The SACNS 5 /catheter can be rapidly heated to 85.0 °C in 3 min after switching on the electricity at 20.0 V ( Figure 5B). Figure 5C shows that the tumor temperature is 57.5 °C at 10 min after the treatment, which is close to the heating effect in the PTT 72 . ...
Context 6
... SACNS 5 /catheter can be rapidly heated to 85.0 °C in 3 min after switching on the electricity at 20.0 V ( Figure 5B). Figure 5C shows that the tumor temperature is 57.5 °C at 10 min after the treatment, which is close to the heating effect in the PTT 72 . It is worth mentioning that the SACNS 5 /catheter still showed excellent thermal performance and maintains the temperature at 85.0 °C after heating for 30 min (data not shown). ...
Context 7
... is worth mentioning that the SACNS 5 /catheter still showed excellent thermal performance and maintains the temperature at 85.0 °C after heating for 30 min (data not shown). Figure 5D,E shows the effect of tumor thermal ablation during the period of 16 days after the treatment. Meanwhile, the body weights of mice were monitored after the initial treatment. ...
Similar publications
MgTiO 3 powder was directly added into molten steel at 1873K, and its effect on inclusion characteristics was studied by a scanning electron microscope and an energy dispersive spectrometer. Thermodynamic calculation indicates that MgTiO 3 is unstable in molten steel and may decompose into [Ti], [O] and MgO. However, only Ti-bearing inclusions were...
Demand for improving image quality of cameras has largely grown, especially in industrial fields such as broadcasting, on-vehicle, security, factory automation and medicine. Surface of glass lenses as a key component of cameras is formed and finished by polishing using small tools. The existing polishing technologies, however, have serious problems...
This contribution deals with the development of a three-node triangular plane finite element to analyze the transient hygroscopic behavior of 2/2 twill flax fabric-reinforced epoxy composite. Several plates of this material were fabricated using the vacuum infusion process and composite specimens were then cut and aged in tap water at room temperat...
In this work, the slip behavior and structure of liquid water flowing between two charged solid planar walls were investigated using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. The upper and lower walls are positive and negative charged, respectively. It was shown that the slip length increases at smaller water-solid interaction energy and beco...
Citations
... An attractive way to realize lightweight design of antennas and wireless telecommunication devices is using lightweight polymer materials as matrix to fabricate electromagnetic components, and further replacing the traditional metal-based structural parts [14,15]. In recent years, many research efforts have been devoted to develop novel antennas based on polymer films, textiles and foams [15][16][17][18][19][20]. ...
Portable electronic devices have become widespread in recent years and promoted urgent demand of reducing their size and weight. Here, the composite copper and nickel-plated polymethacrylimide foams ([email protected] and [email protected]) were prepared via electroless plating method. The surface electrical conductivity of the [email protected] and [email protected] composite foams reach to 1.06 × 10⁴ S/m and 9.15 × 10³ S/m when the electroless plating time is 70 min, and the electromagnetic interface shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of ~52 dB and ~43 dB could be achieved, respectively. Moreover, the metallized PMI foams present remarkable radiation performances and good matching degree with the feeder as vertically polarized monopole antennas. More importantly, the weight of the metallized foam based antennas are 25–30 times less than the pure copper antenna. The prepared metallized PMI composite foams can be used to replace the traditional metal-based antennas and thus facilitate the lightweight design of the portable telecommunication devices.
... With coating graphene oxide films on inflated latex balloons, Tan et al. [54,55] constructed a variety of 3D wrinkled structures on hollow substrates by deflation. Rich parameters including substrate curvature, shell thickness, modulus ratio, and mismatch strain were demonstrated to be able to control the wrinkling of thin shells on curved substrates, enabling 3D fabrication of micro and nano structures for various applications such as photo detectors [56,57], controllable adhesion [54,58,59], superelastic electronics [53,60], chemical barriers [61], electromagnetic shielding [62], inflatable devices [63,64], bionic cortical structures [65], and strong actuators [53,55] (Fig. 1). A number of reviews concentrated on mechanics, morphogenesis, and applications of surface instability in soft materials have been reported [29-35, 49, 50]. ...
... Similarly, the fabrication of wrinkling patterns on curved substrates can also be realized by constructing core-shell structures with mismatch modulus and then applying external stimuli to trigger surface instability. As shown in Fig. 4, methods using to obtain core-shell structures include chemical approaches such as surface treatment of oxygen plasma (UV and UVO) [177][178][179][180], surface chemical oxidation [132], chemical vapor deposition [58,181], as well as physical approaches such as metal sputtering [59,182], dip coating [54,55,61], and mechanical wrapping [53,60,64]. The formation of wrinkling patterns on curved substrates can be induced by applying various external stimuli such as heating/cooling [58,59], stretching/releasing [53,60,183], inflation/deflation [54,55,61], and swelling/deswelling [177,179]. ...
