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Antif�n�al effect of ethanolic and hexane extracts of aerial parts of Juniperus lucayana
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Ethanolic and hexane extracts from the aerial parts of Juniperus lucayana were assayed against the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinérea by the poisoned food technique. The hexane extract showed to have a higher antifungal activity than ethanolic extract. Fractionation of hexane extract by silica gel open column chromatography and HPLC afforded s...
Citations
... Many terpenoid compounds identified to be constitutively emitted from plant leaves have been reported to have an antibacterial or anti-fungal effect on various species [19][20][21][22]. For example, ethanolic and hexane extracts from the aerial parts of Juniperus lucayana, with sesquiterpenes as the dominant compounds, were documented to have an anti-fungal effect on Botrytis cinerea [23]. In our study, it had been shown that enzymatic products of three SmMTPSLs (SmMTPSL23, -33, and -37) significantly inhibited the growth of S. aureus, with an inhibition rate of 13.6%, 7.6%, and 11.4%, respectively ( Figure 7A). ...
Selaginella moellendorffii is a lycophyte, a member of an ancient vascular plant lineage. Two distinct types of terpene synthase (TPS) genes were identified from this species, including S. moellendorffii TPS genes (SmTPSs) and S. moellendorffii microbial TPS-like genes (SmMTPSLs). The goal of this study was to investigate the biochemical functions of SmMTPSLs. Here, eight full-length SmMTPSL genes (SmMTPSL5, -15, -19, -23, -33, -37, -46, and -47) were functionally characterized from S. moellendorffii. Escherichia coli-expressed recombinant SmMTPSLs were tested for monoterpenes synthase and sesquiterpenes synthase activities. These enzymatic products were typical monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes that have been previous shown to be generated by typical plant TPSs when provided with geranyl diphosphate (GPP) and farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) as the substrates. Meanwhile, SmMTPSL23, -33, and -37 were up-regulated when induced by alamethicin (ALA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA), suggesting a role for these genes in plants response to abiotic stresses. Furthermore, this study pointed out that the terpenoids products of SmMTPSL23, -33, and -37 have an antibacterial effect on Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and Staphylococcus aureus. Taken together, these results provide more information about the catalytic and biochemical function of SmMTPSLs in S. moellendorffii plants.
... In our study (bioautography), the MIC of the HF from the nursery plants of D. cuneata was 10 mg/mL against C. gloeosporioides and C. truncatum. On the other hand, the HF of the aerial parts (0.5 mg/ mL) of Juniperus lucayana inhibited 61.5% of the fungal growth of Botritys cinerea, a pathogen of fruits and vegetables (Ortiz-N uñez et al., 2010). In our study, the antifungal activity observed in the AE's and HF's of leaves from D. cuneata, collected either wild or from the nursery, could offer an advantage for future technological development of the extracts of D. cuneata since it produces a wide group of antifungal metabolites (both polar and non-polar). ...
The synthetic fungicides used in agriculture cause environmental and human health problems and favor the rise of resistant fungal strains. An alternative to decrease this negative impact is those products derived from native plants. Nevertheless, anthropogenic activities cause the loss of native plants with biotechnological potential, and the ex situ conservation is one way to protect them even though their biological activity may decrease in comparison with wild plants. Diospyros cuneata Standl., native species from the coastal dune of Yucatan, was collected in dry and rainy seasons from wild and nursery plants. The antifungal activity of its leaves aqueous extracts (AE) was tested against six phytopathogenic fungi through a dilution method, including four AE. The antifungal activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides of the AE of the dry season from wild and nursery plants was similar and higher than those of the rainy season. A liquid-liquid partition chromatographic technique was used to obtain organic fractions. The hexane fraction (HF) of wild and nursery plants of the dry season inhibited the germination of C. gloeosporioides and C. truncatum (Syn. C. capsici) spores. The chromatographic analysis of AE from the wild plant of the dry season indicated that the abundance of metabolites was the highest. The bioautography showed that in both fungi the most active zone corresponds to the HF of the nursery plants.
... Aflatoxigenic fungi, including Aspergillus flavus and A. niger were inhibited by various fractions of Juniperus bark and leaf extracts [23]. Also, Botrytis cinerea as phytopathogen was inhibited by extracts of aerial parts of J. lucayana [24]. Besides these fungi, human-pathogenic fungi are inhibited by Juniperus extract [25]. ...
