Figure 3 - uploaded by Jiratthi Satthaphorn
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Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC.: A. habit; B. inflorescence showing purplish pink flowers; C. orangish-yellow flowers; D. young fruits; E. dried fruit with persistent calyx (Satthaphorn & Leeratiwong 74); F. fruit surface showing obscurely coarsely reticulate veins (Satthaphorn & Leeratiwong 74). Photos: A-B & D-F by J. Satthaphorn and C by C. Leeratiwong.
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The three species of Alysicarpus known from Thailand are described with notes on their distribution and ecological data, vernacular names and photographs. They are Alysicarpus bupleurifolius, A. rugosus and A. vaginalis. A key for the identification of the three species is provided. A lectotype for Alysicarpus wallichii is selected here.
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Citations
... Out of these, seven are endemic. In 2019, Alysicarpus bhuibavadensis, a new species has been reported from Western Ghats which adds to total 19 species in India and 31 species all over the world [8]. 3 species have been reported from Thailand [9], 4 species from South Africa [10]. Alysicarpus rugosus is distributed in Indian states like Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Uttarakhand, Himachal, Assam, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh (Deepa et al. 2023) [8,11,12,13,14,15]. ...
A wild habitat of Alysicarpus rugosus (Willd.) DC. is reported for the first time for the flora of Odisha from Rourkela Forest Division. A detailed description with nomenclature, habitat, associated species and photographs are provided for easy identification in the field.
... Pods are dehiscent or indehiscent with one to several articles as well as one to several seeds. Seeds are reniform, rectangular, or quadrangular (e.g., Ohashi 1973Ohashi , 1982Ohashi , 2004aOhashi , 2004bNiyomdham 1994;Pedley 1999;Saisorn and Chantaranothai 2013, 2015Lima et al. 2014;Leeratiwong et al. 2017;Satthaphorn et al. 2018;Tokaew et al. 2020). ...
Saisorn W, Suddee S. 2023. Seed micromorphology of tribe Desmodieae (subfamily Papilionoideae, family Leguminosae) from Thailand with its taxonomic implications. Biodiversitas 24: 5572-5585. The seed micromorphology of 21 genera and 58 species of the tribe Desmodieae in Thailand was studied. The result showed that the shape of the seed can be ellipsoid or transversely ellipsoid, irregular, oblongoid, quadrangular, rectangular, reniform, rhomboid, subcircular, and triangular. An oblongoid shape is restricted to the genus Sohmaea; the seeds’ length, width, and thickness are 0.94-5.93 mm, 0.78-3.65 mm, and 0.39-1.92 mm, respectively. The testa color can be light green to green, yellow, light to dark brown, or black. Testa patterns can be classified into nine types: colliculate, colliculate-rugulate, fissured, pitted, reticulate, reticulate-reticulate, reticulate-rugulate, rugulate, and smooth. The rim-arillate aril can be thin, thick, or well-developed. This tribe is classified into three groups based on aril types. Group I: a thin rim-arillate type is restricted to Akschindlium godefroyanum. Group II: a thick rim-arillate type is found on the seeds of the most studied plants. Group III: a well-developed rim-arillate type is a taxonomic characteristic of Codariocalyx. The overall shape of the rim-arillate aril is subcircular, circular, subcircular-elliptic, elliptic, elliptic-oblong, and oblong. An oblong shape of the rim-arillate aril is a unique character for Grona heterophylla compared to other species within Grona.
... The genus Alysicarpus Necker ex Desvaux (1813: 120) belongs to the subfamily Papilionoideae, tribe Desmodieae of the Leguminosae. It includes about 35 species and 20 infra specific taxa (Pedly 2001, Lewis et al. 2005, Huang & Ohashi 2010, Hassemer et al. 2017, Leeratiwong et al. 2017, Pokle 2017, Dalavi et al. 2019, distributed in almost all tropical and subtropical regions of the Old World. Alysicarpus is represented in India by about 18 species and nine infra specific taxa, of which seven species and eight infra specific taxa are endemic (Sanjappa 1992, Pokle 2002, Dhabe 2013, Singh et al. 2015, Gholami et al. 2017, Pokle 2017, Dalavi et al. 2019. ...
The taxonomic identity of recently described Alysicarpus pokleanus is resolved here as synonym of A. hamosus. The image of type specimen of A. hamosus and A. pokleanus along with colour photographs of fresh collection of A. hamosus from the type locality are also provided. Further, the inconsistencies in the protologue of A. pokleanus are discussed in the present paper.
... The genus Alysicarpus Necker ex Desvaux (1813: 120) belongs to the subfamily Papilionoideae, tribe Desmodieae of Leguminosae. It comprises about 34 species and 20 infra specific taxa, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions in Africa, Asia and Australia, with maximum diversity in India (Pedley 2001, Adema 2003, Lewis 2005, Huang and Ohashi 2010, Hassemer et al. 2017, Leeratiwong et al. 2017, Pokle 2017. Approximately 17 species and 9 infraspecific taxa of Alysicarpus occur in India, of which seven species and eight infraspecific taxa are endemic (Sanjappa 1992, Pokle 2002, Dhabe 2013, Singh et al. 2015, Gholami et al. 2017, Pokle 2017. ...
