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-Alborbis galericulata (IMI 6600). a Herbarium packet. b Herbarium specimen. c Appearance of ascomata on host surface. d Horizontal section of ascomata through the ectostromatic disc. e Vertical cross section through the ascomata. f Peridium. g-j Asci. k-o Ascospores. Scale bars -c, d = 500 µm, e = 200 µm, f-j = 20 µm, k-o = 10 µm.
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Sydowiellaceae is a poorly studied family of the order Diaporthales, comprising a collection of morphologically diversified taxa. Eleven genera have been previously listed under this family. In this study, we provide a DNA sequence-based phylogeny for genera of Sydowiellaceae based on analyses of a combined LSU, ITS, RPB2 and TEF sequence dataset t...
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... Although the asexual morph of Microascospora remains undetermined, Microascospora is distantly related to Sinodiscula in the phylogeny presented ( Figure 1). Additionally, the sexual morph of Microascospora is distinct from other genera in the same family having immersed, solitary ascomata with narrow papilla with smaller hyaline, aseptate ascospores bearing long appendages [40,41,46]. ...
... [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46], and Ceratosphaeria aquatica Z.L. Luo, K.D. Hyde and H.Y. Su and Pyricularia grisea Cooke ex Sacc. as the outgroups. ...
Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) is one of the most important economic plants in China, and has many benefits for human health. Anthracnose is one of the most serious diseases of tea in China, and control of the fungus is important since most Chinese cultivars are susceptible to it. The agent of tea anthracnose was initially described as Gloeosporium theae-sinensis I. Miyake in Japan, which was later transferred to Discula, but this taxonomic position remains problematic. To shed light on these taxonomic and phylogenetic issues, the tea anthracnose pathogens were re-studied. Combining the morphological characteristics and a multigene phylogenetic analysis of nrITS, nrLSU, rpb2, and tef1 sequence data, a new genus Sinodiscula was proposed to accommodate the causal fungi of tea anthracnose, including a new species Sinodiscula camellicola and a new combination Sinodiscula theae-sinensis. Furthermore, the pathogenicity of the pathogens was determined according to Koch’s postulates. This study thoroughly resolves the long-standing taxonomic and phylogenetic problems of the tea anthracnose pathogens.
... Vasilyeva (1987) introduced Sydowiellaceae to accommodate Sydowiella which was typified by S. fenestrans and a collection of morphologically diverse taxa. This is a phylogenetically well-separated monophyletic family in Diaporthales and poorly supported with morphology (Kruys & Castlebury 2012, Senanayake et al. 2017b. Generally, Sydowiellaceae members are characterized by having solitary or aggregated, coriaceous, ostiolate, papillate ascomata with filamentous, hyaline periphyses, peridium with an outer layer composed of textura globose cells and an inner layer of textura angularis cells, cellular, septate, branched paraphyses, unitunicate, cylindrical to cylindro-clavate or broadly fusoid asci with J-or bi-lobed apical ring, and 0-11-septate, ellipsoidal or filiform, hyaline or greenish-brown ascospores occasionally baring apical and basal appendages (Maharachchikumburaet al. 2016, Senanayake et al. 2017b, Hyde et al. 2020c. ...
... This is a phylogenetically well-separated monophyletic family in Diaporthales and poorly supported with morphology (Kruys & Castlebury 2012, Senanayake et al. 2017b. Generally, Sydowiellaceae members are characterized by having solitary or aggregated, coriaceous, ostiolate, papillate ascomata with filamentous, hyaline periphyses, peridium with an outer layer composed of textura globose cells and an inner layer of textura angularis cells, cellular, septate, branched paraphyses, unitunicate, cylindrical to cylindro-clavate or broadly fusoid asci with J-or bi-lobed apical ring, and 0-11-septate, ellipsoidal or filiform, hyaline or greenish-brown ascospores occasionally baring apical and basal appendages (Maharachchikumburaet al. 2016, Senanayake et al. 2017b, Hyde et al. 2020c. Coelomycetous asexual morph is characterized by having stromatic or pycnidial conidiomata, which are superficial, aggregated, uniloculate, with conidiomatal wall composed of textura angularis cells, elongate and branched, conidiophores, cylindrical, ampulliform, phialidic, septate conidiogenous cells, and ovoid to ellipsoid, unicellular, hyaline conidia (Hyde et al. 2020c). ...
