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A summary of terminologies and nomenclature currently or previously employed to describe tanaidacean appendages and somites are presented together with a proposed new standardized terminology for the order Tanaidacea. Standardized expressions and nomenclatures are suggested for all tanaidacean somites, appendages, and their articles, as well as for...
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... the antenna, some authors count the squama-bearing article (article 2) as the last peduncle article (Lang, 1968;Sieg et al., 1982;Viskup and Heard, 1989), and others believe that the ''peduncle'' of the antenna goes beyond the article with the squama (Gut¸uGut¸u, 1996;Bamber, 1998) and apparently use the size of the articles to decide where they belong. Several workers on Apseudomorpha (McSweeny, 1982;Meyer and Heard, 1989) and most on Neo- tanaidomorpha (Gardiner, 1975;Larsen 1999a) and Tanaidomorpha (Lang, 1968;Shiino, 1978;Sieg, 1986a;Larsen, 2002) refrain from using the term peduncle at all and assign numbers to the articles. Because peduncle means ''stem'' and flagellum means ''whip'', it is unsatisfacto- ry to limit the peduncle to the part proximal to the squama, when robust articles extend beyond the squama in many taxa ( Fig. 2A). To use size as the only character seems also to be a dubious approach, as many species (for example in the Pagurapseudidae) experience a steady and in- distinct decline in article size in the distal direction (Fig. 2B). There are also no obvious serially repeating articles in the antennal flagellum of either Tanaidomorpha or Neo- tanaidomorpha ( Fig. 2C, D). The musculature of the antennal flagellum articles in those Apseu- domorpha that do have an obvious flagellum is rudimentary, but in those species without serially repeating articles, there appears to be no discrete difference in the musculature of distal/proximal articles. The degree of spination/ setation is also not different in the distal/prox- imal antennular articles of most tanaidomor- phans or neotanaidomorphans (Fig. 2C, ...
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... the antenna, some authors count the squama-bearing article (article 2) as the last peduncle article (Lang, 1968;Sieg et al., 1982;Viskup and Heard, 1989), and others believe that the ''peduncle'' of the antenna goes beyond the article with the squama (Gut¸uGut¸u, 1996;Bamber, 1998) and apparently use the size of the articles to decide where they belong. Several workers on Apseudomorpha (McSweeny, 1982;Meyer and Heard, 1989) and most on Neo- tanaidomorpha (Gardiner, 1975;Larsen 1999a) and Tanaidomorpha (Lang, 1968;Shiino, 1978;Sieg, 1986a;Larsen, 2002) refrain from using the term peduncle at all and assign numbers to the articles. Because peduncle means ''stem'' and flagellum means ''whip'', it is unsatisfacto- ry to limit the peduncle to the part proximal to the squama, when robust articles extend beyond the squama in many taxa ( Fig. 2A). To use size as the only character seems also to be a dubious approach, as many species (for example in the Pagurapseudidae) experience a steady and in- distinct decline in article size in the distal direction (Fig. 2B). There are also no obvious serially repeating articles in the antennal flagellum of either Tanaidomorpha or Neo- tanaidomorpha ( Fig. 2C, D). The musculature of the antennal flagellum articles in those Apseu- domorpha that do have an obvious flagellum is rudimentary, but in those species without serially repeating articles, there appears to be no discrete difference in the musculature of distal/proximal articles. The degree of spination/ setation is also not different in the distal/prox- imal antennular articles of most tanaidomor- phans or neotanaidomorphans (Fig. 2C, ...