... The reasons of antifungal activity of J. procera were studied, which may due to the presence of sandaracopimaric acid [24], diterpenes totarol, ferruginol, 7β-hydroxyabieta-8, 13dien-11,12-dione, and 4-epiabetol [22]. Different kinds of diterpenes including labdane, abietane, and pimarane have been extracted from J. procera fruits which showed nematicidal and antiparasitic activities [29]. ...
Several plant extracts and their phytoconstituents are known as a promising alternative to chemically synthetic antimicrobial agents due to the presence of diverse active components and its limited side effects. GC-MS of Juniperus procera leaf and fruit extracts revealed the presence of various ingredients. Based on the antifungal results, leaf extract of J. procera at 100 mg/ml showed 35.83 and 44.09% growth inhibition, but increased to 50.55 and 59.06% after addition of 50 ppm silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against Aspergillus fumigatus and Fusarium chlamydosporum, respectively. Fungal growth was induced at low concentration (25 mg/ml) and negligible inhibition was observed at 100 mg/ml of fruit extract. Nivalenol production was inhibited to 72.79% and 78.03% with using 100 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml respectively, and completely inhibited at 25 mg/ml leaf extract. Fumagillin was also completely inhibited at 25 and 50 mg/ml leaf extract, but 25 mg/ml leaf extract stimulated gliotoxin (25.96 ppm) and neosolaniol production (55.36 ppm). Nivalenol and gliotoxin production was decreased while neosolaniol completely inhibited with using J. procera fruit extract. The combination of AgNPs with J. procera fruit extract inhibited effectively the gliotoxin and nivalenol mycotoxins production than extract alone. Results indicated that there is no relationship between fungal growth and mycotoxins production. The existence of different compounds in J. procera may reflect its pharmacological properties.
... Many apolar secondary metabolites detected from C. morifolium, especially terpenoids, are known to have antimicrobial activities [21][22][23][24][25]. To evaluate the antimicrobial properties of the apolar secondary metabolites from C. morifolium leaves, we tested three species of pathogenic fungi, Fusarium oxysporum, Magnaporthe oryzae, and Verticillium dahliae. ...
... Among these four cultivars, the extract of 'Bai xiang li' (Cm 13) exhibited an inhibitive effect on the growth of all three species of fungi, while 'Wan gong ju' (Cm 9), 'Su ju 9' (Cm 11), and 'Xiao huang ju' (Cm 10) showed the inhibitive effect only to M. oryzae. Many terpenoid compounds identified in C. morifolium leaves have been reported to have an antifungal effect on various species of fungi [21][22][23][24][25]. By comparing the PCA/HCA results based on terpenoid contents and antifungal activities, the antifungal effects of several cultivars (including 'Da yang ju' (Cm 5), 'Huang xiang li' (Cm 6), 'Huang ju' (Cm 8), 'She yang hong xin ju' (Cm 12)) could be associated with several terpenoids, including zingiberene, β-sesquiphellandrene, α-curcumene, (E)-β-farnesene, and α-farnesene. ...
Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat is an ornamental plant of worldwide cultivation. Like many other species in the family Asteraceae, C. morifolium is a rich producer of secondary metabolites. There are two objectives in this study: (I) to determine and compare the diversity of apolar secondary metabolites among different cultivars of C. morifolium and (II) to compare their properties as antifungal agents. To attain these objectives, we selected 13 cultivars of C. morifolium that are commonly used for making chrysanthemum tea as experimental materials. Leaves at the same developmental stage were collected from respective mature plants and subjected to organic extraction. The extracts were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. A total of 37 apolar secondary metabolites including 26 terpenoids were detected from the 13 cultivars. These 13 cultivars can be largely divided into three chemotypes based on chemical principal components analysis. Next, the extracts from the 13 cultivars were examined in in vitro assays for their antifungal properties against three species of pathogenic fungi: Fusarium oxysporum, Magnaporthe oryzae, and Verticillium dahliae. Significant variability in antifungal activity of the leaf extracts among different cultivars was observed. The 13 cultivars can be divided into four groups based on their antifungal activities, which could be partly correlated to the contents of terpenoids. In short, this study reveals large variations in chemical composition, particularly of terpenoids, of leaf secondary metabolites among different cultivars of C. morifolium and their different abilities in functioning as antifungal agents.
... The antifungal activity in this technique is observed as reduction in the mycelia growth of fungus in poisoned plates when compared to the control plates. It has been employed by several researchers to evaluate antifungal activity of plants [24,25,26,27].MIC and MFC values of any antifungal agent are very necessary to determine the doses against particular pathogenic microorganisms. It is well known that the inoculums size, the type of growth medium, the incubation time and the inoculums preparation method can influence MIC values [28,29]. ...
