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-Aluminium foam samples with different densities and dimensions Samples 470 sjaj square 600 sjaj square 600 sjaj annular 470 mat square 470 mat annular
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![Figure 1-Comparison: energy absorption by foam and by a dense solid [15]](publication/271261017/figure/fig2/AS:669053492396037@1536526191474/Comparison-energy-absorption-by-foam-and-by-a-dense-solid-15_Q320.jpg)
![Table 4 -Useful weight savings in transport systems [18]](publication/271261017/figure/tbl3/AS:669053492412430@1536526191813/Useful-weight-savings-in-transport-systems-18_Q320.jpg)
The requirements for weight reduction and improvement of performances in the design of transport means are often in contradiction to the requirements for increased safety. One of the possible ways of meeting these requirements is the application of metal foams. Thanks to cellular structure of aluminium foam along with low weight, the capability of...
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The interest in metallic foam is increasing since their cellular structures have a unique combination of properties such as high stiffness, low density, lightweight, high specific strength, and thermal insulation. Commonly, the performance of metallic foam can be improved by the heat treatment process. However, the previous heat treatment methods s...
Metal foams of aluminum (Al) find diverse applications in several domains such as in automotive and sports equipment industry as impact, acoustic and vibration absorbers, the aerospace industry as structural components in turbines and spatial cones, in the naval industry as low frequency vibration absorbers, and in construction industry as sound ba...
Magnesium metal foams have the ability to withstand the structural material impact for the lightweight applications. However, the main disadvantages of using magnesium are due to high reactivity and consequently the mechanical characteristics. The present study aims at evaluating the effect of porosity on the mechanical characteristics. The magnesi...
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... As Figure 1 shows, frontal impacts are the first and ultimate severe car accident crashes. In the case of a vehicle crash, the occupant's safety is of prime concern, and this demands that the vehicle form be designed to withstand high-impact forces [5]. In the case of impact/crash, the requirement is achieved through a properly designed high-energy incorporation system. ...
Recently, there has been a high interest in using lightweight aluminum foams for automotive, railway and aerospace operations. Because of its high ductility and deformability, Aluminum foam is generally used for energy absorption for crashworthiness applications. To keep safe and avoid occupant injuries, it is necessary to absorb the kinetic energy generated during impact. Thus, to absorb high kinetic energy, the crash box material needs a special material microstructure, which is light in weight and can absorb further energy than the being one like CaCo3, CBC, or SiC. B4C etc. In particular, the analysis of energy absorption of aluminum foam in automotive for energy absorption applications is limited. The main objective of this exploration is to analyze and optimize the porosity size and voids percentage on impact energy absorption of aluminum foam using a numerical approach. For this purpose, first, fifteen CAD Al foam samples were developed by using Digimat multi-scale material modeling software. Second, cubic elements with circular bubble shape at 5, 10 and 15 void percentage and at 1.5 mm, 2 mm,2.5 mm, 3 mm and 3.5 mm bubble sizes were modeled. Finally, the numerical analysis of impact energy by using ANSYS workbench19.2 Explicit dynamics by applying initial low velocity was performed. The parameters were compared to each other to optimize the proper percentage composition and cell size for the best energy absorption applications. The effects of bubble shape, foaming agent and percentage composition on energy immersion were discussed. In this study, the analysis was fulfilled by determining and comparing the energy absorptions of all the models and, finally, comparing them with existing foaming agents.
... Therefore, improving the noise environment and preventing fire damage are important elements to realize high-quality service of highway tunnels in the new era. Aluminum foam, as a new type of material integrating structure and functionalization, has excellent energy absorption, vibration damping, sound absorption [2,3], thermal insulation [4,5], and electromagnetic shielding properties and has been widely used in military and industrial fields [6,7]. Moreover, there have been considerable research results on the preparation techniques [8][9][10][11] and mechanical properties [12][13][14] and the constitutive relationship [15][16][17] of their materials in the corresponding scenarios. ...
As a new type of structurally functional material, aluminum foam is widely used in civil engineering due to its excellent noise and energy reduction, thermal insulation, and fire protection properties. However, systematic research into the mechanical properties, application technology, and specification standards of aluminum foam materials in civil engineering application scenarios is lacking. In this work, a special experimental study on the mechanical properties and deformation mechanism of closed-cell aluminum foam materials in compression after fire was carried out. The mechanism of deformation and failure of closed-cell aluminum foam was revealed, and the variation in the mechanical properties of closed-cell aluminum foam with porosity, and heating temperature were investigated. On the basis of the experimental results, the correlation function between material parameters and material porosity in the Liu–Subhash constitutive model was established through multiparameter regression analysis. Then, an intrinsic structure model of aluminum foam that can consider porosity was proposed. The research results show that (1) the compression deformation process of closed-cell aluminum foam specimens exhibits significant stage characteristics: a quasi-elastic stage of quasi-elastic deformation of the matrix and cell structure → a plateau stage of cell structure destabilization and damage → a densification stage of cell collapse and stacking. (2) As the porosity decreases, the aluminum foam material becomes more resistant to compressive deformation and shows better compressive mechanical properties overall. With an increase in the heat treatment temperature, the elastic gradient, compressive proof strength, and plateau stress of the aluminum foam material show a small decrease in the overall trend. (3) The predicted values of the intrinsic structure model of closed-cell aluminum foam are in good agreement with the experimental results, indicating that the model can efficiently characterize the stress–strain process of the material and is referable.
Composite sandwich panels are applied to numerous structures owing to their excellent mechanical properties and thermal performance. In marine craft, sandwich panels are located on the inner walls as an insulation system for the liquefied natural gas (LNG) cargo containment systems (CCSs). Polyurethane foam (PUF), as an insulation material, is commonly used as the core material against a cryogenic temperature of –163°C for the LNG CCSs. Owing to its excellent thermal performance that prevents heat flow from the outside, and because LNG is transported at cryogenic temperatures, PUF is the preferred choice as a core material. However, the LNG CCS is subjected to fluid impact load due to sloshing during a laden voyage, and therefore, the core material needs to be reinforced. In this study, a reinforcement material made of hollow glass bubbles (HGBs) was added to PUF to help withstand the sloshing loads, and the performance of the specimens was investigated in terms of their impact strength and absorption energy. The mechanical impact strength of the final products was investigated through an impact test at cryogenic temperatures and the absorption energy was analyzed along with the dynamic compressive behavior of the sandwich panels.
In many fields of application, the aluminium foam panels could undergo flexural loads or impact forces. The presence of a vitreous layer influences the foam's response. Four different enamel systems, deposited on aluminium closed-cell foam, are studied. The bending stiffness values are obtained using a 4-point bending test and then the Young's modulus and the strength are extrapolated using a transformed section method. To evaluate the cracking behavior an indentation test was performed. A better sintered filling increases the bending stiffness and strength, moreover the presence of a primer layer may cause an early fracture in the coating.
