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Amarenomyces ammophilae (S-F77691). a Specimens and herbarium label b Ascomata visible on host surface. c Section through ascoma. d Section through peridium. e Asci with cellular
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Phaeosphaeriaceae is a large and important family in the order Pleosporales which includes economically important plant pathogens. Species may also be endophytes or saprobes on plant hosts, especially on monocotyledons (e.g., Cannaceae, Cyperaceae, Juncaceae, Poaceae); some species have also been reported on dicotyledons. The family previously acco...
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... A comprehensive study of the genera in Pleosporales was carried out by Zhang et al. (2012), based on morphological studies of the type specimens coupled with phylogenetic analyses. Consequently, the taxonomic treatment of numerous Pleosporales was updated by various authors, based on polyphasic taxonomic approaches, mainly using morphology-phylogeny-based taxonomy (Ariyawansa et al. 2014(Ariyawansa et al. , 2015aPhookamsak et al. 2014Phookamsak et al. , 2015Tanaka et al. 2015;Thambugala et al. 2015;Boonmee et al. 2016;Jaklitsch and Voglmayr 2016;Jaklitsch et al. 2016aJaklitsch et al. , b, 2018Su et al. 2016;Chen et al. 2017;Hashimoto et al. 2017;Wanasinghe et al. 2017a, b). Even though novel taxa of Pleosporales have been dramatically increasing over the last ten years after the taxonomic circumscription provided by Zhang et al. (2012) and Hyde et al. (2013), there is still over a quarter of the total known species lacking molecular data and/or reliable phylogenetic markers for clarifying the placements in Pleosporales. ...
... A comprehensive study of the genera in Pleosporales was carried out by Zhang et al. (2012), based on morphological studies of the type specimens coupled with phylogenetic analyses. Consequently, the taxonomic treatment of numerous Pleosporales was updated by various authors, based on polyphasic taxonomic approaches, mainly using morphology-phylogeny-based taxonomy (Ariyawansa et al. 2014(Ariyawansa et al. , 2015aPhookamsak et al. 2014Phookamsak et al. , 2015Tanaka et al. 2015;Thambugala et al. 2015;Boonmee et al. 2016;Jaklitsch and Voglmayr 2016;Jaklitsch et al. 2016aJaklitsch et al. , b, 2018Su et al. 2016;Chen et al. 2017;Hashimoto et al. 2017;Wanasinghe et al. 2017a, b). Even though novel taxa of Pleosporales have been dramatically increasing over the last ten years after the taxonomic circumscription provided by Zhang et al. (2012) and Hyde et al. (2013), there is still over a quarter of the total known species lacking molecular data and/or reliable phylogenetic markers for clarifying the placements in Pleosporales. ...
... The component of PCR reaction was performed in a total volume of 25 μl, containing 2 μl DNA template (30-50 ng/μl), 1 μl of each forward and reverse primer (10 μM), 12.5 μl Master Mix (mixture of EasyTaqTM DNA Polymerase, dNTPs and optimised buffer; Beijing TransGen Biotech Co., Ltd., Chaoyang District, Beijing, China) and 8.5 µl of double-distilled water (ddH 2 O). The thermal cycle of PCR amplification for ITS, LSU, SSU, rpb2 and tef1-α was set up following Phookamsak et al. (2014Phookamsak et al. ( , 2023. PCR products were purified and sequenced by using PCR primers at TsingKe Biological Technology (Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China). ...
This article presents the results of an ongoing inventory of Ascomycota in Yunnan, China, carried out as part of the research project series “Exploring ascomycete diversity in Yunnan”. From over 100 samples collected from diverse host substrates, microfungi have been isolated, identified and are currently being documented. The primary objective of this research is to promote the discovery of novel taxa and explore the ascomycete diversity in the region, utilising a morphology-phylogeny approach. This article represents the second series of species descriptions for the project and introduces three undocumented species found in the families Bambusicolaceae, Dictyosporiaceae and Periconiaceae, belonging to the suborder Massarineae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes). These novel taxa exhibit typical morphological characteristics of Bambusicola, Periconia and Trichobotrys, leading to their designation as Bambusicola hongheensis, Periconia kunmingensis and Trichobotrys sinensis. Comprehensive multigene phylogenetic analyses were conducted to validate the novelty of these species. The results revealed well-defined clades that are clearly distinct from other related species, providing robust support for their placement within their respective families. Notably, this study unveils the phylogenetic affinity of Trichobotrys within Dictyosporiaceae for the first time. Additionally, the synanamorphism for the genus Trichobotrys is also reported for the first time. Detailed descriptions, illustrations and updated phylogenies of the novel species are provided, and thus presenting a valuable resource for researchers and mycologists interested in the diversity of ascomycetes in Yunnan. By enhancing our understanding of the Ascomycota diversity in this region, this research contributes to the broader field of fungal taxonomy and their phylogenetic understanding.
