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China’s urbanization has followed an original trajectory including during the last four decades a strongly planned economic development. The policy of creating Economic Development Zones is one of the major tools in use for modernizing the economy. We try here to measure the relationship between Economic Development Zones and urban demographic grow...
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... as accompanied by the policy of unique child, the demographic transition has been very rapid and despite the growing urbanization rate, the growth of urban populations has become rather low. A figure taken from World Bank compares the population growth rate of China with India and the USA ( figure 3). China's annual population growth rate constantly decreased since 1990, from 1.2% in 1990 to 0.8% in 2000, and 0.5% in 2010. ...
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Along with urban modernization, the changing needs and requirements introduced rapid urban growth and irregular construction. The pressures that economic and technological developments introduced, along with the increasing housing requirements, also changed and transformed the collaborative environments that communities built. One of the places whe...
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... However, it is expected that, in the near future, competitiveness will become a central topic also in developing countries, as demonstrated by recent studies about the topic (Kresl & Ietri, 2017b). The rapid evolution of China's production since around 2008 (Figs. 7 and 8) is the mirror of the urbanisation process of the last decades, which led to China's urbanisation rate shift from 40 % to more than 60 % between 1978 and 2018, leading to a planned urban growth coupled with economic development (Xie et al., 2018). Urbanisation is due to the continuing integration of the Chinese economy into the globalising world and the increasing intercity competition (Bercht, 2013). ...
Since the 1990s, the scientific debate on territorial competitiveness has gone through different phases due to the various events that have occurred such as uncontrolled urbanisation, globalisation and digitalisation. Initially linked to competition between companies and, subsequently, to the productivity of countries, today, competitiveness is played out between territories and, above all, between cities. For this reason, competitiveness has become a characteristic of the city and can therefore be considered multidimensional from a systemic perspective typical of urban studies. Researchers agree in defining it as the ability to attract investments, business, creativity, talents and visitors, which is possible by enhancing various urban dimensions. The review presented in this paper analyses the foremost definitions and paradigms, investigates quantitative approaches and identifies the main trends and research gaps concerning the topic of urban competitiveness, through a bibliometric analysis. We have selected almost 1600 documents published between 1967 and 2020 from the Scopus database and we have examined them using bibliometric tools such as VOSiewer and ScientoPy. The aim is to analyse the diachronic and geographical evolution of research, to define future development and directions. The result is that the approach to the research depends on a wide variety of factors, including the time of publication, the scientific framework, the models and, lastly, the region the study comes from. We found that the ability to cope with future challenges has gradually taken on an essential role in defining how competitive a city is on an international scale, especially following the 2008 global financial crisis and the more recent COVID-19 crisis.
... They found HTDZs devoted to the improvement of firm innovation. The above studies showed that EDZs have a certain economic effect in different aspects, which provided evidence support for the viewpoints of some scholars who deemed EDZs promoted regional development through some channels (Ambroziak, 2016;Xie et al., 2015). ...
Economic Development Zones have been proven to be an economic success and have been pursued by many governments around the world over the past several decades, but there is still a research gap on their impact on the environment. This paper documents the effect of national-level EDZs on the environmental performance of firms. Combining rich firm and administrative data in China from 1998–2012, we exploit the relationship between the foundation of EDZs and firms’ pollution emissions with a multi-period differences-in-differences model. We find that the establishment of national EDZs can effectively reduce the pollution emission intensity of firms within it. Moreover, this pollution reduction effects vary across industries, firms, and EDZs types. We also find that the establishment of EDZs can improve firm environmental performance by improving energy efficiency, optimizing the business environment, and upgrading technology.
... A consensus has not been reached within academic circles regarding the economic effects of DZs [5]. The preferential policies that are offered to attract investments and stimulate industrial agglomeration and capital accumulation within DZs have been shown to be effective at the regional scale and, thus, as being capable of promoting regional economic growth [6]. Despite this, the results of empirical studies on the economic benefits of DZs in different countries and regions differ greatly. ...
The construction of development zones is an important strategic measure for China to attract foreign investment and open up more extensively to the outside world; for this reason, such zones are also of great significance to China’s regional development. Although the economic effects of development zones have received extensive attention from scholars, the interaction between the development zone and the host city that surrounds it has, to date, remained unexamined. To fill this gap, this research constructed a panel measurement analysis framework and selected 46 of China’s national development zones established from 2004 to 2018 as study samples and used Granger causality test method to reveal the causal relationship between the total factor productivity of the development zones and their surrounding host cities. The consequences exhibited a long-term causality between the total factor productivity of the development zones and that of the host cities in all the panels. Short-term causality, however, was only identified in the eastern and western area panels. The development zone is shown to significantly promote the development of its host city, albeit with a certain lag effect; conversely, the support function provided by the host city to the development zone was found to remain weak. Our research results provide a new perspective on realizing a mutually beneficial interaction between development zones and their host cities.