... By coating a thin film on an inflated sphere, deflation-induced global compression can trigger surface instability of the core-shell sphere, leading to the formation of diverse wrinkling patterns. As a cheap commercial product with superelasticity and hollow structure, latex balloons with various geometries have been demonstrated to be suitable curved substrates for the fabrication of highly convoluted films with ultrahigh area-compression ratio [54,55,61,62,64,200,201]. By choosing spherical and cylindrical latex balloons as the substrates, Tan et al. [54,55,61] developed a general three-dimensional shrinking method (3DSM) for the self-assembly of 2D graphene oxide (GO) film into 3D complex structures on curved substrates such as cortex-like folds, multiscale ridges, and hierarchically wrinkled papillae. ...
The surface wrinkling of biological tissues is ubiquitous in nature. Accumulating evidence suggests that the mechanical force plays a significant role in shaping the biological morphologies. Controlled wrinkling has been demonstrated to be able to spontaneously form rich multiscale patterns, on either planar or curved surfaces. The surface wrinkling on planar substrates has been investigated thoroughly during the past decades. However, most wrinkling morphologies in nature are based on the curved biological surfaces and the research of controllable patterning on curved substrates still remains weak. The study of wrinkling on curved substrates is critical for understanding the biological growth, developing three-dimensional (3D) or four-dimensional (4D) fabrication techniques, and creating novel topographic patterns. In this review, fundamental wrinkling mechanics and recent advances in both fabrications and applications of the wrinkling patterns on curved substrates are summarized. The mechanics behind the wrinkles is compared between the planar and the curved cases. Beyond the film thickness, modulus ratio, and mismatch strain, the substrate curvature is one more significant parameter controlling the surface wrinkling. Curved substrates can be both solid and hollow with various 3D geometries across multiple length scales. Up to date, the wrinkling morphologies on solid/hollow core–shell spheres and cylinders have been simulated and selectively produced. Emerging applications of the curved topographic patterns have been found in smart wetting surfaces, cell culture interfaces, healthcare materials, and actuators, which may accelerate the development of artificial organs, stimuli-responsive devices, and micro/nano fabrications with higher dimensions.
Flexible wearable sensors have the characteristics of flexibility, comfort, and wearability, and have shown great potential in future electronic products. Despite significant efforts in developing stretchable electronic materials and structures, the development of flexible strain sensors with a wide temperature range, high sensitivity, broad detection range, and good interface stability remains challenging. Here, strain sensors with buckled structures are fabricated using high and low‐temperature resistant material Ti3C2Tx MXene/graphene, PDMS 184. The conductive material Ti3C2Tx MXene/graphene exhibits excellent interface interaction with PDMS 184, addressing not only the poor compatibility issue between the conductive material and the flexible substrate, but also demonstrating good stability and cycling performance. Buckled structure improves the stretchability and linearity of strain sensors. The fabricated strain sensor is suitable for a wide temperature range (−40 to 120 °C) and exhibits high stretchability (120% strain). The strain sensor demonstrates rapid response times at different temperatures: −40 (72.6 ms), 0 (62.7 ms), and 120 °C (52.7 ms). The strain sensor exhibits high sensitivity at different temperatures: −40 (GF = 0.38), 0 (GF = 0.24), 40 (GF = 0.66), and 120 °C (GF = 1.47). The strain sensor has a wide detection range (0.1% to 120%) and excellent cycling stability. In addition, Ti3C2Tx MXene/graphene strain sensors can accurately capture various human activities, such as blinking, speaking, finger bending, and wrist bending.
Higher order hierarchical wrinkle patterns may extend the functionalities and enable new capabilities in the devices created, but current transfer‐based methods are often complex and tedious. This work develops a transfer‐free method to generate hierarchical wrinkle patterns in MXene thin films via controlled deflation of a latex balloon substrate by exploiting its thermal‐elastic properties. This work generates four different wrinkle patterns with varying strain sensitivity: 2D (GF = 0.593), 1D1D (GF = 0.0979), 2D1D (GF = 0.0165), and 2D2D (GF = 0.545). Taking advantage of the small strain response exhibited by the 2D1D electrode, this work fabricates stretchable stain‐insensitive contact sensors where its behavior can be tuned by varying the thickness of the spacer. When the spacer is 0.16 mm thick, the sensor is observed to have a pressure sensitivity of 0.0922, 0.109, and 0.112 kPa⁻¹ at 0%, 25% and 50% stretching states respectively at pressures of <2500 Pa. When the spacer is 0.32 mm thick, the sensor is observed to have a pressure sensitivity of 0.154, 0.185, and 0.233 kPa⁻¹ under 0%, 25% and 50% strain respectively between the pressure range of 2900–5200 Pa.
