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Alignment of the sagittal plane with a midsagittal line between the crista galli and the protuberantia internus occipitalis to account for face turn
Source publication
Purpose
To compare bony nasolacrimal duct anatomy between ethnic groups.
Methods
A retrospective observational study of patients of four ethnic groups who had high-resolution CTs between 2004 and 2019 covering the full length of their nasolacrimal ducts in two hospitals in Essex, England. Only normal ducts were included; patients with tearing or r...
Citations
... Продолжением слезных точек являются слезные канальцы, состоящие из двух отделов: вертикального и горизонтального. Длина вертикальной части слезных канальцев варьирует от 2 до 4 мм и имеет форму воронки в 85,5% случаев, форму цилиндра -в 16,5% случаев [2,[5][6][7][8], однако, по данным S.A. Aslam и соавторов, в 3-5% случаев она отсутствует [9]. ...
... Следует отметить, что накопление наиболее важной антропометрической информации происходит в результате проведения постмортальных исследований системы слезоотведения человека [11,12,14,19,21,[27][28][29], однако подобных исследований в последние годы становится меньше. Развитие визуализирующих методов обследования пациентов, в том числе основанных на рентгеновском излучении, позволило использовать их в прижизненном изучении анатомотопографических особенностей и морфометрических показателей путей слезооттока [6,24,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. Кроме того, появились данные посмертных исследований анатомических и морфометрических показателей слезоотводящих путей человека без признаков нарушения их проходимости, полученных с помощью компьютерной томографии (КТ) [37]. ...
... Некоторые авторы для изучения анатомических и морфометрических особенностей слезоотводящих путей использовали конусно-лучевую КТ [38,39]. Тонкие срезы (менее 1 мм), обеспечивающие более точные измерения, использовали немногие исследователи [6,30,40]. Кроме того, расчеты всех параметров проведены с помощью инструментов разных компьютерных программ. ...
... Besides, normal racial and age-related changes need to be considered. The inner BNLD diameters were found to be larger in Afro-Carribeans and Orientals compared to the Europeans or South Asians (Lin et al., 2021a). The racial examination also demonstrated that the BNLD positively correlated with age, male gender, and facial width but not nasal height. ...
Primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction, or PANDO, is a common adult lacrimal drainage disorder. The current treatment modality of dacryocystorhinostomy to bypass the obstructed nasolacrimal duct has excellent outcomes. However, the understanding of the disease etiopathogenesis needs to be revised. There are not many studies that specifically assessed any hypothesis or ones that convincingly put forth the presumed or confirmed interpretations regarding the PANDO pathogenesis or the mechanisms or pathways involved therein. Histopathological evidence points to recurrent inflammation of the nasolacrimal duct, subsequent fibrosis, and the resultant obstruction. The disease etiopathogenesis is considered multifactorial. Several implicated suspects include anatomical narrowing of the bony nasolacrimal duct, vascular factors, local hormonal imbalance, microbial influence, nasal abnormalities, autonomic dysregulation, surfactants, lysosomal dysfunction, gastroesophageal reflux, tear proteins, and deranged local host defenses. The present work reviewed the literature on the etiopathogenesis of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) to gain insights into the present state of the understanding and the high-value translational implications of precisely decoding the disease etiology.
... In a study by Simmen et al. [17] it was found that a PLR greater than 7 mm made the surgical technique more feasible. Several studies have evaluated the feasibility of the PLR approach and the morphometric differences in NLD anatomy, but no research has explored the relationship between the width of the PLR and the pneumatization patterns of the MS [3,14]. Additionally, Lessa et al. [13] evaluated the relationship between the volume of the MS and individual parameters using computed tomography (CT) scans. ...
... Lin et al. [14] measured the SL-NLD in European, Afro-Caribbean, and Oriental as 9.1 ± 2.12 mm, 8.1 ± 2.59 mm, and 11.7 ± 1.90 mm, respectively. In our study, we measured the mean value of the SL-NLD as 13.53 ± 2.48 mm, which was similar to that in Oriental. ...
