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An illustration of multiple fire scars along the same bole radius of a tree (from Morrison and Swanson, 1990). 

An illustration of multiple fire scars along the same bole radius of a tree (from Morrison and Swanson, 1990). 

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A dendropyrochronological study was conducted in the pine and pine-oak forests of the Las Joyas Scientific Research Station in the Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve located in the Sierra Madre del Sur mountain range in western México. This study was undertaken to expand our understanding of historical fire frequency in that region and to inform...

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... Consequently, they did not contribute significantly to deforestation. However, in cases where the fires have affected the canopy, they could be identified as deforestation [54,55]. ...
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... Consequently, they did not contribute significantly to deforestation. However, in cases where the fires have affected the canopy, they could be identified as deforestation [54,55]. ...
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... The absence of diffuse rings in all examined samples indicate a complete shutdown of cambial activity at the end of the growing season. This is unusual, since pine species in Mexico growing in tropical regions below the 1800 m above sea level, commonly form diffuse ring boundaries due to optimal growing conditions all year long (Cassell, 2012;Gutiérrez-García, 2014). We found seven missing rings, which represents 0.6 % of all dated series. ...
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... 2010) y en la Sierra Madre Occidental (Heyerdahl y Alvarado 2003, Fulé et al. 2011. Aunque existen algunos estudios preliminares sobre la frecuencia histórica de incendios en bosques de pino de México al sur del Trópico de Cáncer (Rubio 2006, Cassell 2012, Llamas 2013, actualmente solo se ha publicado una cronología de incendios para los pinares de alta montaña del Pico de Orizaba, Veracruz (Yocom y Fulé 2012). Con el objetivo de extender este tipo de trabajos en el centro-occidente del país, se seleccionó la Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra de Manantlán (RBSM), localizada en los límites de los estados de Jalisco y Colima. ...
... En general se puede concluir que, en su mayoría, los incendios corresponden a la estación de primavera (98,3 %) (cuadro 1), similar a lo reportado por Cassell (2012) y Llamas (2013. Sin embargo, se diiere de estas autoras, en lo referente a la categorización de las cicatrices dentro del anillo anual que deinen la estacionalidad de los incendios. ...
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... 2010) y en la Sierra Madre Occidental (Heyerdahl y Alvarado 2003, Fulé et al. 2011. Aunque existen algunos estudios preliminares sobre la frecuencia histórica de incendios en bosques de pino de México al sur del Trópico de Cáncer (Rubio 2006, Cassell 2012, Llamas 2013, actualmente solo se ha publicado una cronología de incendios para los pinares de alta montaña del Pico de Orizaba, Veracruz (Yocom y Fulé 2012). Con el objetivo de extender este tipo de trabajos en el centro-occidente del país, se seleccionó la Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra de Manantlán (RBSM), localizada en los límites de los estados de Jalisco y Colima. ...
... En general se puede concluir que, en su mayoría, los incendios corresponden a la estación de primavera (98,3 %) (cuadro 1), similar a lo reportado por Cassell (2012) y Llamas (2013. Sin embargo, se diiere de estas autoras, en lo referente a la categorización de las cicatrices dentro del anillo anual que deinen la estacionalidad de los incendios. ...
... A pesar de la alta diversidad arbórea y de la buena correlación que existe con factores climáticos como la precipitación de invierno-primavera y el fenómeno de El Niño-Oscilación del Sur "ENOS" (Stahle y Cleaveland, 1993;Stahle et al., 1998), poca investigación dendrocronológica se ha llevado a cabo en el país. Ha habido esfuerzos por localizar nuevas especies útiles para investigación dendrocronológica Biondi y Fessenden, 1999;Williams-Linera et al., 2000;Biondi, 2001;Diaz et al., 2001;Therrell et al., 2002;Gutiérrez-García, 2003;Martijena, 2003;Bernal, 2004;Constante-García et al., 2009;Brienen et al., 2010;Santillán-Hernández et al., 2010;Cassell, 2012;Amaro-Sánchez, 2012;Llamas-Casillas, 2013;Pompa-García et al., 2013). Actualmente, existen alrededor de 150 cronologías de anillos arbóreos para México, la mayoría desarrolladas en bosques templados subtropicales en la Sierra Madre Occidental y Oriental, en el Norte del país, y templados tropicales en algunas localidades de centro y sur del país (Villanueva-Diaz, comunicación personal). ...
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Some have proposed that fire return intervals lengthen with elevation in montane tropical coniferous forests, such as those found in central Mexico. This would generate patterns of synchronous tree establishment in higher elevation forests dominated by Abies sp. Mill., and patterns of continuous tree establishment in lower elevation forests dominated by Pinus sp. L. However, it is common to find codominant stands of both genera at intermediate elevations. The Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve (MBBR) is located in this region, and is covered by Abies religiosa (Kunth) Schltdl. & Cham-dominant forest, A. religiosa–Pinus pseudostrobus Lindley-codominant forest, and P. pseudostrobus-dominant forest. Despite the ecological importance of the MBBR’s coniferous forests, little is known about their fire return intervals, including their relationship with climate, and their effects on tree establishment patterns according to the elevational range proposed above. In this study, using dendrochronological techniques, we reconstructed the historical fire return intervals for each forest type, evaluated their relationship with droughts and with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and assessed the effect of fire return intervals on tree establishment patterns. A total of 110 cross-sections were obtained, from 23 sites across the MBBR. The fire chronology covered the period between 1925 and 2015. Fire return intervals averaged two years in stands dominated by A. religiosa, by P. pseudostrobus, and codominated by both species, regardless of elevation. No fire-free periods were detected, even after the establishment of the reserve in 2000. Fire frequency was not associated with periods of drought and ENSO. There was no relationship between fire return intervals and patterns of tree establishment, which was continuous in all three forest types. Our results suggest that coniferous forests of the MBBR have historically experienced frequent fires that are unrelated to climate and tree establishment. This may be evidence that natural fire regimes in these coniferous forests have been drastically altered by human activities. Although these frequent low-severity fires could adversely affect tree regeneration, and eventually decrease the integrity of the overwintering habitat of the Monarch Butterfly, the continuous tree regeneration observed suggests that these effects have not yet taken place.