With the advancement of material science and electronic technology, wearable devices have been integrated into daily lives, no longer just a stirring idea in science fiction. In the future, robust multifunctionalized wearable devices with low cost and long-term service life are urgently required. However, preparing multifunctional wearable devices robust enough to resist harsh conditions using a commercially available raw material through a simple process still remains challenging. In this work, reprocessable polyurea (HUBTPU) with a hard segment of hindered urea bonds (HUBs) and a soft segment of polyether is synthesized via a facile one-pot method. The robust dual functional wearable devices were obtained by simply spray-coating silver nanowires (AgNWs) on HUBTPU elastomer substrates. Due to the dynamic combination and decomposition of the HUBs and hydrogen bonds at 130 °C, the robust elastomer demonstrates favorable adhesion to various substrates. Especially, the partially embedded AgNW structure is also achieved by using ethanol as a spray solvent. The adhesion of HUBTPU substrates and embedded structure leads to stronger interfacial adhesion and stability compared to non-adhesive substrates. The as-obtained HUBTPU electrodes are able to be heated to 115 °C by applying a low voltage and sensing the strain deformation caused by human movement, which means that the electrodes are endowed with both electrical heating capability and strain sensing functionality. Therefore, this strategy reveals a potential way to prepare multifunctional wearable devices using other conductive particles and adhesive functional polymer substrates.
Multifunctional nanocomposites based on carbon nanotubes (CNT)-reinforced Surlyn, which is a commercial ionomeric polymer, are manufactured by micro-compounding and hot-press processes. Multifunctionality is studied in terms of electromechanical response and self-healing abilities. The strain sensing analysis under tensile conditions shows ultra-high gauge factor (GF) values from 10 to 20 at low strain levels up to 106 at high strain levels, and a decreasing sensitivity as CNT content increases because of the reduction in the tunneling distance between neighboring nanoparticles. The electromechanical response under consecutive tensile cycles demonstrated the robustness of the proposed materials due to the repeatability of both responses. With regard to mechanical properties, the addition of CNT induces a clear increase in Young’s modulus because the nanoparticles enable uniform load distributions. Moreover, self-healing capabilities are improved when 4 and 5 wt.% CNT are introduced because of the synergistic effect of the high thermal conductivity of CNT and their homogeneous distribution, promoting an increase in the thermal conductivity of bulk nanocomposites. Thus, by comparing the measured functionalities, 4 and 5 wt.% CNT-reinforced Surlyn nanocomposites showed a high potential for various applications due to their high degree of multifunctionality.
Polymeric systems displaying spontaneous formation of surface wrinkling patterns are useful for a wide range of applications, such as diffraction gratings, flexible electronics, smart adhesives, optical devices, and cell culture platforms. Conventional fabrication techniques for wrinkling patterns involves multitude of processing steps and impose significant limitations on fabrication of hierarchical patterns, creating wrinkles on 3D and nonplanar structures, the scalability of the manufacturing process, and the integration of wrinkle fabrication process into a continuous manufacturing process. In this work, 4D printing of surface morphing hydrogels enabling direct fabrication of wrinkling patterns on curved and/or 3D structures with user‐defined and spatially controlled pattern geometry and size is reported. The key to successful printing is to tailor the photopolymerization time and partial crosslinking time of the hydrogel inks. The interplay between crosslinker concentration and postprinting crosslinking time allow for the control over wrinkling morphology and the characteristic size of the patterns. The pattern alignment is controlled by the print strut size—the size of the solid material extruded from the print nozzle in the form of a line. To demonstrate the utility of the approach, tunable optical devices, a solvent/humidity sensor for microchips, and cell culture platforms to control stem cell shape are fabricated.
Flexible sensors have attracted significant attention as they could be directly attached to/implanted into the body or incorporated into textiles to monitor human activities and give feedbacks for healthcare. A typical fabrication method is the direct use of intrinsically flexible active materials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs). CNTs are generally assembled into aligned structures to extend their remarkable chemical, mechanical, and electrical properties to macroscopic scale to afford high sensing performances. In this review, we present the recent advance of CNT assemblies as electrodes or functional materials for flexible sensors. The realizations of aligned CNTs are firstly investigated. A variety of flexible sensors based on the aligned CNTs are then carefully explored, with an emphasis on understanding the working mechanism for their high sensing properties. The main attention is later paid to comparing two main categories of flexible sensors with fiber and film shapes. The remaining challenges are finally highlighted to offer some insights for future study.
Tactile sensors have advanced rapidly in the past few decades on account of the progress in the manufacturing of advanced electronic materials and structures. With many examples ranging from experimental demonstrations to commercially available products, tactile sensors have aroused our interests and contributed to developments in various areas, such as flexible/stretchable electronics, safety monitoring system, personalized health monitoring, and smart clothing. As research continues, we consider that the structural design and material selection are the key factors, which affect the performance of tactile sensors all the time. So, if you were to access excellent tactile sensors, you not only attach importance to structural design, but also think conductive material over seriously. As one of the most widely used geometric structures, the buckle structures exist far and wide in nature. The research of buckled tactile sensors has developed a research boom due to the advantages in high stretchability, high mechanical extensibility, and comfortable contact with human–computer interaction through wearable flexible devices.
This chapter provides fundamental insights into the buckle structure preparation, and the content mainly revolves around several common methods for the preparation of buckle structures and conductive materials. Readers who are interested in buckled tactile sensors are expected to be helpful.
