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Background: Rabies is a viral zoonosis. In up to 99% of cases, domestic dogs are responsible for rabies virus transmission to humans. About 30% of the victims of dog bites are children under the age of 15. Ironically, all these problems are preventable by effective vaccination. However, for an effective prevention programme, it is important to un...
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... The urban population demonstrated a higher susceptibility to animal bites, with 71.2% of study participants originating from urban areas. This finding mirrors the conclusions drawn by Sreenivas NS et al. [17] However, it contrasts with the outcomes of a study conducted by Acharya R et al., [18] where the rural population experienced greater incidence. This dissimilarity could be attributed to diverse study settings. ...
... One research stated that the uppermost percentage of bites happened in the afternoon (12 to 18 in the afternoon) and the lowest was in the morning (6 to noon) [30]. Another similar study found that 38.56% and 29.3% of all bites occurred in the evening and morning, respectively, and this seems to be mostly because the above-mentioned times coincided with the hours of commuting to school or work and people leaving home [31]. ...
Objective: To investigate the trend of animal bites in southern Iran from 2015 to 2019.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of patients with animal bites who were referred to the Center for Disease Control in the three cities of Larestan, Evaz, and Khonj in Fars province, southern Iran from 2015 to 2019. The trend of animal bites incidence was analyzed using the Cochran-Armitage trend test.
Results: In total, from 2015 to 2019, 1 944 cases of animal bites were reported. A total of 79.8% of the cases were men. The overall average incidence of animal bites was 142.93 per 100 000 people. The incidence of animal bites was significantly increased (Ptrend
... They also have a higher tendency to provoke animals and yet have less experience in 5, defending themselves from an attack. 12 The study also revealed that more cases were reported from those residing in urban areas than from rural areas. This is perhaps due to ignorance of the need to report such bites on the part of the rural dwellers and/or lack of access to health facilities. ...
... This is perhaps due to ignorance of the need to report such bites on the part of the rural dwellers and/or lack of access to health facilities. This urban preponderance is similar to the 12,13 results seen in other previous studies. ...
Background: Animal bites are common and sometimes result in the transmission of preventable diseases with high morbidity and fatality. This study sought to determine the pattern of animal bites reported in selected veterinary establishments in Plateau State and the vaccination status of the animals involved. Methods: This was a 3 year retrospective study of vertebrate animal bites of humans reported to 2 public veterinary centres in Jos. Data were extracted from the records of the centres and analysed using SPSS version 21.0. Results: There were 898 bites reported during the period, about one third (33.3%) of which were in children 1-10 years old. Over half of the victims (52.6%) were males and most (72.2%) resided in urban areas. Almost all the bites (97.9%) were from dogs, with local dogs accounting for 67.7% of dog bites. The lower limbs were the commonest site of bites and 80% of bites were unprovoked. Though 80.2% of animals responsible for the bites had identifiable owners, 56.7% had no record of rabies vaccination. Among the animals with vaccination records, 78.9% had either never been vaccinated or their vaccinations had expired. Only 21.1% were fully vaccinated. Median time from bite to presentation at the veterinary centres was 1 day (IQR 0.5-2.0 days) Conclusion: Bite injuries from unvaccinated dogs remain a major public health problem in Plateau State. Urgent efforts should be made to enlighten dog owners and reduce the incidence of bites
... 7 Animal bite adds not only to the mortality due to a disease like rabies, but also to the resources, in terms of man, money, time towards wound care and vaccination. 8 The cost of post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is highest in Asia, with estimates up to US$ 1.5 billion per year. 7 Though rabies being a 100% fatal disease, it is also 100% preventable by following proper and PEP. 8 PEP is considered of monumental importance in prevention of rabies. ...
... 7 Though rabies being a 100% fatal disease, it is also 100% preventable by following proper and PEP. 8 PEP is considered of monumental importance in prevention of rabies. 9 PEP consists of thorough wound washing with soap and water, anti-rabies vaccination (ARV) and timely administration of rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) for category III bites. ...
... This is similar to the study done by Marathe et al whereas several other studies revealed that animal bites were common in the pediatric age group. 5,6,8,12,15 In our study, majority of the bite victims were males which is similar to other studies conducted across the country. 6,8,12,[15][16][17] Increased bites among males may be because males are more involved in outdoor activity. ...
