Fig 7 - uploaded by Kai Xia
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
![Fig. 1. Closed-loop lifecycle of EEE/WEEE developed from [5]](profile/Kai-Xia/publication/273898118/figure/fig1/AS:391896183656456@1470446739432/Closed-loop-lifecycle-of-EEE-WEEE-developed-from-5_Q320.jpg)
![Table 3 . Properties of the disassembly operations [6]](profile/Kai-Xia/publication/273898118/figure/tbl2/AS:668367111331851@1536362545377/Properties-of-the-disassembly-operations-6_Q320.jpg)
Sustainable management of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) has attracted escalating concerns of researchers and industries. Closer information linking among the participants in the products's lifecycle should take place. How to interoperate among the distributed and heterogeneous information systems of various participants is a chal...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... query languages, e.g. Simple Protocol and RDF Query Language (SPARQL) [37], can be used to execute queries toward the mapping RDF generated according to the customized R2RML mapping. A SPARQL query toward the output mapping RDF in Fig. 6 (d) is illustrated in Fig. 7. The semantic query function is service-oriented and used for retrieving lifecycle information from the local databases of the information services provider through the internet. Fig. 8 gives a general framework of the service-oriented SPARQL query, where the SPARQL endpoint refers to the endpoint of the information services and the ...
Citations
... Due to the continuously decreasing prices and burgeoning case applications, robots are expected to be more popular than they already are today in the near future [99]. Meanwhile, the price for IoT sensors has dropped nearly 200% between 2004 and 2018, to an average cost of $0.44, making IoT solutions more affordable and accessible [100]. The popularizing and successful experience of intelligent manufacturing is bound to be applied in the remanufacturing field, forming an intelligent disassembly system for the future treatment of WEEE. ...
Disassembly of e-waste has received significant attention over the past decades to extract value-added parts or components for recovery or reuse. It is imperative to develop automatic disassembly to replace human workers thus safeguarding them against the hazardous environment. Most scholars investigate the disassembly of e-waste from a technical perspective on laboratory scale. Few types of research related to its development track and scaled application are completed. This paper attempts to fill this gap by analyzing the disassembly of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) in a strategic perspective from manual operation, (semi)-automation to intelligent disassembly through a systematic literature review. The main barriers to automating the recycling industry lie in the high complexity and uncertainty of end-of-life (EOL) products that perplex the automatic handling and planning. Intelligent systems integrated in cognitive robots are helpful to handle the uncertainty through learning and revision processes. This work has three objectives: first, to map out what research has been carried out in the field of WEEE disassembly and the necessity for disassembly automation; second, to conduct a systematic literature review for the state of the art of automatic disassembly and discuss the barriers to its industrial application; third, to propose a perspective for integrating Industry 4.0 technologies with disassembly automation to promote flexibility and efficiency, providing a new scheme for future treatment of WEEE.
... Similarly, knowledge-based approaches were proposed to determine the most suitable process plan [170]. Xia et al. [216] proposed a semantic information services framework for WEEE modeling, and a sequence planning algorithm based on TeachingÀLearning-Based Optimization [215]. An optimization-based tool was also tailored specifically for the WEEE coordinating government institution in Denmark [79]. ...
Electronics is the vital basis for innovations and the essential enabler for global trends like connectivity, electro mobility and renewable energies. These applications require high performance and reliability of the electronic modules. Their assembly combines very heterogeneous process chains like remarkable productive and diminutive surface mount technology (SMT), powerful and robust power electronic interconnection techniques, as well as pioneering reel-to-reel based organic electronic printing. After briefly outlining the enormous global economic impact of electronic modules, this paper presents the state of the art of electronic module assembly including substrate materials, electronic components, packaging and assembly processes as well as quality and reliability testing methods.
... They have also used it to improve the discourse on economic development, social equality, and environmental fortitude in dominant research areas, such as supply chains and smart factories. While I4.0 sustainability research has been widely conducted in the manufacturing sector, our review found little research in areas such as electronic equipment and waste (Xia et al., 2015), freight systems (Kermanshah et al., 2020), water production systems (Tomičić and Schatten, 2016), agri-food (Miranda et al., 2019), forest protection (Daj, 2016), health care (Islam et al., 2015), accounting and reporting (Tiwari and Khan, 2020) and transportation (Davidsson et al., 2016). Nevertheless, assessing I4.0 technologies using CE principles for sustainable value creation and TBL found in other sectors, such as agriculture, could elucidate many unseen dimensions for innovation and profitability. ...