... Neosetophoma italica was first found as saprobic on dead leaves of Iris germanica L. in Italy and typified in 2015 [44]. Its close relative, N. samararum has been reported as a pathogen causing leaf spots of various hosts [45], but to date, N. italica has never been shown to infect plant hosts. The increased virulence of N. italica revealed here may suggest the predominant role of this species in GTD-associated microbiome, and should be taken into consideration in future surveys in Greece and elsewhere. ...
A three-year survey was conducted to estimate the incidence of grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) in Greece and identify fungi associated with the disease complex. In total, 310 vineyards in different geographical regions in northern, central, and southern Greece were surveyed, and 533 fungal strains were isolated from diseased vines. Morphological, physiological and molecular (5.8S rRNA gene-ITS sequencing) analyses revealed that isolates belonged to 35 distinct fungal genera, including well-known (e.g., Botryosphaeria sp., Diaporthe spp., Eutypa sp., Diplodia sp., Fomitiporia sp., Phaeoacremonium spp., Phaeomoniella sp.) and lesser-known (e.g., Neosetophoma sp., Seimatosporium sp., Didymosphaeria sp., Kalmusia sp.) grapevine wood inhabitants. The GTDs-inducing population structure differed significantly among the discrete geographical zones. Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (26.62%, n = 70), Diaporthe spp. (18.25%, n = 48) and F. mediterranea (10.27%, n = 27) were the most prevalent in Heraklion, whereas D. seriata, Alternaria spp., P. chlamydospora and Fusarium spp. were predominant in Nemea (central Greece). In Amyntaio and Kavala (northern Greece), D. seriata was the most frequently isolated species (>50% frequency). Multi-genes (rDNA-ITS, LSU, tef1-α, tub2, act) sequencing of selected isolates, followed by pathogenicity tests, revealed that Neosetophoma italica, Seimatosporium vitis, Didymosphaeria variabile and Kalmusia variispora caused wood infection, with the former being the most virulent. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of N. italica associated with GTDs worldwide. This is also the first record of K. variispora, S. vitis and D. variabile associated with wood infection of grapevine in Greece. The potential associations of disease indices with vine age, cultivar, GTD-associated population structure and the prevailing meteorological conditions in different viticultural zones in Greece are presented and discussed.
... Phaeosphaeriaceae (Pleosporales) is one of the largest families in the Dothideomycetes (Phookamsak et al. 2014, Mapook et al. 2020, wijayawardene et al. 2022. the family was typified by Phaeosphaeria (barr 1979) with Phaeosphaeria oryzae (Miyake 1909). ...
... the family was typified by Phaeosphaeria (barr 1979) with Phaeosphaeria oryzae (Miyake 1909). the morphological traits to differentiate species in this family are sometimes unclear and can be mistaken for those in Didymosphaeriaceae and leptosphaeriaceae (Zhang et al. 2009, Phookamsak et al. 2014, yang et al. 2019. Phookamsak et al. (2014) revised the genera in Phaeosphaeriaceae based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence. ...
... the morphological traits to differentiate species in this family are sometimes unclear and can be mistaken for those in Didymosphaeriaceae and leptosphaeriaceae (Zhang et al. 2009, Phookamsak et al. 2014, yang et al. 2019. Phookamsak et al. (2014) revised the genera in Phaeosphaeriaceae based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence. Subsequently, many new genera were introduced to the family based on morpho-molecular data , tennakoon et al. 2016, ahmed et al. 2017, Devadatha et al. 2019, yang et al. 2019, Mapook et al. 2020). ...
In this study, a saprobic species of Murichromolaenicola (Phaeosphaeriaceae, Dothideomycetes) was collected from dead
stems of Chromolaena odorata in northern Thailand. It is introduced as a new species Murichromolaenicola thailandensis
sp. nov. based on morphology and multigene phylogeny of combined LSU, SSU, ITS, tef1-α, and rpb2 sequence data.
