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Antioxidant effects of various solvent extracts from Ampelopsis japonica determined by DPPH, ABTS, superoxide radical scavenging, and FRAP assays.
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The dried root of Ampelopsis japonica (Thunb.) Makino (A. japonica.) is a traditional medicine used to treat fever, pain, and wound healing. It exhibits anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antityrosinase, and antimelanogenic activities. In this paper, we used different solvent extracts from the root of A. japonica to determine their antioxidant activity....
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Context 1
... acetone extract (SC 50 = 54.88 ± 4.04 µg/mL) showed strong DPPH radical scavenging activity, followed by methanol (SC 50 = 84.73 ± 7.82 µg/mL), ethanol (SC 50 = 87.12 ± 6.45 µg/mL), ethyl acetate (SC 50 = 92.14 ± 8.12 µg/mL), and water (SC 50 = 98.54 ± 7.09 µg/mL), as shown in Table 2. In addition, the extracts of n-hexane, chloroform, and dichloromethane had no significant effect (SC 50 > 200 µg/mL). ...Context 2
... 4.74 µg/mL), ethanol (SC 50 = 64.56 ± 4.80 µg/mL), and water (SC 50 = 99.30 ± 7.02 µg/mL), as shown in Table 2. In addition, dichloromethane, chloroform, and n-hexane extracts had no significant effect (SC 50 > 200 µg/mL). ...Context 3
... the result in Table 2, all extracts of A. japonica were tested for their superoxide radical scavenging activity. Notably, the results exhibited that, except for methanol (SC 50 = 290.83 ...Citations
... Therefore, cholinesterase inhibitors are effective remedies for the asymptomatic treatment of AD. In addition, commonly used synthetic anti-AD drugs, such as tacrine, donepezil, and rivastigmine [12], herbal medicines might be exploited to treat this disease without causing adverse effects [13]. ...
The present study examined the biological potential and phytochemicals of Sophora mollis,
Mucuna pruriens, and Indigofera atropurpurea methanolic leaf extracts. In vitro antiacetylcholinesterase
and anti-lipase assays were performed using different concentrations of plant
extracts, and the IC50 values were determined. The cytotoxic potential of the selected plant extracts
was assessed against HeLa, PC3, and 3T3 cell lines using an MTT assay. S. mollis leaf extract
displayed the highest inhibition percentage (114.60 % ± 19.95 at 1000 μg/mL) for the antiacetylcholinesterase
activity with a prominent IC50 value of 75.9 μg/mL. The anti-lipase potential
was highest with the M. pruriens leaf extract (355.5 μg/mL IC50), followed by the S. mollis extract
(862.7 μg/mL IC50). Among the cell lines tested, the cytotoxic potential of the I. atropurpurea extract (91.1 ppm IC50) against the PC3 cell line was promising. High-performance liquid
chromatography revealed gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, rutin trihydrate,
and quercetin dihydrate in varying concentrations in all plant species. The concentration of
chlorogenic acid (69.09 ppm) was highest in M. pruriens, and the caffeic acid concentration (45.20
ppm) was higher in S. mollis. This paper reports the presence of bioactive therapeutic compounds
in selected species of the Fabaceae family that could be micro-propagated, isolated, and utilized
in pharmaceutical industries.
... Radical scavenging activity (%) = (Abscontrol − Abssample)/Abscontrol × 100 2.4.2. Measurement of ABTS Cation Radical Scavenging Activity ABTS cation radical scavenging ability was measured using Liang et al.'s method, with slight modifications [17]. The reaction of an equal volume of 7 mM ABTS (2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt) solution with 2.45 mM potassium persulfate in the dark for 18 h produced an ABTS cationic radical. ...
The Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii (CCS) plant grows predominantly in temperate regions of Asian countries, such as South Korea. Research on CCS has so far concentrated on the nutritional analysis, antioxidant activity, and anti-inflammation properties of its branches. However, the isolation of compounds and structural elucidation of effective single molecules remain unexplored, necessitating further exploration of CCS branches. Therefore, this study demonstrates the antioxidant and antimelanogenic activity of a single substance of ethyl gallate (EG) isolated from CCS branch extracts. Notably, the antimelanogenic (whitening) activity of EG extracted from CCS branches remains unexplored. Tyrosinase inhibition, kinetic enzyme assays, and molecular docking studies were conducted using mushroom tyrosinase in order to examine the antioxidant mechanism and antimelanin activity of EG in B16F10 melanoma cells. Nontoxic EG concentrations were found to be below 5 µg/mL. While EG significantly reduced the levels of whitening-associated proteins, p-CREB, and p-PKA, it dose-dependently inhibited the expression of TYR, TRP-1, TRP-2, and transcription factor (MITF). In addition, EG downregulated melanogenetic gene expression and activated autophagy signals. Therefore, EG extracted from CCS branches could serve as a novel functional cosmetic material with antimelanogenic and autophagy-enhancing activity.
