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Antibacterial effects of TBP-1-RGDS-hBD3-1, TBP-1-RGDS-hBD3-2, and TBP-1-RGDS-hBD3-3 against single-species (Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus gordonii, or Streptococcus sanguinis) biofilms. Biofilms treated with the three peptides (1/2 MIC) were incubated for (A) 24 hours or (B) 72 hours. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM; n=3. *P<0.01 compared with the control groups. Abbreviations: MIC, minimal inhibitory concentration; SEM, standard error of the mean.
Source publication
Background
Prevention of bacterial colonization remains a major challenge in the field of oral implant devices. Chimeric peptides with binding, antimicrobial, and osteogenesis motifs may provide a promising alternative for the inhibition of biofilm formation on titanium (Ti) surfaces.
Methods
In this study, chimeric peptides were designed by conne...
Citations
... 1,2 This biofilm helps microbial communities to protect themselves from deleterious conditions, predation, desiccation, and exposure to antibacterial substances, improved acquisition of nutrients and also as an important factor in the disease cycle of bacterial pathogens. [3][4][5][6] It has been reported that about 80% of the bacterial infections are caused by those bacteria living in the biofilm. 7 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a gram-negative, non-fermentative bacillus, and the ubiquitous bacterium, is an important opportunistic pathogen notorious for biofilm formation. ...
Background
Bacteria are able to form biofilm on the biotic and abiotic surfaces which helps to protect themselves from deleterious conditions, predation, desiccation, and exposure to antibacterial substances. About 80% of bacterial infections are caused by those bacteria living in the biofilm. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a gram-negative, non-fermentative bacillus, and the ubiquitous bacterium is an important opportunistic pathogen notorious for biofilm formation and is remarkably resistant against most antibiotics multiple front-line antibiotics, which significantly contributes to eradication failure. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the anti-biofilm formation activity of Ag@PPEs gainst P. aeruginosa bacteria.
Methods
An aqueous extract of black pomegranate peel was used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs@PPE). The characteristics, anti-biofilm formation and cell toxicity of AgNPs@PPE were examined in vitro.
Results
Absorbance at λmax 372 nm which is related to the surface plasmon resonance, confirms the AgNPs@PPE formation. XRD pattern showed the face-centered qubic (fcc) crystalline structure of AgNPs. TEM images showed that spherical AgNPs size is ranged between 32 and 85 nm. The AgNPs@PPE showed inhibition effect against P. aeruginosa biofilm formation at 0.1 to 0.5 mg/ml concentrations. Cell toxicity assay showed that at 400 µg/ml, AgNPs@PPE were safe without a significant toxicity in L929 cell line.
Conclusion
These data indicate that co-treatment of PPE and AgNPs@PPE significantly decreased the biofilm formation rate. Furthermore, no significant toxicity of AgNPs@PPE was shown against L929 cell line at 400 µg/ml concentration.
... Titanium (Ti) and its alloys have been widely used in bone tissue engineering applications for decades because of their satisfactory biocompatibilities and excellent mechanical properties, especially for dental applications [1][2][3]. Among all of these properties, a rapid, strong and long-life bond between implant and bone is essential and fundamental [4]. ...
Titanium (Ti) and its alloys as bio-implants have excellent biocompatibilities and osteogenic properties after modification of chemical composition and topography via various methods. The corrosion resistance of these modified materials is of great importance for changing oral system, while few researches have reported this point. Recently, oxidative corrosion induced by cellular metabolites has been well concerned. In this study, we explored the corrosion behaviors of four common materials (commercially pure Ti, cp-Ti; Sandblasting and acid etching-modified Ti, Ti-SLA; nanowires-modified Ti, Ti-NW; and zinc-containing nanowires-modified Ti, Ti-NW-Zn) with excellent biocompatibilities and osteogenic capacities under the macrophages induced-oxidizing microenvironment. The results showed that the materials immersed into a high oxidizing environment were more vulnerable to corrode. Meanwhile, different surfaces also showed various corrosion susceptibilities under oxidizing condition. Samples embed with zinc element exhibited more excellent corrosion resistance compared with other three surfaces exposure to excessive H2O2. Besides, we found that zinc-decorated Ti surfaces inhibited the adhesion and proliferation of macrophages on its surface and induced the M2 states of macrophages to better healing and tissue reconstruction. Most importantly, zinc-decorated Ti surfaces markedly increased the expressions of antioxidant enzyme relative genes in macrophages. It improved the oxidation microenvironment around the materials and further protected their properties. In summary, our results demonstrated that Ti-NW-Zn surfaces not only provided excellent corrosion resistance properties, but also inhibited the adhesion of macrophages. These aspects were necessary for maintaining osseointegration capacity and enhancing the corrosion resistance of Ti in numerous medical applications, particularly in dentistry.
Microorganism-mediated biohydrometallurgy, a sustainable approach for metal recovery from ores, relies on the metabolic activity of acidophilic bacteria. Acidithiobacillia with sulfur/iron-oxidizing capacities are extensively studied and applied in biohydrometallurgy-related processes. However, only 14 distinct proteins from Acidithiobacillia have experimentally determined structures currently available. This significantly hampers in-depth investigations of Acidithiobacillia ’s structure-based biological mechanisms pertaining to its relevant biohydrometallurgical processes. To address this issue, we employed a state-of-the-art artificial intelligence (AI)-driven approach, with a median model confidence of 0.80, to perform high-quality full-chain structure predictions on the pan-proteome (10,458 proteins) of the type strain Acidithiobacillia . Additionally, we conducted various case studies on de novo protein structural prediction, including sulfate transporter and iron oxidase, to demonstrate how accurate structure predictions and gene co-occurrence networks can contribute to the development of mechanistic insights and hypotheses regarding sulfur and iron utilization proteins. Furthermore, for the unannotated proteins that constitute 35.8% of the Acidithiobacillia proteome, we employed the deep-learning algorithm DeepFRI to make structure-based functional predictions. As a result, we successfully obtained gene ontology (GO) terms for 93.6% of these previously unknown proteins. This study has a significant impact on improving protein structure and function predictions, as well as developing state-of-the-art techniques for high-throughput analysis of large proteomic data.