In this study antifungal activity of crude and partially purified extracts of Thevetia peruviana. Leaf extract has been assayed against Alternaria solani which is responsible for early blight of potato. Cold and hot extraction of leaf extract was prepared in different organic solvents, which were subsequently recycled by rotary vacuum evaporator. Antifungal activity of prepared plant extracts were determined by poison food technique. In cold extraction highestpercent extractive value was obtained with 100% aqueous extract and in hot extraction highest percent extractive value was obtained with 100% aqueous extract. In antifungal activity 100% alcohol crude extract and partial purified alcohol extract was show Maximum inhibition of alternaria solani. Mancozeb and bavistin were used as standards. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of alcohol fraction of Thavatia peruviana leaf extract was investigated against Alternaria solani. Results suggest that Thevetia peruviana. Leaf extract can be used to develop a bio control agent against Alternaria solani. The antifungal activity of the Thevetia peruviana due to the presence of various secondary metabolites. Hence, this plant can be used to discover bioactive natural products that may serve as leads in the development of new pharmaceuticals research activities. Diverse types of bioactive compoundsare produced by a large numberof plants which are known to have antimicrobial properties. These bioactive compounds are also known as secondary metabolites. For the development of herbal formulation from any plant presence of significant Phytochemical is a prime importance [1].These phytochemicals involves phenols, flavonoids, quinones, essential oils, alkaloids, sterols, thymol, coumarines and triterpenoids are untapped reservoirs of various valuable chemicals [2].Herbal plant formulations have preventive effect against plant pathogenic microbes. Research need to be focused on screening of plant extracts for antimicrobial activity in search of novel compounds which can be used to control fungal diseases of plants.
... Many terpenoid compounds identified to be constitutively emitted from C. iria leaves have been reported to have an anti-fungal effect on various species [9][10][11]. For example, ethanolic and hexane extracts from the aerial parts of Juniperus lucayana Britton, with sesquiterpenes as the dominant compounds, were documented to have an antifungal effect on Botrytis cinerea [28]. emitted from C. iria leaves have been reported to have an anti-fungal effect on various species [9][10][11]. ...
... emitted from C. iria leaves have been reported to have an anti-fungal effect on various species [9][10][11]. For example, ethanolic and hexane extracts from the aerial parts of Juniperus lucayana Britton, with sesquiterpenes as the dominant compounds, were documented to have an antifungal effect on Botrytis cinerea [28]. ...
Ricefield flatsedge (Cyperus iria L.), a troublesome weed in rice production, actively adapts to ecological niches. In this study, terpenoids were identified as the dominant compounds from organic extracts of C. iria leaves. To understand the role of terpenoid production in plant development and resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, the dynamics of terpenoid production at different developmental stages, and the regulation of these compounds by stresses were determined. Terpenoid production exhibited temporal and spatial specificity. During vegetative growth, the total concentration of sesquiterpenoids increased and reached a maximum at 70 d after germination, and then decreased until the emergence of inflorescence. Monoterpenoids were only detected from leaves 90 d after germination. During reproductive growth, the total concentration of sesquiterpenoids increased dramatically and mainly accumulated in inflorescences, indicating that the sesquiterpenoids were primarily produced in newly formed and actively growing tissues. The total amount of monoterpenoids, mostly accumulated in flowers, increased until 130 d after germination. Furthermore, accumulation of sesquiterpenoids in leaves was promoted significantly by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and drought treatment. Infestation by beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua, BAW) promoted the emission of total sesquiterpenoids significantly and induced the production of more monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids specifically. Furthermore, volatiles from C. iria leaves had an anti-fungal effect on Fusarium graminearum. The implications of our findings on the biosynthetic pathways leading to the production of sesquiterpenoids in C. iria as well as their potential as fungicides are discussed.
... Indeed, the presence of all these compounds is possibly important from the ethnopharmacological and nutraceutical standpoints. In fact, sandaracopimaric acid (3) exerts an antifungal activity [22]. 7"-O-methyl-agathisflavone (5) shows antiviral properties against HSV-1 and HSV-2 [23], as well as inhibiting properties on DNA topoisomerases II-α and K562 leukemia cells [24]. ...
