Fig 2 - uploaded by Manalee Paul
Content may be subject to copyright.
Agaricus arvensis Schaeff ex Seer Fig. 3. Agaricus bisporus Quél. Fig . 4. Agaricus impudicus (Rea) Pilát
Source publication
The state of Assam is endowed with great biodiversity, it abounds in rich flora and fauna. Macrofungal diversity also forms an integral part of the floristic diversity yet very less work has been done on the macrofungal diversity as compared to that of higher plants. In the present work an attempt has been made to document the macro-fungal diversit...
Similar publications
This study was carried out on macrofungi samples collected from Ereğli district of Konya between 2017 and 2019. Eighty nine species, belonging to 74 genera, 41 families, 13 orders and 7 classes within Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were determined. The list of the taxa is presented together with their habitats and localities. Tulostoma niveum is repo...
Citations
... long, 1-2.5 cm. thick, large ringed, smooth, whitish to brown coloured; Gills free, crowded, narrow, white coloured; Spores 8-8.8 × 4.2-5 µm., ovoid, smooth; Spore print white (Fig.3 O) Huang et al., 2011;Paul et al., 2019 ...
... Site: Village-Sidhaura, Block-Haringtonganj, Tahsil-Bikapur Verified from: Burk and Smith, 1978;Paul et al., 2019 30. Pleuteus salicinus (Pers.) ...
... Collection Date: 28.08.2021 Collection Site: Village-Mawai, Block-Milkipur, Tahsil-Milkipur Verified from:Singh et al., 2016;Paul et al., 2019 ...
... In contrast, the remaining states, such as Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Gujarat, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, West Bengal, Tripura, as well as the Union Territories of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, have received significantly less attention in terms of research on this subject. Ao et al., 2016;Chuzho and Dkhar, 2017;Chuzho and Dkhar, 2018;Chuzho and Dkhar, 2019a;Dargan, 1976;Deb et al., 2008;Debnath et al., 2020;Dey et al., 2016;Li et al., 2015;Maharachchikumbura et al., 2016;Niranjan and Sarma, 2018;Patil et al., 2012;Paul, et al., Ao and Deb, 2019;Chuzho and Dkhar, 2018;Chuzho and Dkhar, 2019a;Dargan, 1976;Deb et al., 2008;Debnath et al., 2018;Debnath et al., 2020;Dey et al., 2016;Li et al., 2015;Niranjan and Sarma, 2018;Patil et al., 2012;Paul et al., ...
... In contrast, the remaining states, such as Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Gujarat, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, West Bengal, Tripura, as well as the Union Territories of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, have received significantly less attention in terms of research on this subject. Ao et al., 2016;Chuzho and Dkhar, 2017;Chuzho and Dkhar, 2018;Chuzho and Dkhar, 2019a;Dargan, 1976;Deb et al., 2008;Debnath et al., 2020;Dey et al., 2016;Li et al., 2015;Maharachchikumbura et al., 2016;Niranjan and Sarma, 2018;Patil et al., 2012;Paul, et al., Ao and Deb, 2019;Chuzho and Dkhar, 2018;Chuzho and Dkhar, 2019a;Dargan, 1976;Deb et al., 2008;Debnath et al., 2018;Debnath et al., 2020;Dey et al., 2016;Li et al., 2015;Niranjan and Sarma, 2018;Patil et al., 2012;Paul et al., ...
The families, Hypoxylaceae and Xylariaceae, constitute a well-known group of fungi, with a distribution that is dominant throughout the world. This article reviews available literature, books, and doctoral theses on this group of fungi, producing a checklist of Hypoxylaceae and Xylariaceae species. A total of 206 species has been identified, including both newly introduced and previously recorded species from India. These species belong to 23 different genera across the two distinct families. Among these, the genus, Xylaria, stands out with the highest number of species (76 spp.), making it the most species-rich genus within the two families. The genus Hypoxylon comes next, as the second most species-bearing genus (36 spp.), followed by the genus Rosellinia, which is the third most species-bearing genus (20 spp.).
