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After carotid artery stenting, a well deployed carotid stent was seen at the left proximal internal carotid artery and the distal common carotid artery on digital subtraction angiography.
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We report here on a rare case of carotid artery angioplasty and stenting in a patient with spontaneous recanalization after complete occlusion of the proximal internal carotid artery (ICA). The patient initially showed severe stenosis at the left proximal ICA on MR angiography (MRA). Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) performed three days after...
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... Boston Scientific, Natick, MA). We could not use the distal protection device during the procedure because the diameter of the distal cervical ICA was less than 2.5 mm. No neurophysiological changes were identi- fied during or after the procedure. Angiography after CAS showed good deployment of the stent (Fig. 4), and there were no findings of intracranial vascular ...Similar publications
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Background
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Background:
Common carotid artery occlusive disease (CCAOD) could form internal carotid artery steal pathways. Based on the diagnostic results of digital subtraction angiography (DSA), head and neck computed tomography angiography (CTA) was used to find the internal carotid artery stealing pathway after CCAOD.
Methods:
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Citations
... Unfortunately, the physiologic mechanism of these serious procedure-related complications, such as instent stenosis or subacute in stent thrombosis after stenting and coiling of aneurysms, and their influence on overall long-term outcomes is unknown. Some authors have reported on cases treated by thrombolysis or in-stent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and others experienced spontaneous recanalization (2). Spontaneous recanalization of occluded internal carotid artery (ICA) does not frequently occur. ...
... Spontaneous recanalization is dependent on the composition of the thrombus, and the role of medications and collateral flow in the process of recanalization are unclear (10). Kim et al. (2) reported on one case of spontaneous recanalized ICA. The patient showed were prominent transopthalmic collateral flow, good collateral flow from the contralateral anterior cerebral artery and retrograde flow from the supraclinoid ICA to the occluded proximal ICA. ...
We present a 61-year-old female with an unruptured intracranial aneurysm on the left superior hypophyseal artery. The patient was treated with endovascular management, stent-assisted coil embolization. Multiple embolic infarction and total occlusion of the left internal carotid artery (ICA) was occurred one day later. At 14 days of heparinization, complete recanalization of the ICA and full recovery of neurologic symptoms were achieved. Stent-assisted coil embolization is not without risk of instent thrombosis and the subsequent embolism. The cause of subacute in-stent thrombosis and natural course were uncertain; however, the clinical course may potentially be fatal. Therefore, rapid diagnosis and proper treatment are recommended.
... In majority of cases patients with the ICA dissection are symptomatic when the diagnosis is made, but in our case it was detected incidentally in an asymptomatic patient [13,14]. Spontaneous recanalization of the ICA has been described in ICA dissections in about 57-68% of the cases, but it has rarely been observed in the patients suff ering with an underlying atherosclerotic disease or an embolic cause [15,16]. ...
We present a case of spontaneous recanalization of the internal carotid artery (ICA) that occurred in a 51-year-old male patient. The occlusion of the right ICA was asymptomatic and was detected incidentally during imaging of the opposite carotid artery. The patient underwent neuroradiologic analysis and a tapered, flame-like occlusion suggestive of the right ICA dissection was detected. One month later, a carotid Doppler ultrasound demonstrated patent right carotid artery with normal spectral flow. Five-month follow-up showed that the ICA remained patent.
... Kim, em 2006, apresentou o caso de um doente com quadro de isquemia cerebral, com oclusão recente de ACI esquerda, que apresentou recanalização espontânea 4 semanas após o diagnóstico. Foi realizada a angioplastia sem o uso de sistema de proteção, e o paciente evoluiu sem intercorrências, provando que o tratamento endovascular também é factível nesses casos 9 . ...
Late spontaneous recanalization of internal carotid artery is an unusual event that has received little attention. The authors report a case of a 73-year-old male patient, hypertensive, with previous history of cerebral vascular accident 3 years ago, with sensorimotor sequela in the right upper limb. Duplex scanning and arteriography showed total occlusion of the internal carotid artery. The patient progressed after 2 years with new episodes of recurrent transient ischemic attacks. When submitted to new imaging examinations to assess extra- and intracranial circulation, vessel recanalization was demonstrated, with severe stenosis. Left carotid endarterectomy was uneventfully performed. The patient progressed without new episodes after a 1-month follow-up. Considering the case rarity and the lack of literature on late carotid artery recanalization that can be surgically repaired, we decided to present this case focusing on the importance of following carotid artery occlusions.