PurposeTo assist in planning before the endoscopic prelacrimal recess (PLR) approach, we aimed to investigate the relationship between morphometry and variations of PLR in maxillary sinus (MS) pneumatizations.Methods
Retrospective analysis of the paranasal sinus computed tomography images of 150 patients was conducted to determine the pneumatization patterns of the MS, PLR variations, and the applicability of the PLR approach. The results were compared based on lateralization, gender, and age groups.ResultsThe PLRwidth, the anteroposterior diameter of the nasolacrimal duct (NLD), the vertical and horizontal diameters of the MS were the highest in hyperplasic MS, and decreased significantly with increasing age (p = 0.005, p = 0.017, p = 0.000), respectively. Most of the morphometric measurements were higher in hyperplasic MS, while the medial wall thickness of PLR was higher in hypoplasic MS. The PLRwidth for feasibility of the PLR approach were Type I (48%) in hypoplasic MS and Type III (80%) in hyperplasic MS (p < 0.001), respectively. The PLR medial wall thickness was higher in Type I, while the piriform aperture angle (PAA), MS volume, length, and slope of the NLD were higher in Type III PLRwidth (p = 0.000), respectively. The highest anterior and separation-type variations of the PLR were observed in hyperplasic MS, whereas 31.0% of hypoplasic MS had no PLR (p < 0.001).Conclusion
This study revealed that PLRwidth and PAA were the highest in hyperplasic MS, which allows the endoscopic PLR approach to be performed more easily. For safer and uncomplicated surgery, surgeon should be aware of the PLR anatomy in different MS pneumatization patterns.
... The creation of an appropriately sized and properly positioned bony ostium will minimize the risk of complications and damage to adjoining anatomy such as the orbit and skull base [5,6]. Different studies showing that there is a variability in the LSF morphology and intranasal space between the different ethnic groups age and sex [7][8][9][10]. Generally, the lacrimal bone proportion of the lacrimal fossa appears to be higher in Indians, compared to other racial groups such as the Caucasians, Koreans, or black African [10][11][12][13]. ...
... The same freehand caliper was also utilized to measure the nasal mucosal length from the level of the anterior aspect of the fossa to the internal contour of the anterior curvature of nasal mucosa at the lower axial sections (Fig. 2) [10]. In another part of present research, we also measured antero-posterior NLD inner diameter by same caliper tool [9]. The axial and coronal sections were aligned along the center of the NLD; consequently, providing sagittal measurements to be selected from reconstructed images lying in the plane perpendicular to the long axis of the NLD (Fig. 3). ...
... In contrast to previous studies [21][22][23], our results did not show any significant correlation between patient age, sex and AP diameter of nasolacrimal duct. Lin et al. [9] performed a similar study in four ethnic groups. They showed that bony nasolacrimal duct is greater in caliber (inner diameter) if the patient is of Afro-Caribbean or Oriental origin compared to European or South Asian. ...
To determine the morphology of the lacrimal sac fossa and bony nasolacrimal duct using computed tomography for obtaining detailed anatomical understanding of the drainage system and utilizing these measurements in planning for dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) and nasolacrimal duct (NLD) obstruction in normal southwest (SW) population of Iran.
One-hundred-sixty-five cases referred for the diagnosis of neuro-ophthalmic conditions were retrospectively studied.
Measurements of lacrimal sac fossa were taken on three anatomical sections (upper, middle, and lower planes) utilizing a digital caliper/protractor instrument. Lacrimal thickness and two measurements of maxillary bone thickness were taken at each plane—namely, the “midpoint thickness” and the “maximum thickness.” The anterior extent of the nasal mucosa and NLD width was also evaluated. The mean maximum thickness of the maxillary bone at the three anatomical planes of the lacrimal sac fossa was 4.07 mm, 4.78 mm, and 5.60 mm, respectively. The midpoint thickness of the maxillary bone at each plane was 2.38 mm, 1.99 mm, and 1.68 mm, respectively, in both sexs. The lacrimal bone thickness at each level was 0.76 mm, 0.69 mm, and 0.67 mm, respectively. The proportion of the lacrimal sac fossa comprising the lacrimal bone at lower plane
was 43.57% and showed a positive correlation with age (P=0.01). The mean anteroposterior bony nasolacrimal diameter was 5.94 mm with no significant difference between patient sex and age. According to the results, its indicate that performing an
osteotomy during DCR could be easier in the Iranian SW population compared to other ethnics.