Murichromolaenicola thailandensis is similar to other Murichromolaenicola species by having muriform spores but can be
differentiated by its smaller conidia with a gelatinous cap and the number of septa on conidia. Here, we present a detailed
description, illustrations and antibacterial potential of this new species. Our findings contribute to the expanding knowledge
of fungal diversity in Thailand and highlight the importance of utilizing molecular approaches to accurately identify and
classify fungi in Ascomycota.
... However, some members of Acrocalymma are also plant pathogens (Das et al., 2020). Similarly, OTU 499, belonging to the Phaeosphaeriaceae family, was enriched in intercropped Napier rhizospheres and is a monocotyledon-associated plant saprotroph or pathogen (Cannon and Kirk, 2007;Phookamsak et al., 2014). Lastly, Dentiscutata (OTU 828) in Napier is a known bene cial AMF genus that has been identi ed in acidic tropical agricultural soils, including India (Khade, 2010) and Brazil (Krüger et al., 2014). ...
In low-fertility tropical agroecosystems, intercropping with perennial legumes has the potential to maximize biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and improve non-legume nitrogen (N) uptake and yields. However, the microbial interactions that facilitate the beneficial effects of intercropping in perennial systems remain largely uncharacterized, particularly in the tropics. In this study, we explored the contribution of root-associated bacteria and fungi to N content and the nutritional characteristics of perennial grasses ( Cenchrus purpureus and Brachiaria cv. Mulato II) and an annual cereal ( Zea mays ) intercropped with a perennial legume ( Desmodium sp). Sampling approximately every 8 weeks at the time of forage grass anthesis, we collected biomass leaf tissue, bulk soil, and rhizosphere soil. We calculated nitrogen derived from the atmosphere (Ndfa) in Desmodium leaf tissue to estimate BNF and found that Ndfa increased in intercropping arrangements relative to single-cropped Desmodium by 91.6–147.1% on average in intercropped stands with Brachiaria and C. purpureus . Intercropping also induced positive changes in non-legume tissue quality in a species- and site-dependent manner. Furthermore, we identified microbial taxa that were significantly enriched in the rhizosphere of intercropped plants relative to monocropped plants and which correlated to multiple forage nutritive quality metrics. Fungal community structure responded more strongly to the presence of a legume intercrop than bacterial communities. We also identified species-specific trends in the degree to which monocropped and intercropped rhizosphere communities differed. Overall, this study suggests that perennial legume intercropping may recruit beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms in rainfed tropical soils to facilitate nutritional benefits in the non-legume companion crop and highlights the complexity of rhizospheric microbial interactions in intercropped systems.
... org/ page/ Simple% 20nam es% 20sea rch). The representatives of Phaeosphaeriaceae have been reported from a wide variety of terrestrial and aquatic habitats (Phookamsak et al. 2014;Tennakoon et al. 2020). The family comprises saprobic, endophytic and plant pathogenic representatives, especially on monocotyledonous plants (Phookamsak et al. 2014;Tennakoon et al. 2020), as well as the recently introduced fungi Tintelnotia spp. as human pathogens (Ahmed et al. 2017). ...
... The representatives of Phaeosphaeriaceae have been reported from a wide variety of terrestrial and aquatic habitats (Phookamsak et al. 2014;Tennakoon et al. 2020). The family comprises saprobic, endophytic and plant pathogenic representatives, especially on monocotyledonous plants (Phookamsak et al. 2014;Tennakoon et al. 2020), as well as the recently introduced fungi Tintelnotia spp. as human pathogens (Ahmed et al. 2017). Morphologically, they are mainly characterised by immersed to erumpent and superficial, (sub-)globose ascomata, short papilla and bitunicate asci (Barr 1979;Tennakoon et al. 2020). ...
In this study fungal strains were investigated, which had been isolated from eggs of the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera filipjevi, and roots of Microthlaspi perfoliatum (Brassicaceae). The morphology, the interaction with nematodes and plants and the phylogenetic relationships of these strains originating from a broad geographic range covering Western Europe to Asia Minor were studied. Phylogenetic analyses using five genomic loci including ITSrDNA, LSUrDNA, SSUrDNA, rpb2 and tef1-α were carried out. The strains were found to represent a distinct phylogenetic lineage
most closely related to Equiseticola and Ophiosphaerella, and Polydomus karssenii (Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales) is introduced here as a new species representing a monotypic genus. The pathogenicity tests against nematode eggs
fulfilled Koch’s postulates using in vitro nematode bioassays and showed that the fungus could parasitise its original nematode host H. filipjevi as well as the sugar beet cyst nematode H. schachtii, and colonise cysts and eggs of its hosts
by forming highly melanised moniliform hyphae. Light microscopic observations on fungus-root interactions in an axenic system revealed the capacity of the same fungal strain to colonise the roots of wheat and produce melanised hyphae and microsclerotia-like structure typical for dark septate endophytes. Confocal laser scanning microscopy further demonstrated that the fungus colonised the root cells by predominant intercellular growth of hyphae, and frequent formation of appressorium-like as well as penetration peg-like structures through internal cell walls surrounded by callosic papilla-like structures. Different strains of the new fungus produced a nearly identical set of secondary metabolites with various biological activities including nematicidal effects irrespective of their origin from plants or nematodes.