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... the antenna, some authors count the squama-bearing article (article 2) as the last peduncle article (Lang, 1968;Sieg et al., 1982;Viskup and Heard, 1989), and others believe that the ''peduncle'' of the antenna goes beyond the article with the squama (Gut¸uGut¸u, 1996;Bamber, 1998) and apparently use the size of the articles to decide where they belong. Several workers on Apseudomorpha (McSweeny, 1982;Meyer and Heard, 1989) and most on Neo- tanaidomorpha (Gardiner, 1975;Larsen 1999a) and Tanaidomorpha (Lang, 1968;Shiino, 1978;Sieg, 1986a;Larsen, 2002) refrain from using the term peduncle at all and assign numbers to the articles. Because peduncle means ''stem'' and flagellum means ''whip'', it is unsatisfacto- ry to limit the peduncle to the part proximal to the squama, when robust articles extend beyond the squama in many taxa ( Fig. 2A). To use size as the only character seems also to be a dubious approach, as many species (for example in the Pagurapseudidae) experience a steady and in- distinct decline in article size in the distal direction (Fig. 2B). There are also no obvious serially repeating articles in the antennal flagellum of either Tanaidomorpha or Neo- tanaidomorpha ( Fig. 2C, D). The musculature of the antennal flagellum articles in those Apseu- domorpha that do have an obvious flagellum is rudimentary, but in those species without serially repeating articles, there appears to be no discrete difference in the musculature of distal/proximal articles. The degree of spination/ setation is also not different in the distal/prox- imal antennular articles of most tanaidomor- phans or neotanaidomorphans (Fig. 2C, ...
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... the antenna, some authors count the squama-bearing article (article 2) as the last peduncle article (Lang, 1968;Sieg et al., 1982;Viskup and Heard, 1989), and others believe that the ''peduncle'' of the antenna goes beyond the article with the squama (Gut¸uGut¸u, 1996;Bamber, 1998) and apparently use the size of the articles to decide where they belong. Several workers on Apseudomorpha (McSweeny, 1982;Meyer and Heard, 1989) and most on Neo- tanaidomorpha (Gardiner, 1975;Larsen 1999a) and Tanaidomorpha (Lang, 1968;Shiino, 1978;Sieg, 1986a;Larsen, 2002) refrain from using the term peduncle at all and assign numbers to the articles. Because peduncle means ''stem'' and flagellum means ''whip'', it is unsatisfacto- ry to limit the peduncle to the part proximal to the squama, when robust articles extend beyond the squama in many taxa ( Fig. 2A). To use size as the only character seems also to be a dubious approach, as many species (for example in the Pagurapseudidae) experience a steady and in- distinct decline in article size in the distal direction (Fig. 2B). There are also no obvious serially repeating articles in the antennal flagellum of either Tanaidomorpha or Neo- tanaidomorpha ( Fig. 2C, D). The musculature of the antennal flagellum articles in those Apseu- domorpha that do have an obvious flagellum is rudimentary, but in those species without serially repeating articles, there appears to be no discrete difference in the musculature of distal/proximal articles. The degree of spination/ setation is also not different in the distal/prox- imal antennular articles of most tanaidomor- phans or neotanaidomorphans (Fig. 2C, ...
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... Tanaidomorpha (Lang, 1968;Shiino, 1978;Sieg, 1986a;Larsen, 2002) refrain from using the term peduncle at all and assign numbers to the articles. Because peduncle means ''stem'' and flagellum means ''whip'', it is unsatisfacto- ry to limit the peduncle to the part proximal to the squama, when robust articles extend beyond the squama in many taxa ( Fig. 2A). To use size as the only character seems also to be a dubious approach, as many species (for example in the Pagurapseudidae) experience a steady and in- distinct decline in article size in the distal direction (Fig. 2B). There are also no obvious serially repeating articles in the antennal flagellum of either Tanaidomorpha or Neo- ...
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... ry to limit the peduncle to the part proximal to the squama, when robust articles extend beyond the squama in many taxa ( Fig. 2A). To use size as the only character seems also to be a dubious approach, as many species (for example in the Pagurapseudidae) experience a steady and in- distinct decline in article size in the distal direction (Fig. 2B). There are also no obvious serially repeating articles in the antennal flagellum of either Tanaidomorpha or Neo- tanaidomorpha ( Fig. 2C, D). The musculature of the antennal flagellum articles in those Apseu- domorpha that do have an obvious flagellum is rudimentary, but in those species without serially repeating articles, there ...
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... To use size as the only character seems also to be a dubious approach, as many species (for example in the Pagurapseudidae) experience a steady and in- distinct decline in article size in the distal direction (Fig. 2B). There are also no obvious serially repeating articles in the antennal flagellum of either Tanaidomorpha or Neo- tanaidomorpha ( Fig. 2C, D). The musculature of the antennal flagellum articles in those Apseu- domorpha that do have an obvious flagellum is rudimentary, but in those species without serially repeating articles, there appears to be no discrete difference in the musculature of distal/proximal articles. The degree of spination/ setation is also not different in ...