... Coelomycetous asexual morph is characterized by having stromatic or pycnidial conidiomata, which are superficial, aggregated, uniloculate, with conidiomatal wall composed of textura angularis cells, elongate and branched, conidiophores, cylindrical, ampulliform, phialidic, septate conidiogenous cells, and ovoid to ellipsoid, unicellular, hyaline conidia (Hyde et al. 2020c). Most taxa of Sydowiellaceae are saprobes, endophytes or pathogens on dicotyledonous, hardwood trees and herbaceous plants (Senanayake et al. 2017b, Tibpromma et al. 2017. Senanayake et al. (2017b) revised the taxonomy of Sydowiellaceae and Voglmayr & Mehrabi (2018) introduced Caudospora into the family. ...
... Ex-type strains are in bold and newly generated sequences are in blue Notes: Diaporthaceae, introduced by von Höhnel (1917), is represented by species of saprobes, endophytes and phytopathogens Udayanga et al. 2014a, b), including Diaporthe, which is the most species-rich genus (Liu et al. 2015a). The taxonomy of this family has been revised several times over the last decade based on both morphology and phylogeny (e.g., Maharachchikumbura et al. 2015Maharachchikumbura et al. , 2016Senanayake et al. 2017b;Wanasinghe et al. 2018). Currently, Diaporthaceae comprises 14 genera. ...
... f-j Conidia. Scale bars: b = 100 μm, c-j = 10 μm Chiangraiomyces, Hyaliappendispora and Paradiaporthe, and Chaetoconis accepted bySenanayake et al. (2017b). ...
This article is the 13th contribution in the Fungal Diversity Notes series, wherein 125 taxa from four phyla, ten classes, 31 orders, 69 families, 92 genera and three genera incertae sedis are treated, demonstrating worldwide and geographic distribution. Fungal taxa described and illustrated in the present study include three new genera, 69 new species, one new combination, one reference specimen and 51 new records on new hosts and new geographical distributions. Three new genera, Cylindrotorula (Torulaceae), Scolecoleotia (Leotiales genus incertae sedis) and Xenovaginatispora (Lindomycetaceae) are introduced based on distinct phylogenetic lineages and unique morphologies. Newly described species are Aspergillus lannaensis, Cercophora dulciaquae, Cladophialophora aquatica, Coprinellus punjabensis, Cortinarius alutarius, C. mammillatus, C. quercofocculosus, Coryneum fagi, Cruentomycena uttarakhandina, Cryptocoryneum rosae, Cyathus uniperidiolus, Cylindrotorula indica, Diaporthe chamaeropicola, Didymella azollae, Diplodia alanphillipsii, Dothiora coronicola, Efbula rodriguezarmasiae, Erysiphe salicicola, Fusarium queenslandicum, Geastrum gorgonicum, G. hansagiense, Helicosporium sexualis, Helminthosporium chiangraiensis, Hongkongmyces kokensis, Hydrophilomyces hydraenae, Hygrocybe boertmannii, Hyphoderma australosetigerum, Hyphodontia yunnanensis, Khaleijomyces umikazeana, Laboulbenia divisa, Laboulbenia triarthronis, Laccaria populina, Lactarius pallidozonarius, Lepidosphaeria strobelii, Longipedicellata megafusiformis, Lophiotrema lincangensis, Marasmius benghalensis, M. jinfoshanensis, M. subtropicus, Mariannaea camelliae, Melanographium smilaxii, Microbotryum polycnemoides, Mimeomyces digitatus, Minutisphaera thailandensis, Mortierella solitaria, Mucor harpali, Nigrograna jinghongensis, Odontia huanrenensis, O. parvispina, Paraconiothyrium ajrekarii, Parafuscosporella niloticus, Phaeocytostroma yomensis, Phaeoisaria synnematicus, Phanerochaete hainanensis, Pleopunctum thailandicum, Pleurotheciella dimorphospora, Pseudochaetosphaeronema chiangraiense, Pseudodactylaria albicolonia, Rhexoacrodictys nigrospora, Russula paravioleipes, Scolecoleotia eriocamporesi, Seriascoma honghense, Synandromyces makranczyi, Thyridaria aureobrunnea, Torula lancangjiangensis, Tubeufa longihelicospora, Wicklowia fusiformispora, Xenovaginatispora phichaiensis and Xylaria apiospora. One new combination, Pseudobactrodesmium stilboideus is proposed. A reference specimen of Comoclathris permunda is designated. New host or distribution records are provided for Acrocalymma fci, Aliquandostipite khaoyaiensis, Camarosporidiella laburni, Canalisporium caribense, Chaetoscutula juniperi, Chlorophyllum demangei, C. globosum, C. hortense, Cladophialophora abundans, Dendryphion hydei, Diaporthe foeniculina, D. pseudophoenicicola, D. pyracanthae, Dictyosporium pandanicola, Dyfrolomyces distoseptatus, Ernakulamia tanakae, Eutypa favovirens, E. lata, Favolus septatus, Fusarium