... Kim, em 2006, apresentou o caso de um doente com quadro de isquemia cerebral, com oclusão recente de ACI esquerda, que apresentou recanalização espontânea 4 semanas após o diagnóstico. Foi realizada a angioplastia sem o uso de sistema de proteção, e o paciente evoluiu sem intercorrências, provando que o tratamento endovascular também é factível nesses casos 9 . ...
Late spontaneous recanalization of internal carotid artery is an unusual event that has received little attention. The authors report a case of a 73-year-old male patient, hypertensive, with previous history of cerebral vascular accident 3 years ago, with sensorimotor sequela in the right upper limb. Duplex scanning and arteriography showed total occlusion of the internal carotid artery. The patient progressed after 2 years with new episodes of recurrent transient ischemic attacks. When submitted to new imaging examinations to assess extra- and intracranial circulation, vessel recanalization was demonstrated, with severe stenosis. Left carotid endarterectomy was uneventfully performed. The patient progressed without new episodes after a 1-month follow-up. Considering the case rarity and the lack of literature on late carotid artery recanalization that can be surgically repaired, we decided to present this case focusing on the importance of following carotid artery occlusions.
Internal carotid artery occlusion accounts for 15-20% of ischemic strokes, caused by atherosclerosis or dissection. Clinical symptoms are variable, from asymptomatic cases to minor or severe strokes. Diagnosis in internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion is based on imaging techniques. Prognosis after ICA occlusion depends on many factors: severity of neurologic deficit, spontaneous recanalization of the artery, and the occurrence of recurrent strokes. Patients with spontaneous recanalization of the occluded ICA tend to have a retained functional ability and favorable clinical outcomes. Medical treatment, recanalization techniques and intensive rehabilitation program are essential in improving functional outcome of patients with stroke produced by ICA occlusion. We present the case of a young patient diagnosed with ischemic stroke produced by internal carotid artery occlusion, with consecutive severe neurologic deficit, and an unfavorable functional outcome, as evaluated with the Modified Rankin Scale. Spontaneous recanalization of the occluded ICA was observed after 6 weeks, suggesting a carotid dissection. The patient was included in an intensive rehabilitation program, associated with best medical therapy, showing improvement of its functional status at 3 months follow up. Key words: ischemic stroke, carotid artery occlusion, carotid dissection, spontaneous recanalization, functional outcome
Acute carotid artery occlusion carries a high morbidity and mortality. Acute angioplasty and stenting is a feasible option with little known about the long term outcome. Limiting factor for this approach is hyperperfusion syndrome or hemorrhagic infarction. Spontaneous early or late recanalization for extracranial vessel is in the range of 5% -30%, with no well defined clinical outcome data. We describe a case of spontaneous common carotid recanalization.
An 88 year old man presented with right sided weakness, global aphasia and visual field loss and was discovered to have common carotid occlusion at its origin. Within 12 hours of symptom onset patient improved neurologically to his baseline exam and repeat imaging demonstrated spontaneous recanalization. This was followed symptomatic occlusion of left middle cerebral artery The patient was treated with multimodality approach resulting in complete revascularization of the middle cerebral artery and angioplasty and stent placement of the internal carotid artery. Patient had a good neurological outcome at 3 months followup.
The present case report demonstrates the risk of spontaneous recanalization acutely in patients presenting with common carotid artery occlusion and associated risk of embolic strokes. In such a patient, concomitant treatment for intracranial occlusion and extracranial high grade stenosis may be performed safely after 30 hours from the initial symptom onset.
Spontaneous recanalization of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is rarely observed. Mainly case reports are published. Most often early recanalization occurs within days or weeks and only a few cases of late recanalization months or years after detected occlusion are reported. Symptomatic bilateral ICA occlusion is regarded as an acceptable indication for extra-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass. The authors report on a case with bilateral symptomatic ICA occlusion and EC-IC bypass >2 years prior to detected spontaneous leftsided recanalization. Spontaneous recanalization unmasking a high degree ICA stenosis at the carotid bifurcation allowed a successful subsequent surgical recanalization in this patients. Mechanisms of early and late recanalization as well as treatment options are discussed.
Recanalization of an occluded extracranial internal carotid artery is a rare event. The mechanism remains unclear. We report a case of recanalized internal carotid artery in its extracranial portion. The patient underwent successful carotid endarterectomy.