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... that do have an obvious flagellum is rudimentary, but in those species without serially repeating articles, there appears to be no discrete difference in the musculature of distal/proximal articles. The degree of spination/ setation is also not different in the distal/prox- imal antennular articles of most tanaidomor- phans or neotanaidomorphans (Fig. 2C, ...
Citations
... Body length was measured from the anterior end of the rostrum to the posterior end of the pleotelson using a microscope eyepiece micrometer. General anatomical terminology for the Tanaidacea follows Larsen (2003). Pereopod types follows Larsen et al. (2015). ...
In the first comprehensive taxonomic study of the tanaidacean fauna of Singapore, a total of 23 species belonging to two suborders, three superfamilies, 13 families and 22 genera were identified from approximately 2,400 specimens, including 11 species that are possibly new to science. This material was collected from various localities in Singapore waters, from the intertidal zone to subtidal habitats up to 91 m in depth. Many species exhibited a narrow bathymetric distribution and strong affiliation to certain habitats or microhabitats such as mudflats, coral reefs, and barnacle shells on rocky shores. The Singapore Strait yielded 20 tanaidacean species, almost thrice the number of species (7) present in the Johor Straits. Three species were confined to the brackish waters in the inner parts of the Johor Straits and Sungei Pandan. Furthermore, a total of 153 tanaidacean species has now been recorded from Southeast Asia and the South China Sea. The presence of the family Numbakullidae in this region is also documented for the first time.
... Careful examination and drawings of external morphology of the studied material was performed using a microscope Zeiss, equipped with a camera lucida and then digitalised with WACOM Tablet using the graphic programme Adobe Illustrator CC 2017 for producing taxonomic plates. The morphological terminology follows the literature related to the family Akanthophoreidae (Bird and Holdich 1984;Larsen 2003Larsen , 2005Larsen , 2011Guerrero-Kommritz and Brandt 2005). The term "neuter" was used for post-manca stages that are not immediately categorisable as females or sub-adult (preparatory) males, although the majority are probably non-ovigerous females (Bird 2004). ...
Benthic samples collected from depths ranging between 686 and 2410 m along the Brazilian continental upper slope from Rio de Ja-neiro State to Santa Catarina State (23°S to 27°S) yielded a wealth of tanaidacean material, including two new species of Stenotanais. This is the first described species of the family Akanthophoreidae from Brazilian waters. Stenotanais leonardoi sp. nov. has a combination of unique characters including the uropod basal article longer than the pleotelson and the exopod somewhat wider than the endopod, longer than the endopod article-1 (0.7 times endopod length) and supporting two flat and wide terminal setae. Stenotanais uropedon sp. nov. is recognisable by its oar-shaped uropod endopod, with article-2 large, broad and flattened and the short exopod, only 0.3 times the endopod length. An identification key to the species of Stenotanais is given. These two species bring the total number of described akanthophoreids to 56 species and that of all tanaidaceans in Brazilian waters to 66 species.
... 'carapace' which is therefore substituted by shield). Specialist terms (following Larsen 2003) were added in single quotation marks. ...
Tanaidaceans are benthic, mostly marine, crustaceans that live burrowed in the substrate or in self-built tubes. The fossil record of Tanaidacea reaches back to the Carboniferous, 350 million years ago, but it is especially species-rich in Cretaceous amber sites from Spain and France. We report and formally describe a new species of Tanaidacea from 100-million-year-old Kachin amber, from the Hukawng Valley, Northern Myanmar, the first record of Cretaceous tanaidaceans outside Europe. The combination of character states of Tanaidaurum kachinensis gen. nov. et sp. nov. suggests that the new species is a representative of the early diversification of an unnamed group (Paratanaoidea+Tanaidoidea), an ingroup of the monophyletic group Tanaidomorpha. We briefly review the biased fossil record of Tanaidacea and present its abundance in European amber sites.
... UIS2 objectives, fitted on an Olympus CX41 microscope. Setae across the body were categorized into phenotypes considering terminology and characters for describing setal morphology from multiple arthropod and plant resources (e.g., Garm & Watling (2013), Larsen (2003) and Harbach & Knight (1980)). Hymenoptera specific terms used in this work were matched and aligned to the Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology (HAO, Yoder et al., 2010). ...