... The kingdom of fungi, proposed by Hibbett et al. (2007), includes one subkingdom (Dikaria) and seven Chapter 1 • World of fungi and fungal ecosystems 9 phyla: Blastocladiomycota, Glomeromycota, Chytridiomycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Microsporidia, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota; four subphyla, namely Entomophthoromycotina, Kickxellomycotina, Mucoromycotina, Zoopagomycotina, and a total of 31 classes (Hibbett et al., 2007) (Fig. 2). Over the last few years, different approaches, reclassifications, and updates on fungal taxonomy have been made (Gryganskyi et al., 2012;Hyde et al., 2013;Slippers et al., 2013;Phookamsak et al., 2014;Ariyawansa et al., 2015;Li et al., 2016;Spatafora et al., 2016;Marin-Felix et al., 2017, 2019R eblová et al., 2018;Voglmayr et al., 2019;Mitchell et al., 2021). Tedersoo et al. (2018) described and proposed an updated classification for the fungal kingdom based on divergence time and phylogenies of particular taxa. ...
... Phaeosphaeriaceae is a large family in the order Pleosporales and includes plant pathogens, endophytes, and saprobes on plant hosts [6]. Phaeosphaeriaceae was first introduced by Barr in 1979 [7] and subsequently revised by taxonomists [6,[8][9][10][11] on the basis of morphological and phylogenetic evidences. ...
... Phaeosphaeriaceae is a large family in the order Pleosporales and includes plant pathogens, endophytes, and saprobes on plant hosts [6]. Phaeosphaeriaceae was first introduced by Barr in 1979 [7] and subsequently revised by taxonomists [6,[8][9][10][11] on the basis of morphological and phylogenetic evidences. The morphological evidences are mainly based on their ascomata (globose or conical, short papillate, small to medium), bitunicate asci, yellowish or brown ascospores, and pycnidial conidiomata. ...
... The morphological evidences are mainly based on their ascomata (globose or conical, short papillate, small to medium), bitunicate asci, yellowish or brown ascospores, and pycnidial conidiomata. More information on the taxonomy of Phaeospaeriaceae was introduced by Barr in 1979 [7] and Phookamsak et al. in 2014 [6]. The fungi in Phaeosphaeriaceae typically live on herbaceous stems or monocotyledonous leaves, culms, or flowers, but also on woody substrates [7][8][9][10][11]. ...
Fungi in forest litter are diverse as decomposers but natural products from these fungi are rarely investigated, especially for their antimicrobial activities against crop diseases. In this study, fungal isolate SGSF723 with antimicrobial activities was cultured. A multi-gene phylogenetic analysis showed SGSF723 was an undescribed species in the family Phaeosphaeriaceae. By bio-guided assay, three new compounds (Phaeosphaeridiols A–C) and two known compounds were purified from the ethyl acetate extract. The structures of Phaeosphaeridiols A–C were elucidated as 2-(2′-butenyl)-5 (3″-pentene)-1,3-benzenediol (1), 2-(2′-butenyl)-5-(3″S,4″S-pentane diol)-1,3-benzenediol (2), and 3-(4′-(2″-butenyl)-3′,5′-benzenediol phenol)-2-acrylic acid (3) by 2D NMR, HRESIMS, and Mosher’s method. Phaeosphaeridiols A–C exhibited moderate or weak antimicrobial activities against plant pathogens by 96-well plate and spore germination assays.
... Phaeosphaeriaceae is one of the most important and species-rich families in Pleosporales with diverse lifestyles [55,56], and may be found on herbaceous stems or monocotyledonous culms, branches, leaves, flowers, and woody substrates [57,58]. Currently, more than 70 genera are accommodated in Phaeosphaeriaceae [59]. ...
