Table 1 - uploaded by Lawrence Hart
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The Niger Delta Area of Nigeria has undergone several alterations in her environment through various projects development including oil and gas exploration, dredging and mining activities. These activities have continued to impact the environment as relevant organs of the government deliberately down play the relationship between environmental degr...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... is to this extent that many conferences, conventions, treaties and protocols were initiated to protect the world environment. From the foregoing, Table 1 shows the applicable international laws and regulations as enunciated above. It showed the effective date of the promulgation of these laws, its purpose and responsible organizations. ...
Citations
... The rate of pollution in one of Nigeria's projected world heritage sites -the Niger-Delta Mangroves (a storehouse of biodiversity, food, energy and mineral resources) violates these international protocols. Consistent regulation of the nation's environment and adherence to these conventions is decisive in determining Nigeria's influence, and these are significant soft power ratings today (Lawrence & Sika 2016, Odoh et al. 2017). ...
Nigeria has always been seen as a significant regional player in Africa, and the country has not hidden its aspiration to be its leader. However, recent events, particularly in the fourth republic between 1999 and to date, have seen this ambition decline significantly. The study interrogates Nigeria’s soft power leadership capability as contemporary power diffusion theory and its ambition to be a regional leader in Africa. It examines various ways Nigeria can rethink its soft power strategies to achieve its age-long regional aspiration. The qualitative research method was adopted for the study, while primary and secondary sources were used in collecting data for the research. Findings reveal that Nigeria’s neglect and underutilisation of its strategic soft power tools in gaining regional influence continue to inhibit its African leadership ambitions. The study recommends a dynamic policy of developing and deploying significant soft power resources to boost Nigeria’s leadership in Africa.
... Environmental Impact Assessment comprise of the decisions, processes, and procedures employed to ensure environmental protection in the sustainable extraction and use of natural resources in infrastructural development for social and economic benefit of man and his society [14]. It is aimed at determining the effects of modernization processes such as industrialization, urbanization, oil and other mineral exploration and extraction; construction of transportation and housing infrastructures, cultural heritage etc. on the existing equilibrium environment from project conception to post completion [15]. EIA analyzes and evaluates the impacts human activities can have on environment with a view to ensuring sustainability in harmony with human welfare and conservation of the ecosystem. ...
Agenda 2030 of the UN General assembly (2015) has set out 17 target goals to address present most critical global challenges building on the 8 millennium development goals (2000) which actions were for low income countries except MDG 8 (global partnership) that held rich countries responsible for their actions. Sub-Saharan Africa and Nigeria in particular lagged behind in execution and success can best be put at average. Focus on national averages with total disregard to the most vulnerable, marginalized and poor in the communities such as the Niger Delta where exclusion in all its ramifications have held sway has obscured the effects on different groups. The SDGs with universal applicability has the fundamental objectives to guarantee environmental sustainability, economic growth and social inclusion. Environmental impact assessment is a management and regulatory tool for sustainable development if fully implemented. The social and health impact assessment processes aside from the bi-seasonal biophysical data gathering to establish the environmental status of the soil, air, and marine ecosystems provides a platform for partnerships at local, regional, national and global levels. In Nigeria since the FEPA EIA Act of 1992 which has been subsumed into the Federal Ministry of Environment Act, CAP E12, EIA has become a household name but actual implementation is just to issue a PERMIT for project execution. Experience in the Niger Delta has shown that environmental impact assessment is often commissioned after project implementation has attained 50% and it is not uncommon to find EIA being carried out on completed projects rather than carrying out post impact assessment (PIA). To achieve the objectives of the sustainable development goals, attitudinal change is inevitable. Gap analysis, quantification of strategic action plans and a stronger sense of ownership in the environmental impact assessment before and during the entire project lifecycle from conceptualization, screening and scoping through incorporation of the environmental management plan into the project design prior to commencement, monitoring and post impact assessment upon project completion is the antidote that guarantees biophysical, health and socioeconomic equity for a prosperous, safe and sustainable society.