... There can be a continuum in lengths from short to long plumose. This follows mosquito (Harbach & Knight, 1980) and crustacean (Larsen, 2003;Garm & Watling, 2013) terminology and is more broadly used to refer to feather-shaped hairs. ...
... Branches may be short (appearing as a serrated texture) or long. This term is consistently used in this same way across the literature (e.g., Harbach & Knight (1980); Larsen (2003) and Garm & Watling (2013)). ...
Bumble bees are characterized by their thick setal pile that imparts aposematic color patterns often used for species-level identification. Like all bees, the single-celled setae of bumble bees are branched, an innovation thought important for pollen collection. To date no studies have quantified the types of setal morphologies and their distribution on these bees, information that can facilitate understanding of their adaptive ecological function. This study defines several major setal morphotypes in the common eastern bumble bee Bombus impatiens Cresson, revealing these setal types differ by location across the body. The positions of these types of setae are similar across individuals, castes, and sexes within species. We analyzed the distribution of the two most common setal types (plumose and spinulate) across the body dorsum of half of the described bumble bee species. This revealed consistently high density of plumose (long-branched) setae across bumble bees on the head and mesosoma, but considerable variation in the amount of metasomal plumosity. Variation on the metasoma shows strong phylogenetic signal at subgeneric and smaller group levels, making it a useful trait for species delimitation research, and plumosity has increased from early Bombus ancestors. The distribution of these setal types suggests these setae may serve several functions, including pollen-collecting and thermoregulatory roles, and probable mechanosensory functions. This study further examines how and when setae of the pile develop, evidence for mechanosensory function, and the timing of pigmentation as a foundation for future genetic and developmental research in these bees.
... Descriptions of the body are based on holotype material and those of dissected appendages are taken from paratypes. Terminology is similar to that of Larsen (2003) although the term 'PSS' (pinnate sensory seta) is used instead of 'broom seta,' and we recognize the peduncle/flagellum division for the antennule/antenna. Type material is deposited at the Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. (USNM). ...
Examination of material from the Campeche region of the southern Gulf of Mexico revealed the presence of a new genus and species of Apseudidae that appears to be transitional between Bunakenia Guţu and Apseudes Leach sensu lato. This new taxon, Pseudobunakenia anablesis n. gen., n. sp. is found throughout the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) and Northwest Atlantic as far north as South Carolina. It is known in the literature under the designation "Apseudes spinosa" Sars sensu Dawson and "Apseudes sp. A" (Heard et al.). Also, Bunakenia hamata n. sp. is described from offshore Georgia and is distributed from the Florida Gulf Coast and the Northwest Atlantic as far north as South Carolina. It is known in the literature under the designation "Bunakenia sp. A" (Heard et al.) and is the only known species of that genus in the GOM/ NW Atlantic. It can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of characters such as the pereonites having posterolateral apophyses, the antennule first peduncle article denticulate, the antennule accessory flagellum having five articles, and the first pereopod having four ventral propodal spiniform setae. A key to the known species is presented.
... Orientation and terminology here follow Larsen (2003), except that the term "plumose sensory seta(e)" (PSS; Bird 2011) is used instead of "broom seta(e)," and the term "protopod" is used instead of "basal article" for pleopods Kakui et al. [2011] was collected); c. Location of the sampling site for Sinelobus kisui in Hagi; d. ...
We describe the new brackish tanaidid species Sinelobus kisui sp. nov. from Hagi, Yamaguchi, Japan. Sinelobus kisui is similar to S. barretti and S. vanhaareni in having antennal article 2 with one outer distal seta, the dorsodistal crotchet on pereopods 2 and 3 carpi shorter than half propodus length, and pereopodal carpi 2–6 with five distal crotchets, but differs from them in having (1) the inner of two ventro-subdistal circumplumose setae on the maxillipedal endite longer than the outer; (2) the maxillipedal endite with one mid-inner spiniform seta; (3) the pereopod-1 propodus with one middle setulate seta; and (4) the pleopod-1 protopod lacking inner plumose setae. Our study confirmed that character states of the chelipeds in strongly dimorphic males are useful in Sinelobus taxonomy. We determined partial sequences for the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI; cox1) and 18S rRNA (18S) genes in S. kisui for future DNA barcoding and phylogenetic analyses. Morphological and/or molecular data reveal that S. kisui also occurs in Kagawa and Osaka, Japan. A key to species in Sinelobus is provided.