... At a concentration of 1 mg/mL, compounds 3 and 8 were singled out as the most potent inhibitors of the AChE with high percentages of inhibition (>68%, Figure 3) which were comparable to the activity of donepezil (a commercial drug). Compound 3, a natural organic acid which distributed widely in natural organisms, was also found to be an efficient AChEi in the previous reports [26][27]. Interestingly, as analogues of 3, compounds 4 and 5 showed weak inhibitory activity, indicating that the free carboxyl group on the benzene ring is 24 crucial for AChE inhibitory activity. ...
... The ABTS stock solution was reacted with 7 mM potassium persulfate (final concentration), and the mixture was left at room temperature for 12-16 h before use to generate ABTS radicals. Radical scavenging was measured by mixing 200 μL of each sample and 1000 μL ABTS solution [16]. Mixtures were left for 15 min in the dark, and absorbance was measured at 730 nm with the SCINCO UV-Vis spectrophotometer S-3100 (Seoul, Korea). ...
Yuzu (Citrus junos) is a citrus plant native to Asian countries, including South Korea, Japan, and China. Yuzu peel and seed contain abundant vitamin C, citric acid, and polyphenols. Although the antioxidative and antimelanogenic activities of other citrus fruits and yuzu extract have been reported, the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the limonoid aglycone contained in yuzu seed extract is unknown. We separated yuzu seeds into the husk, shell, and meal and evaluated antioxidant activity of each. The limonoid glucoside fraction of the husk identified nomilin, a novel tyrosinase inhibitor. We performed tyrosinase inhibitory activity and noncompetitive inhibition assays and docking studies to determine nomilin binding sites. Furthermore, we evaluated the antioxidative mechanism and antimelanogenic activity of nomilin in B16F10 melanoma cells. The concentration of nomilin that did not show toxicity was <100 µg/mL. Nomilin suppressed protein expression of TYR, TRP-1, TRP-2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) in a concentration-dependent manner. Nomilin significantly reduced the levels of p-CREB and p-PKA at the protein level and decreased the levels of skin-whitening-related factors MITF, tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2 at the mRNA level in a concentration-dependent manner. Thus, nomilin from yuzu seed husk can be used as a skin-whitening agent in cosmetics.
Plant extracts are increasingly recognized for their potential in modulating (postprandial) blood glucose levels. In this context, root extracts are of particular interest due to their high concentrations and often unique spectrum of plant bioactives. To identify new plant species with potential glucose-lowering activity, simple and robust methodologies are often required. For this narrative review, literature was sourced from scientific databases (primarily PubMed) in the period from June 2022 to January 2024. The regulatory targets of glucose homeostasis that could be modulated by bioactive plant compounds were used as search terms, either alone or in combination with the keyword "root extract". As a result, we present a comprehensive methodological toolbox for studying the glucose homeostasis modulating properties of plant extracts and its constituents. The described assays encompass in-vitro investigations involving enzyme inhibition (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, dipeptidyl peptidase 4), assessment of sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 activity, and evaluation of glucose transporter 4 translocation. Furthermore, we describe a patch-clamp technique to assess the impact of extracts on K ATP channels. While validating in-vitro findings in living organisms is imperative, we introduce two screenable in-vivo models (the hen's egg test and Drosophila melanogaster). Given that evaluation of the bioactivity of plant extracts in rodents and humans represents the current gold standard, we include approaches addressing this aspect.
The literature on the use of medicinal plants in wound healing was comprehensively searched to obtain and assess the data. The data were procured via clinical studies that utilized medicinal plants and their compounds in vitro and in vivo for wound healing. This review collected data from electronic databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, SciFinder, Thesis, and Scopus, using the search terms “natural products”, “wound healing”, and “natural compounds”, along with the keywords “plants”, “extracts”, and “phytochemicals”. Results from the last decade reveal a total of 62 families and 109 genera of medicinal plants, and their compounds have been studied experimentally both in vivo and in vitro and clinically found to effectively promote healing. This activity is related to the presence of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds, which act at different stages through different mechanisms to exert anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effects, confirming that the use of medicinal plants could be an adequate alternative to current conventional practices for treating wounds.