... T. heimii, T. microcarpus, and T. eurrhizus as observed in the present study were also reported earlier from Assam [12,29,83]. But the species, T. clypeatus [29,83], T. mammiformis [23,30,67,83], T. medius [17,29], T. robustus [83], T. striatus [67] and T. umkowaan [19] reported earlier from the region are not encountered in the present investigation. Rather, five unidentified morphotypes of Termitomyces are found which need detailed study for their species-level identification. ...
... T. heimii, T. microcarpus, and T. eurrhizus as observed in the present study were also reported earlier from Assam [12,29,83]. But the species, T. clypeatus [29,83], T. mammiformis [23,30,67,83], T. medius [17,29], T. robustus [83], T. striatus [67] and T. umkowaan [19] reported earlier from the region are not encountered in the present investigation. Rather, five unidentified morphotypes of Termitomyces are found which need detailed study for their species-level identification. ...
... Many studies stated that mushrooms are an important nutrient source in rural areas of India, and indicated that the species generally collected includes members of the genera Termitomyces, Astraeus, Pleurotus, Agaricus and Rassula which are widely used in food by tribes and non-tribal people (Kumar et al., 2013;Mishra et al., 2021;Paul et al., 2019). ...
Humans have always been fascinated with wild mushrooms because of their unique shapes, appealing colour combinations, and possible uses in food and medicine. As people look to unearth the buried riches that these fungi offer, foraging for wild mushrooms necessitates a delicate balancing act between nature, science, and culture. Wild mushrooms are crucial components of the nutrition cycle, symbiotic companions of plants, and decomposers in forest habitats. Because of their complex shape and genetic variety, wild mushrooms are difficult to classify and identify from a scientific standpoint. Furthermore, foraging wild mushrooms has cultural significance spanning centuries. Indigenous knowledge systems have revered mushrooms for their potential healing properties and spiritual symbolism. In modern times, wild mushrooms have entered the gastronomic scene, captivating chefs, food enthusiasts, and mycophiles who appreciate their unique flavours and textures. However, the endeavour is not without risks, as some wild mushrooms can be toxic or hallucinogenic, underscoring the importance of education and caution in foraging practices. In this chapter we emphasis on the basic keys and description of wild mushroom and some of their informative remarks.
... As Lycoperdon pyriforme [11,16,18,42], as Morganella pyriformis [34], [13][14][15]17] ...
A literature-based checklist of macrofungi occurring in North East India is provided. It consists of 733 species of macrofungi distributed over 267 genera under 21 orders and 94 families. The relevant information provided herein is based on 86 papers and six doctoral theses. The geographical distribution of the reports covers eight states of North East India. The order Agaricales has the highest number of species (330 spp.) followed by Polyporales (126 spp.). The three most represented genera are Russula (38 spp.), Amanita (22 spp.) and Lactarius (23 spp.). This list covers only a part of the actual diversity of macrofungi occurring in the entire North East Indian region as detailed survey on macrofungi of this region is yet to be completed.
The diversity of mycoflora is crucial for determining the overall health of an ecosystem, yet it has received less attention compared to floristic diversity. An integrated taxonomical approach was used to understand the diversity and systematics of the gasteroid fungus Geastrum in the tropical mixed forest of Butea and Tectona in India’s Lower Chota Nagpur Plateau. Geastrum triplex, identified as a collared earthstar fungus, exhibits distinctive characteristics, including onion-shaped to obpyriform young basidiomes, a round umbo at the apex, a pseudoparenchymatous layer around the base of the sessile endoperidium, and a delimited fibrillose peristome. The present study provides a comprehensive morphological description coupled with illustrations, SEM image of basidiospores, distribution and ITS based phylogenetic analysis of Geastrum triplex and moreover, contributes to the distributional records in the Lower Chota Nagpur Plateau regions of India.
Abstract
Termitomyces are found associated with termites and show an exo-symbiotic relationship with termites. Both termites and
Termitomyces are important in forest ecosystems for wood degradation. The morphological diversity of Termitomyces
mushrooms as observed in Assam is high similar to other forest-rich regions of India. But the genetic diversity and species diversity from the region is not yet documented well. In the present study, DAMD and ISSR markers were applied for
genetic diversity estimation and nrDNA ITS marker was applied for the phylogenetic study of the Termitomyces mushrooms
collected from diferent localities of Assam. Besides, morphological characters were compared to the existing species monographs to identify the species. Based on morpho-molecular studies, the species identifed are T. heimii, T. microcarpus, and
T. eurrhizus. Five morphotypes of Termitomyces diferent from the existing species descriptions are recorded and are also
sub-clustered distinctly and distantly in a phylogenetic tree generated based on nrDNA ITS sequences. The presence of novel
species of Termitomyces is very much likely in the region which needs further taxonomic engagements to establish the neo
species through valid publication.
