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Aetiology of malnutrition in the elderly (Adapted from 15, 33) 

Aetiology of malnutrition in the elderly (Adapted from 15, 33) 

Citations

... In most cases, major health problems prevalent in the 1970s have been addressed and improved, such as vast improvements in vaccination rates, pain management and contraception efficacy (2)(3)(4). But when it comes to PEM, the continuing high prevalence across all settings (10 -65% in our home-dwelling, hospitalised and institutionalised elderly) (5)(6)(7)(8) and hefty economic burden (>USD$156 billion per annum) (9)(10)(11) at first appears to suggest that medicine and medical nutrition therapy may have failed to achieve any significant improvement in the past 40 years. However, PEM (the unintentional loss of lean tissues caused by inadequate energy, protein and nutrient intake) is unique compared with many other medical and nutritional problems, due to not only having a deeply complex physiological cause, but also a multifactorial environmental, economic and psychosocial origin. ...