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In this paper, the effect of two types of water based cooling methods of amorphous silicon (a-Si) modules and a panel was studied in the summer period. One new (unused) and some 11-year-old a-Si modules and a panel with two different cooling techniques (sprinkling and flowing water cooling) were examined. Our reference for the evaluation was an unu...
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... the second phase the PV panel (with six a-Si modules) was studied (Fig. 6) in a way that only the panel was connected to the inverter. The other modules were disconnected at this time. That way the power surplus resulting from the cooling process could be measured. Here the TMPS solution, which was used in the first phase, could not be used. Thus, the data were supplied by the inverter. It is possible that ...
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The use of photovoltaic solar energy as an option to supplement electricity generation has grown significantly in Brazil. However, the number of residential and commercial facilities that effectively use this type of system is still small against the potential that the country has to this energy source. In this context, in order to contribute to th...
Depuis 2011, l'Europe a vu sa production et ses installations de modules photovoltaïques (PV) chuter, pourtant le marché mondial a crû de 20 %/an et le coût de l'électricité PV est passé de 21 à 8 c€/kWh, la rendant ainsi compétitive sur des marchés de plus en plus larges. A la veille de la Conférence Climat de la COP21, portons un autre regard sur...
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... Due to the low production cost, high efficiency, and decades-old production technology, crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells still dominate the market (Figure 3). Si (crystalline) photovoltaic modules can achieve efficiencies up to 21.9% and 25.6%, respectively [37][38][39][40][41][42]. In Europe, the m-Si, p-Si type has a typical yield of 10 ÷ 18% [43]. ...
In the step-by-step roadmap for limiting and eliminating power sources that use fossil fuel, especially coal-fired power, as well as for setting the Vietnamese government targets for developing renewable energy for replacement, solar farms and rooftop solar power, followed by floating photovoltaic (PV) power, are considered the best candidates for meeting the goals of land space, PV system operation efficiency, and meeting environmental goals. In addition to the rapid development of PV cell technology are the government’s incentives and financial support for PV plants on the water surface area, which is still very large. Floating PV plants will strongly attract investors in the near future. This study could help stakeholders in the market understand the economic–technical aspects from analyzing economic–financial indicators of floating PV plants with a capacity of 47.5 MW connected to the national utility grid 110 kV at Da Mi hydropower reservoir in Binh Thuan province, Vietnam, in May 2019. This is the first floating PV plant on the reservoir in Vietnam, and is the property of a third party.
... Probably because of their outstanding reliability, crystalline solar modules are the most common ones, boasting a market share of approximately 90%. The best efficiency that can be reached with p-Si modules is about 26.7%, while m-Si PV ones are capable of approximately 22.3% [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58]. Nevertheless, the efficiency of the m-Si and p-Si modules that are mostly used today lags behind to a great degree, and remain between 10-18% in the area of the EU [59]. ...
... Concerning the a-Si photovoltaic technology, which is a thin-film-based PV technology, the highest value of efficiency to be reached currently is only 10.5%, which is still about twice as high as the 4 to 6% of the a-Si modules mainly used today. As there is no data currently available about the market share of a-Si technology, one can only make assumptions on the basis of the fact that the total share of all thin-film solar modules constitutes about 10% [49,52,53,[57][58][59][60][61]. ...
