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2 An LH surge occurs at the time of ovulation and marks the division between the follicular phase (days 1–14) and the luteal phase (days 15–28). LH pulse pattern also changes across the menstrual cycle; pulse frequency
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The female athlete triad is defined as the interrelationships among energy availability, menstrual function, and bone mineral density. These dynamic components may transcend towards various clinical manifestations including eating disorders, functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, and osteoporosis. The occurrence of low energy availability, amenorrhea,...
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Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea is a state of reversible hypogonadism common in adolescents and young women that can be triggered by energy deficit or emotional stress or a combination of these factors. Energy deficit may be a consequence of (i) reduced caloric intake, as seen in patients with eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa, or (ii)...
Citations
... It may not be able to rebuild lost bone during our growing years, thus maintaining excellent habits is crucial. [3] suggested that the female athlete triad puts some young women at risk of developing poor bone health and accompanying issues. Low energy availability (with or without disordered eating), menstrual dysfunction, and low bone mineral density are all connected (BMD). ...
Osteoporosis affects millions of women around the world, but female athletes are at particular risk. These female athletes are at a higher risk due to the stress of their intensive workouts than the overall female population. In female athletes, the absence or suppression of menstruation results in a low peak bone mass, which weakens their bones. Combined with their physical activity, this domino effect dramatically increases their risk of stress fractures. Increased understanding of the dangers of osteoporosis may help female athletes avoid or decrease the symptoms of the disease. The purpose of this study is to educate female athletes on the need for ssreening the techniques for identifying and treating this disease.
... Período puberal (15) Drogas inductoras de hiperprolactinemia (antagonistas dopaminérgicos, opioides, entre otros) (15) Factores psicogénicos como anorexia y bulimia, estrés, síndrome depresivo (15) Sobreentrenamiento deportivo (15) Atletas y bailarinas que generalmente tienen un desbalance del gasto/consumo de energía y composición de dieta inadecuada (bajo contenido de grasas y mayor contenido de hidratos de carbono y/o proteínas) (15) Consumo excesivo de fibras dietéticas (15) Estos factores suelen observarse en deportes competitivos y/o estresantes (15) La Amenorrea Hipotalámica Funcional observada en atletas se asoció a una disminución en la DE, cuando la ingesta calórica es insuficiente para el gasto energético. Como consecuencia se genera un efecto supresor adaptativo para el sistema reproductor. ...
... Período puberal (15) Drogas inductoras de hiperprolactinemia (antagonistas dopaminérgicos, opioides, entre otros) (15) Factores psicogénicos como anorexia y bulimia, estrés, síndrome depresivo (15) Sobreentrenamiento deportivo (15) Atletas y bailarinas que generalmente tienen un desbalance del gasto/consumo de energía y composición de dieta inadecuada (bajo contenido de grasas y mayor contenido de hidratos de carbono y/o proteínas) (15) Consumo excesivo de fibras dietéticas (15) Estos factores suelen observarse en deportes competitivos y/o estresantes (15) La Amenorrea Hipotalámica Funcional observada en atletas se asoció a una disminución en la DE, cuando la ingesta calórica es insuficiente para el gasto energético. Como consecuencia se genera un efecto supresor adaptativo para el sistema reproductor. ...
... Período puberal (15) Drogas inductoras de hiperprolactinemia (antagonistas dopaminérgicos, opioides, entre otros) (15) Factores psicogénicos como anorexia y bulimia, estrés, síndrome depresivo (15) Sobreentrenamiento deportivo (15) Atletas y bailarinas que generalmente tienen un desbalance del gasto/consumo de energía y composición de dieta inadecuada (bajo contenido de grasas y mayor contenido de hidratos de carbono y/o proteínas) (15) Consumo excesivo de fibras dietéticas (15) Estos factores suelen observarse en deportes competitivos y/o estresantes (15) La Amenorrea Hipotalámica Funcional observada en atletas se asoció a una disminución en la DE, cuando la ingesta calórica es insuficiente para el gasto energético. Como consecuencia se genera un efecto supresor adaptativo para el sistema reproductor. ...
The Female Athlete Triad (Triad) and the more encompassing Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) are disorders caused by low energy availability (LEA). LEA is a state of insufficient energy intake by an athlete relative to their energy expenditure. Persistent LEA results in the deleterious consequences to health and performance that comprise RED-S. With respect to both the Triad and RED-S, researchers have called for more education of those involved with sport, particularly coaches, to help reduce the incidence of these disorders. Recent studies have shown that as few as 15% of coaches are aware of the Triad, with up to 89% unable to identify even one of its symptoms. RED-S is a more recently established concept such that coach knowledge regarding it has only begun to be assessed, but the results of these initial studies indicate similar trends as for the Triad. In this review, we synthesize research findings from 1986 to 2021 that pertains to LEA and RED-S, which coaches should know so they can better guide their athletes.
Background Adolescents' perception of their weight is a strong factor in shaping dietary habits and weight control and management. Among non-overweight and overweight adolescents, both overestimation and underestimation of weight status are associated with harmful effects. This study aimed to examine the relationship between perceived weight and attitude toward eating disorders among adolescent girls living in Karaj, Iran. Materials and Methods Involving a two-stage random sampling, this cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 537 high school girls 14-18 years of age living in Karaj. The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) was employed to screen for attitude toward eating disorders. Also, anthropometric measurements (weight and height), perceived and the ideal weights of the participants were assessed. Results The average age of girls participating in the study was 16.12±1.20. According to the results, 70% of girls had normal body mass index. It was found that the ideal weight of 55% of the girls in the normal body mass index group fell under the lower than normal boundary. Moreover, the prevalence of eating disorders was estimated to be 23.6%. The attitude toward eating disorder was significantly correlated with body mass index of participants and their self-concept (P < 0.05). Conclusion The results showed that girl's adolescent with normal BMI have tendency to the lower weight. Their opinion about ideal weight fall them to the underweight group. Concerns about lean and bony body require desirable planning and weight management for adolescent girls.