... Chakraborty, Gundimeda and Kathuria (2017) pointed out that FEZ would benefit the host country by attracting foreign direct investment, creating employment, increasing exports and fostering its economic ties through technology transfer and the use of local resources. Xie, Swerts and Pumain (2018) claimed that investments in FEZs could facilitate cluster development, strengthen urban development and promote workers and highly skilled professionals' economic well-being. Similar findings are obtained by , considering the rural communities' development due to engaging of attracting investments. ...
The rapid growth of cooperation among countries, globalization, and integration has been some of the most significant indicators for the growing importance of free economic zones [FEZs] in the system of world economic relations. However, despite the advantages provided by FEZs, not all countries can successfully exploit the potential of FEZs. It is noticed that state institutions are hesitant to establish special purpose economic zones due to the difficulty of measuring the benefits of FEZs. This article aims to explain the phenomenon of the FEZ impact on regional economic development. In this article, based on the correlation analysis an algorithm is developed according to the interfaces illustrating the highest determination coefficient. The algorithm provides an opportunity to reveal the dependence on regional economic development from FEZs activity. The study reveals that the most critical FEZs activities that significantly impact regional economic development are the amount of attracted foreign direct investments [FDI], the number of companies operating in FEZ and jobs created in the zone.
... The current pace of urbanization in Asia, especially in China and India, is unprecedented in human history (e.g. Kanbur and Zhuang 2013;Swerts and Denis 2015;Xie, Swerts, and Pumain 2018). Much of the newly added urban population congregates in the peripheries of existing cities. ...
At a time when China and India are urbanizing rapidly, the transformation of the urban peripheries has brought into close proximity social groups who previously had little or no contact with each other. In this article, I approach the question of residential cohabitation by investigating similar types of residential areas in Chengdu and Hyderabad, which are emblematic of those found in the urban peripheries: autoconstructed communities and gated communities. Inspired by research on urban assemblages, and on the basis of fieldwork conducted in each setting, I introduce the notion of “assemblages of living together.” I have identified three key assemblages associated with three distinct forms of residential cohabitation: the interspersion of autoconstructed communities and gated communities, heterogeneity within the same residential communities, and vertical cohabitation of villager landlords and migrant tenants. Between and within the various assemblages of living together, I have observed two main types of relationalities between residents: different social groups are physically proximate but socialize separately according to certain norms that often materialize as physical boundaries such as walls, roads, and different floors of the building; at times interdependence between different social groups emerges, but it is based on unequal interactions.
... All of these economic zones established in fourteen coastal cities including Guangzhou, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Dalian were major industrial and commercial centers. These zones were successful in creating productive exchanges between major economic networks of China and foreign firms with new technology (Xie & Pumain, 2018). ...
The third book of Stephenie Meyer’s Twilight series, Eclipse,
foregrounds a deconstruction of the mythical Greek goddess Artemis,
who is Diana in Roman mythology, in the character formation of Bella
Swan. In Eclipse, Bella becomes a postmodern exemplification of
Artemis/Diana type who presents a multi-layered identity politics rather
than being fixed within certain characteristics of the mythical type.
Artemis who is known for her mastery of wild life, her virginity and her
singularity is embodied in Bella’s postfeminist identity and body that
desire the same mastery within a broader sexuality. Accordingly,
Artemis/Diana myth is approached within a subversive manner in
which the characteristics of the goddess are put in line with postfeminist
sexual politics that seek expressive female desire and sexual
subjectivity centering around pleasure and passion, and that draw
“sexualized representations [which] are not designed to portray women
as victimized objects but as knowing and active sexual subjects.” (Genz,
2006: 345) Rewritten within the context of postfeminist politics of
identity, Artemis/Diana myth is embodied in Bella Swan as an
individual “inaugurating new constructions of the self, no longer
caught in the mythology of the unified subject, embracing of
multiplicity, challenging the dreary and moralizing generalizations
about gender, race, and so forth.” (Bordo, 2003: 260) Bella, in this
respect, becomes a postmodern Artemis/Diana who, on her way to
transformation, prioritizes freedom of choice.
... All of these economic zones established in fourteen coastal cities including Guangzhou, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Dalian were major industrial and commercial centers. These zones were successful in creating productive exchanges between major economic networks of China and foreign firms with new technology (Xie & Pumain, 2018). ...
The funeral reforms in China condemn widespread burial practices considered “backward” and “uncivilized” while contradicting core grassroots values. Examining collective tomb land expropriation in a former rural township of Fuzhou hosting important military infrastructures, this article highlights issues of accessibility to ancestral land in the context of rapid urbanization and the resulting transition from village commons to state provisioned public goods. How do the original inhabitants of new urban communities make claims on their ancestors’ tomb land? What tactics are deployed to comply with state policies as well as to safeguard a certain sense of collective identity? This article shows how former villagers’ publicizing strategies of militarizing their ancestors allow for some concessions to be made, despite little room for negotiations left by sweeping urbanization.
