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Antibiotic resistance/sensitivity profile of bacterial strains isolated from pediatric patients' (aged 0-6 yrs) samples at Shaikh Zayed Hospital and Children Hospital, Lahore, suffering from UTI. Samples from Shaikh Zayed Hospital were represented by suffix "S" and from Children Hospital by suffix "C".
Source publication
The common prevalent diseases in the age of 0 to 6 are related to urinary tract infections. If not properly diagnosed, they will lead to urological and nephrological complications. Uropathogens are developing resistance against most drugs and are harder to treat. A study was done on the inpatients and outpatients of the two hospitals located in Lah...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... the case of collistine sulphate (SZH) and polymyxin B (CH), 100% susceptibility in the tested strains was recorded. Bacterial isolates from both hospitals displayed different resistance and sensitivity percentages for the other tested antibiotics (Fig- ure 4). In the case of SZH, bacterial strains were also tested for other antibiotics where, against imipenem, 28% of the bacterial strains showed resistance and 72% showed sensitivity. ...
Context 2
... gentamycin, 37% of the tested bacterial strains showed resistance. Similarly, approximately 77 (nalidixic acid), 81 (pipedemic acid, norfloxaxin), 55 (tobramycin), 94 (co-trimoxazole), and 61% (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid) of the total strains showed resistance against the respective antibiotics (Figure 4). ...
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Carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is becoming a more significant pathogen because of the grave clinical risk it poses which affects patient’s treatment outcome. This study aimed to survey for carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) among patients attending Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano State, Nigeria. A total of 600 clinical...
Citations
... The resistance pattern of third generation cephalosporins was higher than those of meropenem and imipenem. These results are consistent with the previous studies [23,24]. The resistance patterns of both groups (ward and OPD) of the isolates showed higher resistance to penicillin, cephalosporins, and quinolones. ...
Antibiotic resistance in uropathogens has increased substantially and severely affected treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Lately, some new formulations, including meropenem/vaborbactam (MEV), ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA), and ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) have been introduced to treat infections caused by drug-resistant pathogens. This study was designed to screen Enterobacteriales isolates from UTI patients and to assess their antimicrobial resistance pattern, particularly against the mentioned (new) antibiotics. Phenotypic screening of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenem resistance was followed by inhibitor-based assays to detect K. pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC), metallo-β-lactamase (MBL), and class D oxacillinases (OXA). Among 289 Enterobacteriales, E. coli (66.4%) was the most predominant pathogen, followed by K. pneumoniae (13.8%) and P. mirabilis (8.3%). The isolates showed higher resistance to penicillins and cephalosporins (70–87%) than to non-β-lactam antimicrobials (33.2–41.5%). NDM production was a common feature among carbapenem-resistant (CR) isolates, followed by KPC and OXA. ESBL producers were susceptible to the tested new antibiotics, but NDM-positive isolates appeared resistant to these combinations. KPC-producers showed resistance to only C/T. ESBLs and carbapenemase encoding genes were located on plasmids and most of the genes were successfully transferred to recipient cells. This study revealed that MEV and CZA had significant activity against ESBL and KPC producers.
... Enterococci, Klebsiella species, and Proteus mirabilis account for a small percentage of overall infections. Cystitis caused by bacteria begins with the colonization of the peri-urethral skin and the anterior urethra before getting into the bladder [9]. Uropathogenic E. coli demonstrates specific virulence factors, which allow them to adhere to vaginal and uroepithelial cells, repel bactericidal activity of human serum, prevent phagocytosis by leucocytes, and production of specific cytotoxins for tissue invasion [10]. ...
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) pose a significant burden on public health, affecting millions of individuals worldwide; on average, a typical Ugandan female will have an infection once a month. Understanding their epidemiology is crucial for targeted interventions. This systematic review and meta- analysis sought to synthesize existing literature on urinary tract infections in Uganda, providing a comprehensive overview of its prevalence. On June 24th, 2023 we searched two bibliographic databases PubMed and Scopus to identify studies conducted in Uganda that reported urinary tract infections. The main concepts related to this research, “urinary tract infections, “prevalence”; “Uganda” were expanded with their variations and combined using Boolean operators (AND, OR) to formulate the final search query. The selection and inclusion of studies followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis. This study found the national pooled prevalence of urinary tract infection in Uganda to be 24.92% (95% CI: 23.407 - 26.479; I2 = 98.85 [98.56% - 99.08%]) with Northern Uganda having the highest pooled prevalence 71.94% (63.70 - 79.23). The predominant isolates are Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Gram-negative bacteria uropathogens were dominants across most studies except for Odongo et al., 2013: 53.66% (95% CI: [42.30 - 64.75] I2: 93.3% [89.9 - 95.4]) and Calzada et al., 2022: 76.4% (95% CI: [66.22 - 85.76] I2: 93.3% [89.9 - 95.4]) which had Gram-positive bacteria as the dominant bacteria with more female more affected than men. This study found a high pool prevalence of UTIs in Uganda with Northern and Western Uganda having the highest prevalence. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the common bacteria while a recent study in 2022 reported
Gram-positive bacteria as the predominant bacteria. More studies should be done in the Central and Eastern regions of Uganda. Further studies should recruit more males to ascertain the prevalence of UTIs among males as many studies had focused on and recruited more females than males.
Introduction
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common infection of the pediatric age group. Several factors linked to higher prevalence include poor personal hygiene, improper sanitation, lower socioeconomic status, and malnourishment. In addition to having a worse quality of life, the 1.8 million children who live in Karachi’s Korangi district are routinely exposed to such factors.
Objectives
The study aims to evaluate the frequency of UTI and distribution of uropathogens along with their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in patients presenting to a pediatric tertiary care center in the Korangi district of Karachi, Pakistan.
Design
The study employed an observational cross-sectional design.
Methods
The study was conducted at the Microbiology laboratory of Sindh Institute of Child Health and Neonatology, Karachi, Pakistan from 1st January to 15th August 2023. Urine samples of patients 1 to 16 years of age were collected via midstream clean catch method and of patients from birth up to 1 year were collected in urine collection bags. The samples were cultured on Cystine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient (CLED) agar and antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion method.
Results
A total of 457 urine samples were collected, of which 90 (19.7%) were positive for significant uropathogens. With a mean age of 4.6 years, majority of the culture-positive patients were female (n = 72; 80%). Enterobacterales were the most frequently isolated (n = 88; 95.6%), of which Escherichia coli was the most common (73.9%; n = 68). Citrobacter (n = 7; 7.6%), Klebsiella (n = 6; 6.5%), Serratia (n = 4; 4.3%), Proteus (n = 2; 2.2%), Salmonella (n = 2; 2.2%), and Enterobacter (n = 1; 1.1%) were among the other Enterobacterales isolated. Meropenem and imipenem were the most effective in isolates from Enterobacterales (n = 88) followed by amikacin (n = 84), ciprofloxacin (n = 75), and piperacillin-tazobactam (n = 70). Ceftriaxone and cefixime exhibited moderate susceptibility (n = 69 and 52) whereas, amoxicillin-clavulanate was the least susceptible (n = 3).
Conclusion
We report high frequency of UTI in our pediatric population with uropathogens and associated antimicrobial susceptibility pattern confirming to the existing trends of pediatric UTIs in Pakistan. In addition to valuable insights for treating patients under similar conditions, our study serves as a catalyst for further multi-center research in this area.
