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Age distribution of the syndromic craniosynostosis, non-syndromic craniosynostosis, and control groups.
Source publication
Ametropia is reported as a common ophthalmic manifestation in craniosynostosis. We retrospectively compared childhood refractive error and ocular biometric features of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)-related syndromic craniosynostosis patients with those of non-syndromic craniosynostosis and control subjects. Thirty-six eyes (18 patients)...
Citations
... The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family of cytokines mediate processes including cellular proliferation, migration, and differentiation; mitogenesis; angiogenesis; embryonic development; and wound healing [69]. Mutations in FGFs or FGFRs are involved in the development of various skeletal dysplasias, including achondroplasia and craniosynostosis [70,71]. FGF, a subtype of growth factor, has been connected to several osteoinductive pathways. ...
Objective:
The objective of this study was to identify and summarize the characteristic features of eggshell for regeneration purpose in oral surgery procedures.
Methods:
A review of literature was undertaken based on the PubMed database. A search to reveal the current state of knowledge and the current uses of the eggshell as a biomaterial was performed. The characteristics of the materials, the specific use, the procedure and the outcome were extracted from the articles.
Results:
The materials have been found to be used in humans, animals, and in vitro studies. There is a wide use regarding oral surgery especially in experimental models. There have also been attempts to enhance certain properties and improve the capabilities of eggshell as a biomaterial. There is yet a commercial product to be developed and approved for human use.
Conclusions:
Eggshell can be an important biowaste which can be of use in guided bone regeneration procedures, but it has not yet entered the commercial phase and approval through official regulation channels.
... Aberrant FGF signaling contributes to a wide set of pathological conditions such as birth defects [77], neurodegenerative disorders [78], and cancers [79] including brain tumors [80]. In MB, FGF1', a truncated FGF1, has been detected in the MB cell line which is presumably generated because of alternative splicing [81]. ...
Opinion Statement
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most frequent pediatric brain tumor. Despite conventional therapy, MB patients have high mortality and morbidity rates mainly due to the incomplete understanding of the molecular and cellular processes involved in development of this cancer. Similar to other solid tumors, MB demonstrated high endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenic activity, wherein new blood vessels arise from the pre-existing vasculature, a process named angiogenesis. MB angiogenesis is considered a hallmark for MB development, progression, and metastasis emphasizing its potential target for antitumor therapy. However, angiogenesis is tightly regulated by a set of angiogenic factors making it a complex process to be targeted. Although agents targeting these factors and their receptors are early in development, the potential for their targeting may translate into improvement in the clinical care for MB patients. In this review, we focus on the most potent angiogenic factors and their corresponding receptors, highlighting their basic properties and expression in MB. We describe their contribution to MB tumorigenesis and angiogenesis and the potential therapeutic targeting of these factors.
Skin cancer and other skin-related inflammatory pathologies are rising due to heightened exposure to environmental pollutants and carcinogens. In this context, natural products and repurposed compounds hold promise as novel therapeutic and preventive agents. Strengthening the skin’s antioxidant defense mechanisms is pivotal in neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitigating oxidative stress. Sunset Yellow (SY) exhibits immunomodulatory characteristics, evidenced by its capacity to partially inhibit the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, regulate immune cell populations, and modulate the activation of lymphocytes. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-genotoxic properties of SY using in-silico, in vitro, and physiochemical test systems, and to further explore its potential role in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene (DMBA)/ 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced two-stage skin carcinogenesis. In vitro experiments showed that pre-treatment of SY significantly enhanced the cell viability of HaCaT cells when exposed to tertiary-Butyl Hydrogen Peroxide (tBHP). This increase was accompanied by reduced ROS levels, restoration of mitochondrial membrane potential, and notable reduction in DNA damage in (SY + tBHP) treated cells. Mechanistic investigations using DPPH chemical antioxidant activity test and potentiometric titrations confirmed SY’s antioxidant properties, with a standard reduction potential ( $${E}^{o}$$ E o ) of 0.211 V. Remarkably, evaluating the effect of topical application of SY in DMBA/TPA-induced two-step skin carcinogenesis model revealed dose-dependent decreases in tumor latency, incidence, yield, and burden over 21-weeks. Furthermore, computational analysis and experimental validations identified GSK3β, KEAP1 and EGFR as putative molecular targets of SY. Collectively, our findings reveal that SY enhances cellular antioxidant defenses, exhibits anti-genotoxic effects, and functions as a promising chemopreventive agent.
Background: Skin cancer and other pathophysiological conditions of the skin are caused by inflammation. Sunset Yellow (SY) exhibits immunomodulatory characteristics, evidenced by its capacity to partially inhibit the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, regulate immune cell populations, and modulate the activation of lymphocytes. The aim of our study was to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory properties of SY through in-silico, in vitro & physiochemical test systems, and to investigate further its implications in DMBA/TPA-induced two-step skin carcinogenesis model.
Result: In vitro experiments showed that pre-treatment of SY significantly enhanced the cell viability of HaCaT cells when exposed to tertiary-Butyl Hydrogen Peroxide (tBHP). The increase in cell viability was accompanied by decreased levels of ROS, restoration of deregulated mitochondrial membrane potential, and significantly reduced DNA damage in (SY+ tBHP) treated cells. Further mechanistic investigation revealed that SY exhibited antioxidant properties. Through potentiometric titrations, the standard reduction potential (Eº) of SY was observed to be 0.211V. Additionally, this result was also confirmed using DPPH chemical antioxidant activity test. Next, we tested the implications of these findings in DMBA/TPA-induced two-step skin carcinogenesis animal model. The mice received topical application of SY (0.025%, 0.05%, and 0.1%) in conjunction with DMBA/TPA treatment for 21 weeks. The tumor incidence and body weight were evaluated at regular time intervals. SY remarkably reduced the tumor average latency period, tumor incidence, tumor yield and tumor burden in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, several in silico targets of SY were also identified, which could shed some light on the molecular mechanism triggered by SY as an antioxidant and chemo-preventive agent.
Conclusions: Conclusively, we repurposed SY for the antioxidant and anti-genotoxic properties along with its chemoprotective effect on skin cancer.