atrovinosum, F. clavum, Helicosporium luteosporum, Hermatomyces nabanheensis, Hermatomyces sphaericoides, Longipedicellata aquatica, Lophiostoma caudata, L. clematidisvitalbae, Lophiotrema hydei, L. neoarundinaria, Marasmiellus palmivorus, Megacapitula villosa, Micropsalliota globocystis, M. gracilis, Montagnula thailandica, Neohelicosporium irregulare, N. parisporum, Paradictyoarthrinium difractum, Phaeoisaria aquatica, Poaceascoma taiwanense, Saproamanita manicata, Spegazzinia camelliae, Submersispora variabilis, Thyronectria caudata, T. mackenziei, Tubeufa chiangmaiensis, T. roseohelicospora, Vaginatispora nypae, Wicklowia submersa, Xanthagaricus necopinatus and Xylaria haemorrhoidalis. The data presented herein are based on morphological examination of fresh specimens, coupled with analysis of phylogenetic sequence data to better integrate taxa into appropriate taxonomic ranks and infer their evolutionary relationships.
... Although, the genus Paraphomopsis represents a sister clade to Microascopora in the phylogeny presented (Fig. 1), the asexual morph of the latter remains undetermined. The sexual morph of Microascospora distinct from other genera in the same family having immersed, solitary ascomata with narrow papilla with smaller hyaline, aseptate ascospores bearing long appendages (Senanayake et al. 2017a(Senanayake et al. , 2017b. However, the sexual morph of the saprobic genus Melanconiella is identified by its inconspicuous ectostroma projecting above the substrate and the hyaline, yellow or brown ascopsores, with or without short, blunt appendages and occasionally with a thin gelatinous sheath (Voglmayr et al. 2012;Senanayake et al. 2017aSenanayake et al. , 2017b. ...
... The sexual morph of Microascospora distinct from other genera in the same family having immersed, solitary ascomata with narrow papilla with smaller hyaline, aseptate ascospores bearing long appendages (Senanayake et al. 2017a(Senanayake et al. , 2017b. However, the sexual morph of the saprobic genus Melanconiella is identified by its inconspicuous ectostroma projecting above the substrate and the hyaline, yellow or brown ascopsores, with or without short, blunt appendages and occasionally with a thin gelatinous sheath (Voglmayr et al. 2012;Senanayake et al. 2017aSenanayake et al. , 2017b. ...
... Angela Bond & Paul Cannon); however, molecular data are available. Senanayake et al. (2017b) described the taxon without typifications and clarifications of affiliated names or specimens. Therefore, Moročko-Bičevska et al. (2019) designated original drawings by Klebahn (1918) specified in his original publication as a lectotype of G. fragariae and a freshly collected specimen from Latvia as an epitype, based on its morphology on the host and in culture. ...
Phytopathogenic fungi in the order Diaporthales ( Sordariomycetes ) cause diseases on numerous economically important crops worldwide. In this study, we reassessed the diaporthalean species associated with prominent diseases of strawberry, namely leaf blight, leaf blotch, root rot and petiole blight, based on molecular data and morphological characters using fresh and herbarium collections. Combined analyses of four nuclear loci, 28S ribosomal DNA/large subunit rDNA ( LSU ), ribosomal internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 with 5.8S ribosomal DNA ( ITS ), partial sequences of second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II ( RPB2 ) and translation elongation factor 1-α ( TEF1 ), were used to reconstruct a phylogeny for these pathogens. Results confirmed that the leaf blight pathogen formerly known as Phomopsis obscurans belongs in the family Melanconiellaceae and not with Diaporthe (syn. Phomopsis ) or any other known genus in the order. A new genus Paraphomopsis is introduced herein with a new combination, Paraphomopsis obscurans , to accommodate the leaf blight fungus. Gnomoniopsis fragariae comb. nov. ( Gnomoniaceae ), is introduced to accommodate Gnomoniopsis fructicola , the cause of leaf blotch of strawberry. Both of the fungi causing leaf blight and leaf blotch were epitypified. Fresh collections and new molecular data were incorporated for Paragnomonia fragariae ( Sydowiellaceae ), which causes petiole blight and root rot of strawberry and is distinct from the above taxa. An updated multilocus phylogeny for the Diaporthales is provided with representatives of currently known families.