Rural communities in developing countries have relied on natural resources to support daily livelihoods, thus conserving biodiversity and when these environmental resources are mis-managed, it usually births negative impacts and, in some form, posing a developmental problem. Human wellbeing and its implications pertaining to environmental resource management and exposure to environmental threats have caused many to lose their means of livelihood, generating a high degree of poverty that remains a serious problem as global demand for natural resources increases. Participation of different sects; (local communities inclusive) has shown to be critical to a nation’s ability to maximize the potential of its available resources. Maximization or management of these natural resources generally leads to greater economic development of the nation; as man’s well- being and maintenance of his livelihood can be said to be inextricably linked to the natural resource base. As a result, there is a worldwide concern for natural resource protection and conservation in order for man to continue to support his livelihood. It is in the light of the foregoing that the role of local communities in natural and environmental resources management is pivotal. This study assessed the threatened natural resources as a result of man’s different activities and urged the local communities in Nigeria to prioritize natural resource conservation. This indicated that industrialisation and its attendant urbanisation have had a severe impact on man's environment, including loss of biodiversity, increased greenhouse warming, desertification, drought, water and air pollution, and hazardous waste accumulation. It is considered that well-managed natural resources will provide economic, social, visual, and aesthetic benefits that will ensure the residents' sound and qualitative health.
Rural communities in developing countries have relied on natural resources to support daily livelihoods, thus conserving biodiversity and when these environmental resources are mis-managed, it usually births negative impacts and, in some form, posing a developmental problem. Human wellbeing and its implications pertaining to environmental resource management and exposure to environmental threats have caused many to lose their means of livelihood, generating a high degree of poverty that remains a serious problem as global demand for natural resources increases. Participation of different sects; (local communities inclusive) has shown to be critical to a nation’s ability to maximize the potential of its available resources. Maximization or management of these natural resources generally leads to greater economic development of the nation; as man’s wellbeing and maintenance of his livelihood can be said to be inextricably linked to the natural resource base. As a result, there is a worldwide concern for natural resource protection and conservation in order for man to continue to support his livelihood. It is in the light of the foregoing that the role of local communities in natural and environmental resources management is pivotal. This study assessed the threatened natural resources as a result of man’s different activities and urged the local communities in Nigeria to prioritize natural resource conservation. This indicated that industrialisation and its attendant urbanisation have had a severe impact on man's environment, including loss of biodiversity, increased greenhouse warming, desertification, drought, water and air pollution, and hazardous waste accumulation. It is considered that well-managed natural resources will provide economic, social, visual, and aesthetic benefits that will ensure the residents' sound and qualitative health. Using the doctrinal method of research in line with primary and secondary based sources, this research would address the above issues, analyse its findings and proffering recommendations.
Trans-boundary environmental impact occurs where development projects in one country or state have extra-territorial effect on neighbouring state and this aspect of environmental law falls squarely within the purview of international environmental law. This paper examines the prevention of trans-boundary environmental impact, legal framework and challenges of implementation in Nigeria and generally. The paper adopts a doctrinal approach. The paper discusses trans-boundary environmental impact and its origin in Nigeria. The paper notes that the first trans-boundary environmental impact in Nigeria happened in 1988 and prior to that there was no substantive environmental legislation in place. The paper evaluates the existing domestic and international legal frameworks and discovers that the substantive domestic law in Nigeria, lacks the necessary impetus to address environmental impact of a trans-boundary nature. The paper further finds that the international framework are not complemented by strong, substantive international law. Some of these treaties are married by vague language and weak enforcement mechanisms. The paper notes that there are several challenges preventing implementation of trans-boundary EIA and includes cost of trans-boundary EIA, limited access to document in the affected areas and unwillingness of the public to participate with an activity in another state. The paper recommends that the existing legal frameworks both at the national and international fora should be supported by strong substantive laws to enable implementation and concludes that the challenges can be overcome by specifying the parameters for determining the significance of effects, encourage public participation and dispute resolution mechanisms. Key Words: Environment, Assessment, Impact, Prevention, Challenges, Implementation
The paper discusses the issues of international cooperation on environmental issues in Nigeria: the role of international agreements in the field of environmental ecology; basic principles of international cooperation in the field of environmental protection; environmental education in Nigeria; principles of environmental project management; and a number of measures to reduce atmospheric pollution. The issues of coordination both between the state and between international organizations dealing with similar problems, as well as issues of mutually beneficial cooperation in the field of environmental ecology are considered in the research paper. The issues under consideration acquire particular relevance in connection with the discussion of the possibility of nuclear power plant building in Nigeria.
