Figure 4 - uploaded by Barbara Ganzel
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Amygdala activity and trauma intensity. (A) Correlation between the number of retrospectively reported symptoms of avoidance at worst trauma and signal change in left amygdala (fearful vs. calm contrast): r ϭ 0.58 , p Ͻ .01. (B) Correlation between the number of retrospectively reported symptoms of avoidance at worst trauma and signal change in right amygdala (fearful vs. calm contrast): r ϭ 0.42 , p ϭ .06.
Source publication
Does trauma exposure have a long-term impact on the brain and behavior of healthy individuals? The authors used functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess the impact of proximity to the disaster of September 11, 2001, on amygdala function in 22 healthy adults. More than three years after the terrorist attacks, bilateral amygdala activity in re...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... years since worst trauma and trauma intensity explained a substantial portion of the variance in the relationship between 9/11 group status and current symptoms (R 2 0.40). Increased symptoms of avoidance at time of worst trauma also predicted increases in percent signal change in the left and right amygdala to fearful versus calm faces (Table 2; Figure 4). While trauma intensity was correlated with years since worst trauma (r 0.48; p .05), it also contributed significantly to the explained variance of percent signal in the left amygdala (fear vs. calm) beyond that already accounted for by years since worst trauma ( 0.60, p .02; ...
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Theoretically, normal developmental variation in amygdala volumes may be altered under conditions of severe stress. The purpose of this paper was to examine if posttraumatic stress moderates the association between age and amygdala volumes in youth exposed to traumatic events who are experiencing symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. Volumetri...
DICER1 is an enzyme that generates mature microRNAs (miRNAs), which regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally in brain and other tissues and is involved in synaptic maturation and plasticity. Here, through genome-wide differential gene expression survey of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with comorbid depression (PTSD&Dep), we find that...
Citations
... Evidence of this was seen in people living in close proximity to the September 11 terrorist attacks in New York. Researchers found many were still experiencing heightened fear responses three full years after the attack (Ganzel, Casey, Glover, Voss, & Temple, 2007). ...
For a school counsellor or classroom teacher, working with newly arrived students from refugee backgrounds can be daunting, particularly with the awareness that these students have likely experienced significant and potentially horrific trauma. There is now a wealth of evidence showing that traumatic experiences can significantly impact our neurological development, resulting in difficulties in areas such as learning, behaviour, relationship building and emotion regulation, meaning newly arrived refugee students will often arrive at school with some significant challenges. While there is an extensive amount of literature on trauma, there is very little that focuses specifically on the refugee population, and even less on young people from refugee backgrounds. Predominantly, the research looks at chronic or developmental trauma such as child abuse and neglect, or acute trauma such as natural disasters. The following article looks at the refugee context specifically, breaking down the difference between acute, chronic and developmental trauma; and describing the neurological effects of trauma and suggesting some practical classroom-based strategies that can be employed to support and facilitate the recovery of students from refugee backgrounds.