... Sequences generated in this study and those obtained from GenBank were aligned using MAFFT (Kuraku & al. 2013, Katoh & al. 2017 and adjusted visually in BioEdit v. 7.0.5.2. The best evolutionary model for each data partition was obtained using MrModelTest v. 2.3 (Nylander 2004) under the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) implemented in both PAUP v. 4.0b10 and MrBayes v. 3. The combined gene trees were phylogenetically regenerated using both Bayesian Inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) criteria as outlined in , Pem & al. (2019a,b), and Senanayake & al. (2017). ML analysis was conducted in RAxML-HPC2 on XSEDE (8.2.8) (Stamatakis 2006) implemented in raxmlGUI v.0.9b2 (Silvestro & Michalak 2012), employing GTR+I+G evolutionary settings; bootstrap support values were obtained by running 1000 pseudo replicates. ...
Camarosporidiella specimens collected from woody plants in central Italy, eastern Ukraine, and southeastern Russia were identified based on morphology and multi-gene (LSU, SSU, ITS, and TEF) sequence analyses. Camarosporidiella caraganicola on Amorpha fruticosa , C. celtidis on Ulmus pumila , C. elaeagnicola on Cytisus ruthenicus are described with new host records and as new fungal records for Ukraine. Camarosporidiella moricola on Morus nigra is newly reported for Italy, and C. robiniicola on Robinia pseudoacacia is new for Ukraine. Camarosporidiella elaeagnicola on Elaeagnus angustifolia is re-described to facilitate identification. Notes on host distribution of Camarosporidiellaceae are also provided.
... Lambro Racib. Senanayake et al. (2017b) reported this genus with a cylindrosporella-like asexual morph. Lasiosphaeris Clem. ...
... Tenuiappendicula Senan. et al. 384 Senanayake et al. (2017b) introduced this genus with a coelomycetous asexual morph. ...
... Uleoporthe Petr. Senanayake et al. (2017b) reported a coelomycetous asexual morph from U. orbiculata (Syd. & P. Syd.) Petr., the type species of this genus based on Cannon (2001). ...
This is a continuation of a series of studies incorporating asexually reproducing fungi in a natural classification. Over 3653 genera (ca. 30,000 morphological species) are known from asexual reproduction (1388 coelomycetes and 2265 hyphomycetes) in their life cycle. Among these, 687 genera are pleomorphic (305 coelomycetous; 378 hyphomycetous and four genera show both coelomycetous and hyphomycetous morphs). We provide notes for these pleomorphic genera in this paper. The 1544 unlinked genera without molecular data (which comprise ca. 3850 species) are listed as Ascomycota genera incertae sedis. It is essential to recollect the fungi which are placed in Ascomycota genera incertae sedis and subject them to DNA based phylogenetic analysis as they might represent new fungal lineages.
... Lambro Racib. Senanayake et al. (2017b) reported this genus with a cylindrosporella-like asexual morph. Lasiosphaeris Clem. ...
... Tenuiappendicula Senan. et al. 384 Senanayake et al. (2017b) introduced this genus with a coelomycetous asexual morph. ...
... Uleoporthe Petr. Senanayake et al. (2017b) reported a coelomycetous asexual morph from U. orbiculata (Syd. & P. Syd.) Petr., the type species of this genus based on Cannon (2001). ...
... An archetypal fungarium specimen includes every part of the fungus to verify the complete morphology (Prance & Fechner 2017). Sometimes, it is possible to see a number of individual fruiting bodies, which are at different stages of maturity with both sexual and asexual morphs together (Senanayake et al. 2017a). Generally, it is best if collecting is carried out in the morning. ...