With the spread of the use of renewable sources of energy, weather-dependent solar energy is also coming more and more to the fore. The quantity of generated electric power changes proportionally to the intensity of solar radiation. Thus, a cloudy day, for example, greatly reduces the amount of electricity produced from this energy source. In the countries of the European Union solar power plants are obligated to prepare power generation forecasts broken down to 15- or 60-min intervals. The interest of the regionally responsible transmission system operators is to be provided with forecasts with the least possible deviation from the actual figures. This paper examines the Visegrad countries’ intraday photovoltaic forecasts and their deviations from real power generation based on the photovoltaic power capacity monitored by the transmission system operators in each country. The novelty of this study lies in the fact that, in the context of monitored PV capacities in the Visegrad countries, it examines the regulation capacities needed for keeping the forecasts. After comparing the needs for positive and negative regulation, the author made deductions regarding storage possibilities complementing electrochemical regulation, based on the balance. The paper sought answers concerning the technologies required for the balancing of PV power plants in the examined countries. It was established that, as a result of photovoltaic power capacity regulation, among the four Visegrad countries, only the Hungarian transmission system operator has negative required power regulation, which could be utilized in power-to-gas plants. This power could be used to produce approximately 2.1 million Nm3 biomethane with a 98% methane content, which could be used to improve approximately 4 million Nm3 biogas of poor quality by enriching it (minimum 60% methane content), so that it can be utilized. The above process could enhance the viability of 4–6 low-methane agricultural biogas plants in Hungary.
... In the case of unglazed glazing of a photovoltaic, the decrease in electrical efficiency is linear and equal to 0.015 when the temperature was between 25 °C and 34 °C and the solar radiation increased from 100 to 1000 W/m 2 [38]. According, Zsiborács et al. [39], with silicon photovoltaic cells, a decrease of 1 °C in temperature will result in an average increase of 0.27% in efficiency of energy production. ...
Access to electricity and supplying reliable energy are the key elements that support local economic development and contribute to reducing poverty. Moreover, the problem of environmental protection can be considered as a factor of sustainable development. In response to these many challenges, appropriate national and regional policies, as well as mechanisms, have been implemented. In Mali, strong dependence on the importation of oil, growth in demand, and the low rate of electrification have pushed the highest authorities to think of diversified technological solutions like renewable energy for the satisfaction of energy demands, especially photovoltaics, for which the country has significant potential. The hybrid systems used is a compromise, because the emission rate of carbon dioxide emitted by thermal power plants must be reduced and limited to preserve supernatural disasters. For this, hybrid photovoltaic systems coupled to the grid increased, but the management of the production of these photovoltaics poses a lot of problem due to its intermittent status. It is in this context that we conducted an optimization study of a hybrid system photovoltaic connected to the grid. We applied our approach to the most extensive distribution post of Mali capital. For the simulation, we used the modeling and simulation tool named HOMER.
... In the case of the p-Si and m-Si PV modules it is possible to achieve an efficiency of even 21.9% and 25.6%, respectively. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. The efficiency of the most commonly used m-Si and p-Si modules is typically between 10-18% in the EU [25]. ...
... The price of a-Si technology may even be as low as 0.06-0.09 €/WP, which is a significant advantage promoting the spread of PV technology in the European Union (EU) [15,[18][19][20][24][25][26][27]. The components of crystalline PV technology are shown in Figure 1. ...
The energy demand of mankind is constantly growing, thus the utilization of various renewable energy sources, which also reduces negative environmental effects, is becoming more and more important. Because of the achievement of climate protection targets, photovoltaic (PV) energy has an increasing role in the global energy mix. This paper presents the technical and economic aspects of different photovoltaic system configurations designed to suit the Hungarian renewable energy regulations. In this study, five alternative PV configurations were examined for systems with a capacity from 50 kW to 500 kW, related to low-and medium-voltage installations. This article also introduces and explains the Hungarian economic PV and Feed-in-Tariff (FiT) regulations, where three different investment alternatives are analyzed with the help of economic indicators. This study could help stakeholders in the market (e.g., the Hungarian industry sector and local governments) understand the possible directions of technical and economic PV development. According to the results, the payback periods in all the studied economic-technical cases were below 10 years. The experimental results show that each investment option may be a good decision from an economic and technical point of view under the Hungarian regulations in force in 2019.
... L'énergie solaire est la source la plus propre et durable disponible en grande quantité pour une grande majorité de la population mondiale. Environ 108 TWh d'énergie solaire arrivent à la surface de la terre chaque année correspondant à un potentiel de 8000 fois plus grand que la quantité d'énergie demandée dans le monde [1]. Seule une infime partie de cette énergie est exploitée par l'homme pour ses besoins quotidiens. ...