In the present study, we surveyed the ascomycetes from bamboo of Phyllostachys across Sichuan Province, China. A biphasic approach based on morphological characteristics and multi-gene phylogeny confirmed seven species, including one new genus, two new species, and five new host record species. A novel genus Paralloneottiosporina is introduced to accommodate Pa. sichuanen-sis that was collected from leaves of Phyllostachys violascens. Moreover, the newly introduced species Bifusisporella sichuanensis was isolated from leaves of P. edulis, and five species were newly recorded on bamboos, four species belonging to Apiospora, viz. Ap. yunnana, Ap. neosubglobosa, Ap. jiang-xiensis, and Ap. hydei, and the last species, Seriascoma yunnanense, isolated from dead culms of P. heterocycla. Morphologically similar and phylogenetically related taxa were compared. Comprehensive descriptions, color photo plates of micromorphology are provided.
... Thus, this is the first report on the ability of E. clematidis to degrade Impranil. Recently, Phaeosphaeriaceae was evaluated as a big family, consisting of more than 300 species of economically important plant pathogens, endophytes, or saprobes on plants (Phookamsak et al., 2014). The degradation activity suggests that the fungi in this family might be a promising source of biodiversity for testing important bioremediation activities. ...
Polyester urethanes (PUR) are widely used in industries and have led to a worldwide plastic waste problem. Thus, novel solutions for PUR degradation are required to reduce environmental pollution. This work investigates the PUR biodegradation efficiency of 33 fungal species using a polyester-polyurethane colloid branded Impranil DLN (Impranil) compared to Aspergillus niger, which served as the positive control. The biodegradation is evaluated based on its ability to clear Impranil in media. Eleven fungi can clear Impranil in both solid- and liquid-medium assays. The highest degradation was attributed to Embarria clematidis cultured with Impranil as a carbon source. The degradation was confirmed by the Sturm test, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). From the Sturm test, CO2 at a concentration of 0.85 g/L was found in E. clematidis cultured with 150 mL of Impranil solution after a 2-week incubation period while the CO2 at a concentration of 0.53 g/L was detected from A. niger in the same conditions. The biodegradation was further confirmed by evaluating the clearance percentage of supernatant of E. clematidis and A. niger culturing with Impranil from the Sturm test. The clearance percentage of E. clematidis and A. niger supernatant was 88.84 and 48.97%, respectively. Moreover, the degradation of soft segment and breakdown of ester linkages were observed, as evidenced by the decrease of the carbonyl (1,715 cm–1) and N-H stretching (1,340 cm–1 and 1,020 cm–1) FTIR spectral peaks, respectively. GC-MS detected 3Z-heptenol, 5Z-octenol, 2E,4E-hexadienol acetate, and 3E,6Z-nonadienol as degradation products from the E. clematidis culture supernatant. This fungus was screened for its ability to produce extracellular esterase, protease, and urease enzymes. Extracellular esterase, very low urease, and no protease activities were detected in the culture supernatant of E. clematidis in the presence of Impranil. E. clematidis can degrade Impranil partially via hydrolysis of ester linkages by cell-bound esterases at a considerable rate without any prior treatment. This fungus not only degraded Impranil but also mineralized them into CO2 and H2O. E. clematidis can be applied in the process of biochemical depolymerization of PUR for the pure monomers recycling.
... [1][2][3]. This family is characterized by conical or globose ascomata, scleroplectenchymatous or plectenchymatous peridium cells, cylindrical to oblong pedicellate asci, and septate reddish-brown or yellowish-brown ascospores ( Figure 1) [2,4,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Although Leptosphaeriaceae is similar to Phaeosphaeriaceae, the peridium structure is morphologically distinguishable [15]. ...
Leptosphaeriaceae, a diverse family in the order Pleosporales, is remarkable for its scleroplectenchymatous or plectenchymatous peridium cells. Four Leptosphaeriaceae species were discovered and studied during the investigation of saprobic fungi from plant substrates in China. Novel
taxa were defined using multiloci phylogenetic analyses and are supported by morphology. Based
on maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) analyses, these isolates represent three
novel taxa and one new record within Leptosphaeriaceae. A new genus, Angularia, is introduced to
accommodate Angularia xanthoceratis, with a synopsis chart for 15 genera in Leptosphaeriaceae. This
study also revealed a new species, Plenodomus changchunensis, and a new record of Alternariaster
centaureae-diffusae. These species add to the increasing number of fungi known from China.