Traditionally, fungal taxonomy was based on observable phenotypic characters. Recent advances have driven taxonomic conclusions towards DNA-based approaches and these techniques have corresponding pros and cons. Species concepts must therefore rely on incorporated approaches of genotypic, phenotypic and physiological characters and chemotaxonomy. Examination and interpretation of morphological characters however vary from person to person. Standardized procedures are used in the taxonomic study of fungi and general practices of phenotypic approaches are herein outlined. It is not possible to detail all techniques for all fungi and thus, this paper emphasizes on microfungi. Specimen collection is the initial step in any Mycosphere 11(1): 2678-2754 (2020) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019
... Mycol. 50 (1) Refs.: Lee et al. (2004), Crous et al. (2017b), Marin-Felix et al. (2017), Senanayake et al. (2017). ...
... Refs.: Kirk et al. (2008Kirk et al. ( , 2013, Wijayawardene et al. (2017aWijayawardene et al. ( , b, 2018 Sutton (1980), Tanaka et al. (2010) and Wijayawardene et al. (2016) revisited the genus. Senanayake et al. (2017) introduced Asterosporiaceae to accommodate Asterosporium sensu stricto in Diaporthales. ...
... Refs.: Sutton (1977Sutton ( , 1980, Kirk et al. (2008Kirk et al. ( , 2013, Tanaka et al. (2010), Maharachchikumbura et al. (2015Maharachchikumbura et al. ( , 2016, Senanayake et al. (2017), Wijayawardene et al. (2017a, b Sutton (1977Sutton ( , 1980 did not list the genus, but Kirk et al. (2008Kirk et al. ( , 2013 Refs.: Kirk et al. (2008Kirk et al. ( , 2013, Hosagoudar (2012), Wijayawardene et al. (2017aWijayawardene et al. ( , b, 2018. Sutton (1977Sutton ( , 1980, Sivanesan and Sutton (1985), Abbas and Sutton (1988), Kirk et al. (2008Kirk et al. ( , 2013, Wijayawardene et al. (2016Wijayawardene et al. ( , 2017aWijayawardene et al. ( , b, 2018 Hawksworth (1981) introduced this lichenicolous genus which has Phoma-like morphologies. ...
Identification, classification and nomenclature of asexual fungi (including coelomycetes) have been changing rapidly. However, nomenclatural changes of coelomycetous fungi have not been thoroughly discussed since Sutton (1977). Hence, it is essential to compile all scattered data and revisit the list of generic names. In this study, we compiled all published generic names of coelomycetous taxa including invalid and illegitimate names. Further, sexual genera which have coelomycetous asexual morphs are also provided. The present paper is a part of a series of papers on coelomycetous genera.
... (Al-Jaradi et al. 2018;Kee et al. 2019); (ALT) for Alternaria(Woudenberg et al. 2015); and partial RPB2 for Alternaria, Fusarium and Didymella(Woudenberg et al. 2015;Akram Ahmadpour et al. 2017;Moslemi et al. 2017;Osorio et al. 2017;Senanayake et al. 2017). DNA extraction was as described by Al-Sadi (2016) ( ...
Date palm is the most important crop in Oman, occupying approximately 50% of the area devoted to agriculture. Little information is available on leaf spot diseases of date palm in Oman and in the world. This study was conducted to identify the most common fungal pathogens associated with leaf spot diseases of date palm. A total of 198 symptomatic leaf samples were collected from seven districts in Oman. Isolations revealed that most isolates belonged to the genus Alternaria. Molecular-based identification using multigene sequences revealed that the isolates belonged to Alternaria alternata, A. burnsii, A. tomato, Curvularia subpapendorfii, Didymella microchlamydospora, Fusarium brachygibbosum, F. incarnatum-equiseti and Nigrospora lacticolonia. In pathogenicity tests, A. alternata was found to be the most aggressive. F. incarnatum-equiseti was the least aggressive, only inducing symptoms in leaves injured prior to inoculation. The other species caused moderate leaf spot symptoms on the leaves. This study shows that several fungal species belonging to different genera can be found associated with leaf spot symptoms of date palms, and they vary in their aggressiveness on date palm leaves. It is the first study to report C. verruculosa, D. microchlamydospora, and N. lacticolonia as leaf spot pathogens of date palm in the world.