Abstract: In this work, the half-matured female cones of the rare species, Wollemia nobilis, were studied for their phytochemical
profile for the first time. Fourteen compounds were isolated and identified by means of column chromatography, Nuclear Magnetic
Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry (MS). In particular, these compounds were acetyl-isocupressic acid (1),
methyl-(E)-communate (2), sandaracopimaric acid (3), wollemol (4), 7''-O-methyl-agathisflavone (5),
7,4'''-di-O-methyl-agathisflavone (6), shikimic acid (7), quinic acid (8), glucose (9), sucrose (10), raffinose (11), D-lactic acid (12),
succinic acid (13) and alanine (14). The chemotaxonomic implications of their presence were discussed and a preliminary
phytochemical comparison between these cones and the male ones was also performed. This evidenced several similarities but also
some differences that were widely treated about. Moreover, a preliminary nutraceutical evaluation of these cones, based on
phytochemistry, was carried out. Actually, this showed a good nutraceutical potentiality of the half-matured cones but also some
potential critical state mainly due to the occurrence of acetyl-isocupressic acid (1), which is quite known to have some adverse
pharmacological effects. For this reason, more in-depth nutraceutical studies would be necessary to exactly determine the
ethnopharmacological and nutraceutical value of these cones.
... , similar findings were reported byPirzada et al. (2005).Pankaj et al. (2010) reported that the different fractions of Juniperus leaves and bark inhibit the growth of aflatoxigenic A. flavus and A. niger at concentrations ranged from 1000 to 4000 ppm of methanolic extract. The antifungal properties of J. procera may due to the presence of sandaracopimaric acid(Mossa et al., 1992;Ortiz-Nunez, 2010), diterpenes totarol, ferruginol, 7β-hydroxyabieta-8, 13-dien-11,12-dione, and 4-epiabetol ...
... Extracts from the aerial parts of J. lucayana were assayed against phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea. The hexane extract showed to have a higher antifungal activity than ethanolic extract [29]. Pirzada et al. [30] studied the effect of ethanol, methanol, ethylacetate, chloroform and aqueous extracts of Juniperus against the human pathogenic fungi (Aspergillus niger and A. flavus). ...
... Pankaj et al. [28] reported that the different fractions of Juniperus leaves and bark inhibit the growth of aflatoxigenic A. flavus and A. niger at concentrations ranged from 1000 to 4000 ppm of methanolic extract. The antifungal properties of J. procera may due to the presence of sandaracopimaric acid [29,49], diterpenes totarol, ferruginol, 7βhydroxyabieta-8, 13-dien-11,12-dione, and 4-epiabetol [50]. with chemical fungicide (Carbomar). ...
... Moreover, these agents are toxic and are decomposed easily. Numerous literatures have highlighted the inhibitory effect of plants and their possible utilization for control of plant diseases (Singh et al., 2006;Shrestha and Tiwari, 2009;Farooq et al., 2010;Nunez 2010;Gupta and Tripathi, 2011). ...
... However, environmental concerns, costs, development of resistance in pathogens increased interest in alternatives such as plant Farooq et al. (2010) showed the efficacy of plant extracts against Sclerotium rolfsii, causative agent of root rot of sugar beet and observed maximum inhibition of the fungus by Azadirachta indica followed by Cassia fistula, Cannabis sativa and others. Nunez et al. (2010) observed the inhibitory effect of hexane and ethanol extracts of aerial parts of Juniperus lucayana against phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea by poisoned food technique. Gupta and Tripathi (2011) showed fungitoxic activity of Solanum torvum against Fusarium sacchari. ...
... The antifungal activity is observed as reduction in the mycelial growth of fungus in poisoned plates when compared to control plates. It has been employed by several researchers to evaluate antifungal activity of plants (Nunez et al., 2010;Gupta and Tripathi, 2011). In the present study, we have investigated the effect of aqueous extracts of leaf and pericarp of P. longifolia against mycelial growth of two pathogenic fungi F. oxysporum f.sp. ...
The aqueous extracts of leaf, unripe pericarp and ripe pericarp of
longifolia were assessed in vitro for inhibitory activity against
oxysporum f.sp. zingiberi and Pythium aphanidermatum
rhizome rot specimen of ginger. The antifungal activity was determined by
poison food technique. The extracts have shown dose dependent inhibition
of mycelial growth of test fungi. The extracts were more effective in inhibiting
F. oxysporum than P. aphanidermatum
fungi to maximum extent followed by unripe pericarp extract and leaf extract
respectively. The extracts of P. longifolia
rhizome rot pathogens. Further, field experiments are to be carried out to
recommend the extracts against the disease.