L'objectif principal de cette étude est l'optimisation de la production d'électricité d'une centrale photovoltaïque d'une puissance de 50MWc, située à KITA dans une zone dont le climat est caractérisé par de hautes températures. La connaissance de la température des cellules photovoltaïques (PV) est d'une importance significative pour la prédiction de l'efficacité que le système PV peut atteindre pendant le fonctionnement. Dans cette étude on se focalise sur l'analyse de l'écoulement de convection forcée laminaire autour d'un panneau PV, élément principal d'une centrale photovoltaïque, soumis aux conditions climatiques spécifiques du Mali pour une journée type, c'est-à-dire la température ambiante, l'éclairement ainsi que la vitesse et la direction du vent. Les équations de transport de masse, de quantité de mouvement et de l'énergie sont résolues numériquement en utilisant la méthode des volumes finis. Nos résultats montrent que la prise en compte de l'effet du vent joue un rôle important dans l'estimations de température des cellules photovoltaïques.
... One type of thin film PV technology is amorphous silicon photovoltaic technology, which has 10.5% efficiency. Their market share is unknown, but the share of all thin-film solar modules is around 10-15% [1,[10][11][12]16,17]. A special type of the thin-film technology, called dye-sensitized solar cells, have an important role in renewable energy-related research activity due to their features and low-cost manufacturing processes [18]. ...
... According to Zsiborács et al. [16], with new and 11 year-old amorphous silicon photovoltaic modules with optimum environmental conditions, orientation, and average power, using either non-networking or networking a-Si panels or string modules, a 1 • C decrease in temperature results in an average unit increase in the efficiency of energy production of 0.27%. These results are similar to those of Chandrasekar et al. [16] (0.21%/ • C) and confirm the results of Skoplaki and Palyvos [20,21] (0.2-0.3%/ • C). ...
This paper examines the thermal properties of free-standing, ground-installed, south-facing crystalline and amorphous silicon photovoltaic modules, the remaining energy and the energy generation of the modules, in ideal and actual summer weather conditions. This work studies the algorithms in other studies used to describe the thermal processes occurring on the surface of photovoltaic modules. Using accurate devices and real, measured data, the deviations and the inaccuracies of theoretical approaches are investigated. The emphasis of the present study is to improve the simulation accuracy of the total emitted long-wave radiation at the module surface and to show the appropriate overall convection coefficient values for ground-mounted south-facing photovoltaic technologies. The innovative aspect of the present paper is an improved model resulting from an improved convective heat transfer and net long-wave radiation calculation. As a result of this research, algorithms describing the energy fluxes were developed. These algorithms have a 1-3% better accuracy of the net long-wave radiation calculations at the module surface. The rate of net energy exchange by convection at the module surface could be improved by 10-12% compared to the previous literature.
... Table 1. Efficiency rates and market share of mono-(m-Si), polycrystalline (p-Si), and amorphous silicon (a-Si) photovoltaic (PV) modules [5, [18][19][20][21][22]. ...
The aim of the study is to compare the tilt angle-orientation and dual-axis tracking characteristics of mono-(m-Si), polycrystalline (p-Si), and amorphous silicon (a-Si) modules in the summer of 2017, under real meteorological conditions with simulated data. The most important new element of our study is that, besides a comparison of the three most significant photovoltaic types, the technologies are differentiated by examining specific energy generation using dual-axis tracking and four different orientations at 5-degree intervals compared to simulated values, near to the summer solstice. For these types of measurements, as far as we are aware, there is no previous reliable, well-supported, comparative data. The simulated data show less accurate results, proving the importance of real data. Based on simulated data, the tilt angle and orientation showed about 10% favorable values compared to reality. Knowing our results can make it easier to plan investment, and estimate the investment and operational costs and their return on crystalline and amorphous silicon solar modules, for both sun-tracking and fixed systems with various orientations and tilt angles.