... 18°54'36''N 18°51'35.9994 Terminology is similar to that of Larsen (2003) although the term 'PSS' (pinnate sensory seta) is used instead of 'broom seta'. "Dorsal" and "ventral" aspects relative to the cheliped and pereopods are equal to "anterior" and "posterior" of some authors. ...
Two new genera of parapseudid Tanaidacea belonging to the Discapseudes-Halmyrapseudes Complex sensu Heard et al. (=Complex) are designated from Mexican and Australian waters. Mexctenapseudes boeschi n. gen., n. sp. is described from Campeche Mexico and Pseudolongiflagrum n. gen. is designated from Australia. The new Mexican genus displays similarities to the West Pacific and Indian Ocean genera Ctenapseudes Bamber, Ariyananda & Silva, 1997 and Longiflagrum Guţu, 1995. The new related genus, Pseudolongiflagrum, having affinities with Ctenapseudes and Mexctenapseudes n. gen., is designated to receive Longiflagrum caeruleus (Boesch) known from Australia. A key to the genera within the parapseudid subfamily Parapseudinae Guţu is presented and possible factors concerning the ecology, origins, and distribution of the members of the Complex considered.
... Drawings of the taxonomic structures were made using a camera lucida at 4×-40× magnification. The terminology used for anatomical features is based on Larsen (2003) and Guţu (2016). For the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, the specimens were dehydrated in a series of different concentration of hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS). ...
Until now, four species of the genus Chondrochelia Guţu, 2016 have been recorded from America. Using morphological and molecular data, we were able to recognize and describe two new species, Chondrochelia caribensis sp. nov. from the Mexican Caribbean and Chondrochelia winfieldi sp. nov. from the Gulf of Mexico. We found significant genetic divergence values between species based on the nucleotide sequences of cytochrome oxidase subunit I to support the morphological data. Also, the range of distribution of two species: Chondrochelia mexicana (Jarquín-González, García-Madrigal & Carrera-Parra, 2015) and Chondrochelia ortizi (Jarquín-González, 2016), were expanded within their described geographic regions. In contrast, the supposed distribution of the Brazilian C. dubia in the Mexican Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico was rejected. Additionally, Chondrochelia algicola (Harger, 1878) was redescribed based upon type material. Minute details and ornamentation of some structures of three species were examined using SEM.
... The morphological terminology follows, mostly, that proposed by Larsen (2003). For cuticular formations (spines and various types of setae, etc.) I used the terminology proposed by Bamber and Sheader (2005) and Błażewicz-Paszkowycz and Bamber (2007), and for what Larsen (op. ...
In addition to those described by Guţu (2002), the female with eggs of the species Apseudopsis arguinensis is redescribed in detail. Also, some remarks on male morphology are presented.
... Total body length (TBL) was measured from the tip of the rostrum to the tip of the pleotelson. Terminology generally follows that of Larsen (2003); however, the abbreviation "PSS", plumose sensory seta, here referring to the basally buttressed, small, delicate sensory seta(e) bearing fine setules. These setae occur on antennules, antennae, pereopods, and uropods (Bird 2011). ...
A new tanaidacean family Julmarichardiidae is designated to receive the Indo-Pacific genus Julmarichardia Guţu. The new family is characterized by having a prominent rostrum, a strongly developed coxal process of pereopod-1 with plumose setae and sometimes spines, and the presence of mucus glands and packets throughout its body. The latter appear to be involved in the construction of a mucus domicile. Based on distinctive antennal and pereopodal characters, the South China Sea species, J. bajau Bamber & Sheader, is placed in a new monotypic genus. A second Australian species
is described from specimens collected on the northwestern continental shelf from depths of 37 to 83 m. The new species can be distinguished from its sympatric congener J. gutui Ritger & Heard by a variety of characters, including the lack of setulose setae on the rostral margin and the posterior margin of pereopod-1 having three or fewer setulate setae. It differs from J. alinati Guţu, by the shape and/or spination of the rostrum, antennule, and antenna. Julmarichardia dollfusi (Guţu) is removed from Julmarichardia and designated as Metapseudidae incertae sedis. A key to the six species comprising the
genus Julmarichardia is presented.
