Table 5 - uploaded by Slavisa Stamenkovic
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Lichens are used for human, animal nutrition, healing and for production of colours, perfumes and alcohol. The aim of this study is to evaluate antioxidant, antimicrobial, antibiofilm and cytotoxic potential of Cladonia foliacea and Hypogymnia physodes.Chemical profiling of three types of lichen extracts (acetone, ethylacetate and methanol extracts...
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... the antibiofilm potentials of Cladonia foliacea and Hypogymnia physodes were investigated ( Table 5). The extracts of Cladonia foliacea influenced the forma-tion of bacterial biofilm differently, according to the type of bacteria, in relations Gram-positive to Gram-negative bacteria. ...
Citations
... The genus contains many secondary metabolites [17]. In previous studies, it has been determined that extracts of some Cladonia species have strong antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activity in vitro [18][19][20]. ...
... Kosanić et al. (2018) found that the five Cladonia lichens have strong antimicrobial activity against five bacteria and ten fungi strains. Mitrovic et al. (2015) investigated the antimicrobial activities of C. foliacea extract [13]. As a result of the study, C. foliacea extract had strong antimicrobial activity in all used tests. ...
The present study evaluated the DNA protective properties and antimicrobial activities of the methanol extracts of nine Cladonia species, namely C. pocillum, C. subulata, C. pyxidata, C. coniocraea, C. foliacea, C. firma, C. furcata, C. fimbriata and C. rangiformis collected in Turkey. DNA protection properties efficiency of Cladonia extracts was evaluated using pBR322 plasmid DNA. In vitro antimicrobial activities of methanol extracts against two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis), three Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus subtilis) and two fungal strains (Candida glabrata and Candida albicans) were examined using the disc diffusion method and through the determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC). DNA protective studies, all Cladonia extracts protected pBR322 plasmid DNA against damage caused by the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with ultraviolet (UV). The results demonstrated that the inhibition zones in the disc diffusion method ranged from 6.5 to 19.0 mm. MIC results were ranged from 3.12 to 6.25 mg/mL. Cladonia extracts show a better antimicrobial effect against bacterial strains than fungal strains. The highest antimicrobial effect among lichen species was demonstrated by Cladonia pocillum. Our results demonstrated that tested Cladonia extracts had strong antibacterial and DNA protective effects. This is the first comprehensive study to evaluate the DNA protective properties activity of Cladonia extracts.
... The antibiofilm activity of Cladonia foliacea and Hypogymnia physodes extracts (methanol, acetone, and ethyl-acetate) was evaluated by Mitrovic et al. (2015) towards S. aureus and Proteus mirabilis. The methanol and ethyl-acetate extracts of H. physodes were found to be more active than those from C. foliacea with a Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of 0.31 mg/ mL for S. aureus. ...
... Third, we need to understand the exact mechanisms by which these molecules exert their effects at sub-lethal concentrations. Many bioactive molecules here described have not yet been characterized in terms of their mechanism of action (Overhage et al. 2008;Hertiani et al. 2010;Steenackers et al. 2010;Mataraci and Dosler 2012;Gopal et al. 2013;De Brucker et al. 2014;Dosler and Karaaslan 2014;Castillo et al. 2015;de Carvalho et al. 2015;Deepa et al. 2015;Mitrovic et al. 2015;Sun et al. 2015;Arora et al. 2016;Dawgul et al. 2016;Sharma et al. 2016;Goldoni Lazarini et al. 2018;Jun et al. 2018;Yuyama et al. 2018;Narayana et al. 2019;Narmani et al. 2019;Galdiero et al. 2020;Moazzezy et al. 2020;Roscetto et al. 2020;Song et al. 2020). Further studies will, therefore, be necessary to gain further mechanistic insights into the molecular mechanism of action by which natural compounds exert their antibiofilm activity. ...
Most human infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms growing as biofilms. These three-dimensional self-organized communities are embedded in a dense matrix allowing microorganisms to persistently inhabit abiotic and biotic surfaces due to increased resistance to both antibiotics and effectors of the immune system. Consequently, there is an urgent need for novel strategies to control biofilm-associated infections. Natural products offer a vast array of chemical structures and possess a wide variety of biological properties; therefore, they have been and continue to be exploited in the search for potential biofilm inhibitors with a specific or multi-locus mechanism of action. This review provides an updated discussion of the major bioactive compounds isolated from several natural sources-such as plants, lichens, algae, microorganisms, animals, and humans-with the potential to inhibit biofilm formation and/or to disperse established biofilms by bacterial pathogens. Despite the very large number of bioactive products, their exact mechanism of action often remains to be clarified and, in some cases, the identity of the active molecule is still unknown. This knowledge gap should be filled thus allowing development of these products not only as novel drugs to combat bacterial biofilms, but also as antibiotic adjuvants to restore the therapeutic efficacy of current antibiotics. ARTICLE HISTORY
Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. is a lichenized fungus within the Parmeliaceae family that commonly occurs in Europe and in many other parts of the world. As a result of the specific relationship between a heterotrophic fungus and an autotrophic photobiont - algae or cyanobacteria among others - some secondary compounds not found among plants are produced. So far the presence of depsidones: physodalic acid, physodic acid, 3-hydroxyphysodic acid, 2′-O-methylphysodic acid, and protocetraric acid as well as depsides: atranorin and chloroatranorin, has been confirmed in H. physodes. Studies revealed interesting biological properties of depsidones and the extracts from H. physodes. The literature data has proved their antibacterial and antioxidant activity as well as cancer cell cytotoxicity and inhibitory effects on enzymes. Depsidones from H. physodes also influenced the cells of the immune system. Moreover, this lichen is often used in bioindicator and biomonitoring studies that enable the assessment of environmental conditions as well as air pollution.
