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Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays have a high power efficiency; however, the frequent use of user interaction-based applications such as instant messengers, video players, and games contributes strongly to the total power consumption. The power consumption varies significantly depending on the display contents, and thus, color transforma...
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Citations
... Anand et al. proposed PARVAI that saves power of the display while maintaining visual satisfaction by adjusting the value of the B channel with high power consumption using the difference in power consumption according to R, G, and B [19]. But the PARVAI method causes color distortion that can be observed with the naked eyes because the Bchannel value is too low to save power [20]. Lin et al. proposed CURA, a low power technique that maintains visual satisfaction through different low power processing for each area divided into five areas using the Itti model. ...
... Anand et al. proposed PARVAI that saves power of the display while maintaining visual satisfaction by adjusting the value of the B channel with high power consumption using the difference in power consumption according to R, G, and B [19]. But the PARVAI method causes color distortion that can be observed with the naked eyes because the B-channel value is too low to save power [20]. Lin et al. proposed CURA, a low power technique that maintains visual satisfaction through different low power processing for each area divided into five areas using the Itti model. ...
Saliency, which means the area human vision is concentrated, can be used in many applications, such as enemy detection in solider goggles and person detection in an auto-driving car. In recent years, saliency is obtained instead of human eyes using a model in an automated way in HMD (Head Mounted Display), smartphones, and VR (Virtual Reality) devices based on mobile displays; however, such a mobile device needs too much power to maintain saliency on a mobile display. Therefore, low power saliency methods have been important. CURA tried to power down, according to the saliency level, while keeping human visual satisfaction. But it still has some artifacts due to the difference in brightness at the boundary of the region divided by saliency. In this paper, we propose a new segmentation-based saliency-aware low power approach to minimize the artifacts. Unlike CURA, our work considers visual perceptuality and power management at the saliency level and at the segmented region level for each saliency. Through experiments, our work achieves low power in each region divided by saliency and in the segmented regions in each saliency region, while maintaining human visual satisfaction for saliency. In addition, it maintains good image distortion quality while removing artifacts efficiently.
... Another important low-power OLED technique is color transformation. Jin et al. searched the optimal HVS-aware and low-power direction in the CIE Lab color space for general images and developed an assessment metric by combining hue, saturation, and power ratio for each direction on AMOLED display smartphones [22]. PARVAI is a grid-based low-power color transformation technique, which employs hue and saturation constraints and splits a screen into multiple grids [23]. ...
In recent years, people have wanted to watch high dynamic range imagery which can give high human visual satisfaction on smartphones and demand longer smartphone battery time. However, compression of dynamic range using tone-mapping operators is required in smartphones because most smartphone displays currently have a low dynamic range, and this causes loss of local contrast and details to compress dynamic range. Thus, in this paper we propose a novel dynamic voltage scaling scheme tightly coupled with a modified tone-mapping operator to achieve high power saving as well as good human perceptuality on an AMOLED display smartphone. In order to perform a human perceptuality-aware voltage control, we control display panel voltage to save power consumption and use a well-adjusted global tone-mapping operator to convert image brightness and unsharp masking to enhance local contrast and details and control. We implement the proposed scheme on the AMOLED display Android smartphone and experiment with various high dynamic range image databases. Experimental results show that not only tone-mapped images but also general images are improved in terms of human visual satisfaction and power saving, compared to conventional techniques.
... Since the initial development of highly efficient and low-voltage organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) [11], the technology has evolved rapidly, permitting the fabrication of highly sophisticated active-matrix organic light emitting diodes (AMOLEDs) which are nowadays present in smartphones, tablets and displays [12]. Polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) are similar devices which were later developed [13] by replacing the vacuum-evaporated small molecule active layers by solution-processed conjugated polymer films with the pledge of improved processability and compatibility to more versatile deposition methods like spin-coating, ink-jet printing and roll-to-roll [2,14]. ...
Polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells (PLECs) are organic electronic devices which operating mechanism depends on the injection and transport of electronic charge carrier and the electrochemical doping of the organic semiconductor. The details of the interactions between the salt (or its ions) and the semiconducting polymer composing the device active layer provide important information about the electronic processes associated to the device operation in steady-state. In this context, the present paper proposes a study where theoretical results from Density Functional Theory (DFT) were obtained for three different steady-state operational regimes: i) without external voltage, in which the undissociated salt molecules interact with uncharged semiconducting polymer; ii) for applied voltages lower than the device turn-on (V<Eg/e), in which dissociated ions interact with uncharged semiconducting polymer; iii) for applied voltages higher than the turn-on (V>Eg/e), in which the dissociated ions interact with charged semiconducting polymer. In addition, the theoretical results have been confronted with experimental results of PLECs fabricated using different salt concentrations. For both theoretical and experimental approaches, we considered lithium triflate as the salt compound and poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(1,4-vinylenephenylene)] (F8PV) as the semiconducting polymer. We observed substantial changes in the electronic structure of the systems at the different operating regimes, which were interpreted in terms of the electronic charge injection from the electrodes and the electrochemical doping of the semiconducting polymer.
In order to efficiently manage the power consumed by the display, there is a need for a system that can accurately predict the power consumed according to displayed image. Existing AMOLED display power models do not consider the effects of I-R drop, a voltage drop along the VDD line. Therefore, when the existing power model is applied to a recent AMOLED display panel which has a large physical size and uses a large current, power consumption cannot be accurately predicted. In this paper, we propose a new model to compensate for the I-R drop at the software level and present a more accurate method for predicting AMOLED display power consumption by applying it to existing AMOLED display power models. To verify this, we conducted extensive experiments using the proposed method for various image databases on AMOLED display panels of SAMSUNG Galaxy S7 and S9. When comparing the proposed display power model connected with the I-R drop compensation model with conventional power models, it is confirmed that the proposed power model improves the accuracy by up to 70.3% over them.