Industry 4.0 has been identified as a major contributor to the era of digitalisation. Its implications for sustainable development have gained widespread attention from the perspectives of the triple bottom line, sustainable business models and circular economy. The purpose of this paper is to map the broad field of sustainable development and investigate the key research areas which comprises the aforementioned perspectives under Industry 4.0 framework. A systematic mapping review was conducted by searching five databases for relevant literature published between 1st January 2012 and 17th April 2020. The search yielded 4,291 papers of which 81 were identified as primary papers relevant to the research herein. The primary findings are that the majority of sustainability research focuses on conceptual analysis, and the Internet of Things is dominantly cited with an emphasis on achieving the triple bottom line benefits. Sustainable development in the Industry 4.0 context contributes to circular economic objectives by achieving social, economic, and environmental benefits. Triple bottom line studies mainly focus on Industry 4.0 adoption and implementation, sustainable supply chains, smart and sustainable cities, and smart factories. Circular economy and sustainable business models as emerging research themes that focus on Industry 4.0 adoption and implementation, as well as sustainable supply chains. Our analysis consolidates emerging research patterns areas in both the Industry 4.0 and sustainability literature. Furthermore, it identifies salient research gaps and suggests future research.
... DSP is one of the prevalent research topics, which was given significant importance in recent years due to its capability in addressing issues encountered with WEEE. It is also found that DSP is one of the feasible choices for sustainable WEEE management [1,2]. However, there is no unique generalized method for DSP due to its complex nature of formulation considering several disassembly attributes. ...
India is listed in the top five electronic waste generation in the world. There is a severe threat to the environment and public health due to End-of-Life (EoL) Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) disposal without proper safety measurements. Most of the instances, at the EoL, WEEE is thrown into public dustbins; this unsafe disposal is due to lack of appropriate disassembly plan of products. An unorganized disassembly of these products demands huge disassembly time and efforts with necessary tooling. The current research is aimed to develop an automated optimal disassembly sequence planning methodology to solve any product configuration.
... Meanwhile, the resource and service management issues in these platforms also raise new challenges on the modelling, implementation and decision-making, such as remanufacturing service demand mining and service information network optimization (Wang et al., 2018b). Ontology based semantic models are commonly used to represent the EOL knowledge for PLM (Kiritsis, 2011), LCA (Zhang et al., 2015a;Kuczenski et al., 2016) or WEEE management (Xia et al., 2015;Jiang et al., 2018). ...
Smart product recovery decision-making (SRDM) plays a critical role in the closed-loop manufacturing chain. SRDM can facilitate the maximum reclamation of End-of-Life product value while achieving sustainability. Ubiquitous information and computational intelligence technologies empower the implementation of SRDM. These emerging smart technologies not only reduce the information uncertainties but also provide powerful operational methodologies for SRDM.
However, there is a lack of a systematic and comprehensive framework to assist practitioners in better understanding SRDM in both theory and practice, as well as directing how to apply these emerging techniques to facilitate SRDM at the operational level. This study is the first effort to address this gap by providing a state-of-art review of SRDM techniques. First, the paper discusses the SRDM enablers and highlights their contributions. The SRDM enablers include the information technique, smart equipment, service platform and closed-loop supply chains. Then the SRDM techniques are reviewed in four aspects: model input prediction, recovery option determination, process planning, and production scheduling and planning. Further, a generalized SRDM implementation framework with a methodology roadmap is proposed to assist practitioners in applying the framework to practice. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in SRDM, inherited, derived, and enabled by the ubiquitous information and computational intelligence technologies, are identified and discussed. This study shows that the research on SRDM remains at an early stage. With the roadmap and insights provided in this work, more research can potentially advance SRDM.
... Zussman, et al. [11] proposed a complete and mathematically sound Disassembly Petri Net (DPN) approach to model the disassembly processes. In their work, the detailed construction and advantages of the proposed DPN have been discussed, and a DPN based searching algorithm has been Things (IoT) and Life Cycle Units (LCU), have already been discussed in the disassembly research community for ideas like future cloud-based remanufacturing [4] and semantic recovery information service [5]. Briefly, IoT provides a network to connect different physical objects, which allows them to be sensed and controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure, creating opportunities for more direct integrations of the physical world into computer-based systems, and resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit. ...
... Operator decisions on whether to recycle or conduct potentially high-cost refurbishment, or on whether to use components for repairs or sell them on, can be more timely, informed and appropriately made when supported by an automated, intelligent system. Underpinning this with an interoperable, semantic knowledge base can future-proof the system to gather complete, upto-date knowledge in deciding appropriate pricing as the market changes [1]. PLM activities can then be opti-mised to reduce the performance of non-profitable processing when this costs more than the product price. ...
... The authors in [1] developed a semantic framework to promote sharing traceability, pricing, material, legal and technical data during WEEE EoL processing. Remote queries and methods of service orchestration and matchmaking mean that the system could be extended to decision support. ...