Alysicarpus procumbens (Desmodieae, Leguminosae/Fabaceae), is a for the genus highly unique species. It resembles Desmodium in its peculiarly compressed pod, but is similar to Alysicarpus in having uni‐foliolate leaves (sometimes mixed one and three‐foliolate), scarious stipules, ebracteolate flowers, scarious persistent calyx and by the nature of the flowers. Still, A. procumbens has been treated as synonym A. hamosus. After examination of type material, the protologue and a large number of specimens deposited in different herbaria, as well as fresh collections of both species, it is concluded that A. procumbens distinctly differ from A. hamosus not only in the compressed pod, but also in the shape of leaves, broadness of pod joints, internally septate pods, the nature of pod breakage and shape of seeds. Based on these distinct morphological characters, A. procumbens is reinstated as a species. A colour drawing is designated as the lectotype of A. procumbens. A detailed description along with an illustration, color photographs of live plant and a comparison with A. hamosus are provided.
... In India, the genus has maximum diversity and is represented by 17 species and 9 varieties, of which, 8 species and 4 varieties are endemic (Pokle 2017). However, just 7 taxa are reported to be endemic to India by Gholami & Pandey (2016), Gholami et al. (2017) and Leeratiwong et al. (2017). ...
Alysicarpus bhuibavadensis is described here as a new species from Sindhudurg district of Maharashtra state, India. Alysicarpus bhuibavadensis is close to A. tetragonolobus and A. gracilis in its morphology but distinct by means of pubescent leaves, axillary lax racemes, included pods with thickened beak.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the Alysicarpus vaginalis alcoholic extract as a reducing agent and a capping ligand was carried out. Notable peaks of λmax 442–602 nm indicated the reduction of silver ions to elemental AgNPs. Particle size (Zavg) was in the range of 32.3±0.76 to 252.3±0.342 nm). The negative Zeta potential (ZP, −2.9±0.31 to −21.7±0.13 mV) and low polydispersity index (PDI, 0.181±0.02 to 0.635±0.02) supported the homogeneous nature of AgNPs. Further, crystalline spherical nature of AgNPs with a smooth surface was confirmed by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) studies. The AgNPs showed 1.2 to 1.4‐fold enhanced antibacterial activity than extract (6–10 mm zone of inhibition) against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica ser. Typhi by disc diffusion assay. The AgNP formulation F9 showed equal (against Gram‐positive L. monocytogenes) or even better (against Gram‐negative S. enterica Typhi) antimicrobial activity than the positive control, ciprofloxacin. Further investigations on F9 are suggested in order to develop a broad‐spectrum, cost‐effective antibacterial formulation of natural origin. This study represents a significant step forward in the field of bio‐fabrication and presents a promising alternative to traditional chemical synthesis methods for the production of antimicrobial AgNPs.
Based on vegetation surveys made in the southern region of Saudi Arabia between 2020 and 2021, five new plant taxa including four species and one subspecies, belonging to four families that had not previously been recorded in Saudi Arabia's flora were discovered. Within the Arabian Peninsula, all newly recorded species (i.e., Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC. (Fabaceae), Commiphora schimperi (O.Berg) Engl. (Burseraceae), Maerua angolensis DC. subsp. angolensis (Capparaceae), Peperomia leptostachya Hook. & Arn. (Piperaceae), and Vigna vexillata (L.) A.Rich. (Fabaceae) were recorded in Yemen while A. vaginalis was also recorded in Oman. Brief descriptions and comments on the phytogeography of each taxon are given. The distribution of plants in Faifa Mountains and surrounding areas was mapped using geographic information systems (GIS) and ground surveys.
Pyrexia itself is not a terminal condition. Basically, it occurs with mild to serious diseases affecting the large population of the world. Other than a high body temperature, pyrexia is accompanied by several sickness behaviors, changes in physiological and metabolic characteristics of the body system, and alteration in the immune responses. Various allopathic drugs are available to treat pyrexia by targeting the symptom or the pathogen itself. Drug-resistance has made control and treatment of vectors more difficult. However, a large number of marginal people are obligated to utilize locally available medicinal plants for the treatment of various diseases due to limited access to synthetic drugs. Developments in the field of nanotechnology and phytochemical research towards the discovery of new antimicrobial agents have also drawn the interest of researchers towards the synthesis of green nanoparticles from the plant extracts due to their several benefits than the other methods. Thus, the present report discusses the use of ethnomedicinal plants, phytocompounds, and the application of green nanoparticles synthesized from plant extracts to treat pyrexia.