The gasteroid genus Scleroderma (Bolateles) (Basidiomycota) has a wide geographic distribution with ectomycorrhizal, edible, medicinal and extremophilic traits. Scleroderma spp. in the Indian subcontinent were found in 11 states in the Himalayas (eastern and western), northwest, northeast, central region, Western Ghats and the Deccan plateau in association with a wide variety of host tree species. The present study provided a description and keys to eight species of Scleroderma found in southwest India. These Scleroderma spp. in southwest India ectomycorrhizal with seven native (Artocarpus heterophyllus, Canarium strictum, Dysoxylum binectariferum, Gnetum ula, Macaranga peltata, Memecylon umbellatum and Vateria indica) and two exotic (Acacia auriculiformis and A. mangium) tree species. They showed distribution in different habitats (forests, sacred groves, arboretum, paddy fields and termite mounds). Among them, based on the tribal knowledge, three species are edible (S. citrinum, S. dictyosporum and S. polyrhizum). Scleroderma spp. being adapted to extreme habitats, further exhaustive studies will help to harness their mutualistic ability, edibility and bioactive potential. Being extremophiles, they are the ideal macrofungi to promote the rehabilitation of forests and plantations in the future.
The present communication deals with the details of progress of research work done on fleshy mushrooms in India over a period of time with special emphasis on systematics, biochemical, cultivation, and sociobiological aspects. The beginning of mushroom research in India dates back to nineteenth century. Since then lot of advancement has been made on various aspects. Earlier exploratory work on fleshy mushrooms was done following traditional techniques; however at present taxonomical work is being done on modern lines following both classical and latest molecular techniques. Besides this, mushrooms are also being evaluated for bioactive constituents which make them an excellent culinary option as functional food. The cultivation of mushroom is another aspect which has also started flourishing in the country. Over a period of time it has become a flourishing side venture for the entrepreneurs mainly in the states of Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, Chhattisgarh, North Eastern States, etc. which offer high profit with relatively low investment. Mushrooms are also being evaluated for their therapeutic relevance in the treatment of some of the common ailments including diabetes, cancer, AIDS, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, etc. In India, mushrooms remain an open field with innumerable opportunities for the researchers to explore and undertake researches in the areas of inventorization, evaluation, and domestication. Simultaneously, entrepreneurs need to take up the challenge of domestication, commercialization, and popularization of newer strains of fleshy mushrooms from the wild with application in human food and medicine.
Rhizopogon himalayensis (Castellano, S.L. Miller, Singh & Lakhanpal) A.B. Mujic & M.E. Sm., comb. nov. -an edible truffle-like fungus- normally exists in a symbiotic association with Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) Loud. Because of this important association and the ecological significance as per the available literature attached to this fungus, the present study was undertaken with a specific objective to test the mycorrhizal viability of this mycobiont with this important tree species of Himalaya -the theme tree of Himachal Pradesh. An attempt to investigate and record morphological and anatomical characteristics and variations in this mycorrhizal association was also made in nursery conditions using pure culture (wheat grain spawn) of R. himalayensis. The seedlings grown and inoculated in the nursery were harvested after six months for further examination, including the microscopic details. The study and subsequent analysis revealed that that mycobiont had invaded most of the feeder roots, imparting a typical swollen appearance to the mycorrhizal root tips. These root tips were light ochre with moderately thick plectenchymatic fungal mantle with occasional clamp connections on the inner layer of the fungal mantle. The root surface, as seen, was found smooth and frequently covered with a loose aggregation of inter-woven hyphae that uniformly pervaded the epidermis extending into the inter-cortical spaces of outer cortical cells and formed a characteristic Hartig net. Thus, results obtained in fact for the first time, presented an in-depth analysis of the morphological and anatomical characteristics of R. himalayensis and C. deodara association.