... Semantic architectures still have performance challenges in terms of scaling data output, multi-level heterogeneity, conflicts between applications and correction of human errors in metadata [31,32,1]. The authors in [33] proposed an ontology framework for intelligent data analysis to manage validation, representation and interpretation of data from heterogeneous sources. ...
In product-diverse, end-of-life (EoL) production lines the relevant markets, competitors and customer bases continuously change as new products are processed. The resale market itself changes with the influx of new products, as well as hardware and software discontinuations. Competitive business decision making is often performed by a human operator and may not be timely or fully informed. These are decisions such as whether to perform a high cost repair or recycle a product or whether to use a batch of parts in repair or sell them on can be used to optimise product life-cycle management (PLM) and profit margins. A real-time decision making capability can reduce the risk of performing non-profitable processing. The novel contribution of this work is an interoperable semantic decision support toolset that is necessary to enable a capability for timely EoL decisions based on complete knowledge on profitability, predicted pricing and cost-of-production. Many decision support systems have been proposed for the EoL domain, but a lack of interoperability and use of unstructured knowledge bases has led to decisions based on knowledge that is not up to date. Using formalised, semantic technologies offers sustainable decision making in this volatile and increasingly competitive domain.
... Dwindling natural resources and excessive waste generation are forcing stakeholders and operators to discover the importance of sustainable practices in industrial networks. Some research on this topic has searched for technological solutions to manufacturingrelated environmental burdens ( Linke, 2015 ;Xia et al., 2015 ), however comprehensive analyses of environmentally benign manufacturing ( Allen et al., 2002 ;Gutowski et al., 2001 ) have found that these solutions are insufficient. Sustainable manufacturing is a multifaceted problem that needs systems-based solutions, with collaborations between all companies, stakeholders and publicprivate partners involved ( A. . ...
The sustainability of industrial practices is a growing point of emphasis in the research and business communities demanding effective systems-level solutions. Eco-Industrial Parks (EIPs), networks of co-located industries connected through mutually beneficial collaborations are a popular systems-level solution but have experienced highly variable degrees of success. Nestedness, a structure prevalent in mutualistic networks found in nature is our design focus for improved outcomes. This paper investigates how ecologically-similar nestedness values in EIPs relate to reductions of freshwater imports. The results indicate a range of nestedness values that support water conservation and critical thresholds for maximizing capital investments.
... Dwindling natural resources and excessive waste generation are forcing stakeholders and operators to discover the importance of sustainable practices in industrial networks. Some research on this topic has searched for technological solutions to manufacturingrelated environmental burdens ( Linke, 2015 ;Xia et al., 2015 ), however comprehensive analyses of environmentally benign manufacturing ( Allen et al., 2002 ;Gutowski et al., 2001 ) have found that these solutions are insufficient. Sustainable manufacturing is a multifaceted problem that needs systems-based solutions, with collaborations between all companies, stakeholders and publicprivate partners involved ( A. . ...
The sustainability of industrial practices is a growing point of emphasis in the research and business communities demanding effective systems-level solutions. Eco-Industrial Parks (EIPs), networks of co-located industries connected through mutually beneficial collaborations are a popular systems-level solution but have experienced highly variable degrees of success. Nestedness, a structure prevalent in mutualistic networks found in nature is our design focus for improved outcomes. This paper investigates how ecologically-similar nestedness values in EIPs relate to reductions of freshwater imports. The results indicate a range of nestedness values that support water conservation and critical thresholds for maximizing capital investments.
... In the proposed system, SOA is also introduced to manage the value-adding during the co-creation service process. An information framework for WEEE remanufacturing was suggested in the cloud environment based on semantics and cloud (Xia et al. 2014(Xia et al. , 2015a(Xia et al. , 2015b. In this research, planning and optimisation algorithms are also developed for WEEE disassembly. ...
The waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) recovery can be categorised into two types, i.e. recycling at the material level and remanufacturing at the component level. However, the WEEE recovery is facing enormous challenges of diversified individuals, lack of product knowledge, distributed location, and so forth. On the other hand, the latest ICT provides new methods and opportunities for industrial operation and management. Thus, in this research digital twin and Industry 4.0 enablers are introduced to the WEEE remanufacturing industry. The goal is to provide an integrated and reliable cyber-avatar of the individual WEEE, thus forming personalised service system. The main contribution presented in this paper is the novel digital twin-based system for the WEEE recovery to support the manufacturing/remanufacturing operations throughout the product’s life cycle, from design to recovery. Meanwhile, the international standard-compliant data models are also developed to support WEEE recovery services with high data interoperability. The feasibility of the proposed system and methodologies is validated and evaluated during implementations in the cloud and cyber-physical system.