Background: Animal bites cause a big burden in terms of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. These bites could be caused by rabid animals causing rabies. Annually about 59,000 persons die of rabies, of which 20,000 is from India alone. Rabies though 100% fatal is preventable with post-exposure prophylaxis which includes wound wash, anti-rabies vaccination (ARV) and rabies immunoglobulin. The objectives of the present study was to describe the demographic profile of animal bite cases and to assess the management practices of animal bite cases reporting to dedicated anti-rabies clinic (ARC) of a tertiary care hospital, Hassan, Karnataka.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from the inception of anti-rabies clinic (12th October 2017) to August 2018 among animal bite cases reported to ARC. They were interviewed by using a semi-structured, pre-designed and pre-tested proforma. Data regarding socio-demographic profile were collected from the animal bite victims. All the animal bite cases were managed as per WHO guidelines.Results: The total number of animal bite victims reported to ARC during the study period was 3500. Majority of the bite victims belonged to adult population (20-60 years). Majority were males (66.2%). 77% belonged to the rural population. Dogs (97.1%) were the most common biting animal. 79% of the bites were provoked. Turmeric powder was the most commonly used irritant. Most bites belonged to Category III (84%). Category I, II, III bites were managed appropriately according to WHO guidelines.Conclusions: Knowing the burden, socio-demographic characteristics and the management of animal bite victims in the dedicated ARC of HIMS has helped the programme officer in implementing the National Rabies Control Programme in Hassan district.
... All 93% of the victims who knew about vaccination also knew that dog bite requires vaccination. This observation is a positive sign regarding prevention of rabies since maximum number of times dog is the biting animal (7) . Those patients who believed that vaccine is not required for animal bite had come for some other reason to the anti-rabies clinic like management of the wound. ...
... All 93% of the victims who knew about vaccination also knew that dog bite requires vaccination. This observation is a positive sign regarding prevention of rabies since maximum number of times dog is the biting animal (7) . Those patients who believed that vaccine is not required for animal bite had come for some other reason to the anti-rabies clinic like management of the wound. ...
Background: Rabies is a 100% fatal disease. Man acquires the disease once he gets bitten by a rabid animal or even on contact with its saliva on mucous membrane or broken skin. Although fatal but it's a 100% preventable disease as the incubation period gives us the chance to intervene before the disease could develop. To reduce the number of deaths due to rabies correct measures must be taken after an exposure. Objectives: To assess the knowledge regarding animal bite among animal bite victims Methods: This study is a cross-sectional hospital based study carried out for a period of one month in the anti-rabies clinic of SMHS hospital, Srinagar. Information was obtained from animal bite victims by applying a semi-structured questionnaire. Results: Only 27 % of the participants knew that animal bite can lead to rabies. Only 27% of the cases had heard the term rabies. 56% knew that animal bite can be fatal. About 93% of the participants knew that vaccine is necessary after animal bite. 70% knew nothing about the wound care. Conclusion: There is a need to create awareness among the masses and among healthcare providers like ASHA workers as well so that awareness can be created at a large scale. Awareness about rabies must be spread among school children and even college going students. In addition measures must be taken to reduce dog population, pets should be vaccinated and indiscriminate throwing of the waste should be banned.
... Similar results have also been shown in other studies. (8) This can be related to the increasing dog population in urban areas and partly because of the location of the SMHS hospital which is located in Srinagar, the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir and thus receives major brunt from the urban areas. People from rural areas are also provided vaccination and wound care at peripheral hospitals and thus lesser number of people from rural areas approach the SMHS hospital. ...
... Similar results have also been shown in other studies. (8) This can be related to the increasing dog population in urban areas and partly because of the location of the SMHS hospital which is located in Srinagar, the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir and thus receives major brunt from the urban areas. People from rural areas are also provided vaccination and wound care at peripheral hospitals and thus lesser number of people from rural areas approach the SMHS hospital. ...
... Similar results have also been shown in other studies. (8) This can be related to the increasing dog population in urban areas and partly because of the location of the SMHS hospital which is located in Srinagar, the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir and thus receives major brunt from the urban areas. People from rural areas are also provided vaccination and wound care at peripheral hospitals and thus lesser number of people from rural areas approach the SMHS hospital. ...
A BSTRACT
Introduction
Rabies has significant health and economic consequences for both humans and animals. Annually, India witnesses 17.4 million dog bites, yet only 3 million individuals receive post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). There is a shortage of anti-rabies vaccine in India as quoted in many news reports. In India, lack of documentation of previous vaccination against animal bites is there, hence resulting in the re-administration of the anti-rabies vaccine, leading to a significant biological loss (anti-rabies vaccine)
Material and Methods
A cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted. Data was collected, and analyzed from June 2021 to June 2023 a period of 2 years.
Results
Majority of the patients reported within the first 24 hours after being bitten while approximately one-third reported after 24 hours. Majority were Category 3 bites and unprovoked. Males, lower-middle class, and bites on lower extremities were common among 4291 patients attending the clinic. Out of 217 re-exposure cases, 185 did not have any documentation regarding their previous treatment of animal bites.
Conclusion
Among 4291 patients attending the clinic, majority were Category 3 bites on the lower extremities. 85.25% of re-exposure cases had to be administered a full course of treatment due to a lack of documentation leading to rabies as a biological wastage. This avoidable wastage can be a resource for treating more patients.