Introduction: The functionalization of titanium (Ti) and titanium alloys (Ti6Al4V) implant surfaces via material-specific peptides influence host/biomaterial interaction. The impact of using peptides as molecular linkers between cells and implant material to improve keratinocyte adhesion is reported.
Results: The metal binding peptides (MBP-1, MBP-2) SVSVGMKPSPRP and WDPPTLKRPVSP were selected via phage display and combined with laminin-5 or E-cadherin epithelial cell specific peptides (CSP-1, CSP-2) to engineer four metal-cell specific peptides (MCSPs). Single-cell force spectroscopy and cell adhesion experiments were performed to select the most promising candidate. In vivo tests using the dental implant for rats showed that the selected bi functional peptide not only enabled stable cell adhesion on the trans-gingival part of the dental implant but also arrested the unwanted apical migration of epithelial cells.
Conclusion: The results demonstrated the outstanding performance of the bioengineered peptide in improving epithelial adhesion to Ti based implants and pointed towards promising new opportunities for applications in clinical practice.
Over the past decades, solid-binding peptides (SBPs) have found multiple applications in materials science. In non-covalent surface modification strategies, solid-binding peptides are a simple and versatile tool for the immobilization of biomolecules on a vast variety of solid surfaces. Especially in physiological environments, SBPs can increase the biocompatibility of hybrid materials and offer tunable properties for the display of biomolecules with minimal impact on their functionality. All these features make SBPs attractive for the manufacturing of bioinspired materials in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. In particular, biomedical applications such as drug delivery, biosensing, and regenerative therapies have benefited from the introduction of SBPs. Here, we review recent literature on the use of solid-binding peptides and solid-binding proteins in biomedical applications. We focus on applications where modulating the interactions between solid materials and biomolecules is crucial. In this review, we describe solid-binding peptides and proteins, providing background on sequence design and binding mechanism. We then discuss their application on materials relevant for biomedicine (calcium phosphates, silicates, ice crystals, metals, plastics, and graphene). Although the limited characterization of SBPs still represents a challenge for their design and widespread application, our review shows that SBP-mediated bioconjugation can be easily introduced into complex designs and on nanomaterials with very different surface chemistries.
Bacterial biofilm formation remains a serious problem for clinical materials and often leads to implant failure. To counteract bacterial adhesion, which initiates biofilm formation, the development of antibiotic surface coating strategies is of high demand and warrants further investigations. In this study, we have created bifunctional chimeric peptides by fusing the recently developed antimicrobial peptide MGD2 (GLRKRLRKFFNKIKF) with different titanium‐binding sequences. The novel peptides were investigated regarding their antibacterial potential against a set of different bacterial strains including drug‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus. All peptides showed high antimicrobial activities both when in solution and when immobilized on titanium surfaces. Owing to the ease of synthesis and handling, the herein described peptides might be a true alternative to prevent bacterial biofilm formation.
Dental implants are the most common therapeutic approach for resolving tooth loss and damage. Despite technical advances in treatment, implant failure rates can be as high as 23% with the major cause of peri‐implantitis: a multi‐species bacterial infection. With an annual growth rate in implant placements of 8.78% per annum, implant failure caused by bacterial infection is a significant oral and general health issue. The rise in antibiotic resistance in oral bacteria further adds pressure to implant failure; thus, there is a need for adjunctive therapy to improve implant outcomes. Due to the broad spectrum of activity and a low risk of inducing bacterial resistance, peptide antibiotics are emerging as a promising implant coating material to reduce/prevent peri‐implantitis and improve dental implant success rates. In this review, we summarised the current strategies of coating antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) onto dental implant material surfaces with multi‐functional properties to enhance osteoblast growth and prevent bacterial infections. This review compared the recent reported literature on dental implant coating with AMPs, which will provide an overview of the current dental implant coating strategies using AMPs and insights for future clinical applications. The rise in antibiotic resistance shows ongoing pressure to implant placement and can lead to implant failure, especially dental implants. Numerous strategies are applied to reduce/prevent peri‐implantitis, including coating peptide antibiotics. Here we summarise the current strategies of coating AMPs, for example chemical or self‐assembly approaches, onto dental implants with multi‐functional properties to enhance osteoblast growth and prevent bacterial infections.
To fix the bone in orthopedics, it is almost always necessary to use implants. Metals provide the needed physical and mechanical properties for load-bearing applications. Although widely used as biomedical materials for the replacement of hard tissue, metallic implants still confront challenges, among which the foremost is their low biocompatibility. Some of them also suffer from excessive wear, low corrosion resistance, infections and shielding stress. To address these issues, various coatings have been applied to enhance their in vitro and in vivo performance. When merged with the beneficial properties of various bio-ceramic or polymer coatings remarkable bioactive, osteogenic, antibacterial, or biodegradable composite implants can be created. In this review, bioactive and high-performance coatings for metallic bone implants are systematically reviewed and their biocompatibility is discussed. Updates in coating materials and formulations for metallic implants, as well as their production routes, have been provided. The ways of improving the bioactive coating performance by incorporating bioactive moieties such as growth factors, osteogenic factors, immunomodulatory factors, antibiotics, or other drugs that are locally released in a controlled manner have also been addressed.
