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Establishing a scientific and rational benchmarking method for building energy consumption is the key to objectively, justly and accurately evaluating the building energy performance. This paper compares and analyzes the energy consumption benchmarking methods at home and aboard, and proposes a method for determining energy consumption benchmarks b...
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... Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development promulgated the "Standard for energy consumption of building GB/T51161" in 2016; the local construction departments in Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Guangdong have also promulgated local building energy consumption standards or guidelines. The comparison of different building energy consumption benchmarking methods at abroad and home see table 1, the advantages and disadvantages of them see Table 2. Establish a scoring model based on the cumulative probability distribution of r values Score≥75, energy performance is high; 50≤ Score < 75, energy performance is general; Score <50, energy performance is low ...Context 2
... Table 2, we can see that the" Statistical characteristics method based on building sub-classification " is the most simply method, but it is unreasonable and inaccurate, the "Probability method based on building subclassification and the revision of actual EUI" method is more accurate than it, but the revision of actual EUI has not consider all the major factors, which making the comparison of similar buildings not under identical conditions. The above two methods have taken into account the building type and function, but the operating conditions of different buildings are quite different, it is very difficult to establish a building classification model including all the operating conditions. ...Citations
... These entities account for about a quarter of European buildings' energy consumption [13]. Public buildings (PBs), such as offices, hotels, retail outlets, hospitals, and schools, have a high energy consumption intensity [14]. ...
This study investigates the compliance of Moroccan public buildings with the thermal regulation (RTCM). It analysis public building envelope typology, the conformity and the impact of RTCM conformity on energy performance across the six climatic zones defined by the RTCM. The outcomes of this research may serve as a decision-support instrument by identifying areas where the thermal regulation is already validated and the potential impact that a public building could undergo by implementing these provisions. Additionally, this study can be viewed as a crucial analysis contributing to the enhancement of the existing regulation. The study emphasizes various extraneous stipulations present within the prevailing regulation. In this work, we have attempted to categorize these stipulations into two distinct groups: recommendations for refinement to be integrated into the regulatory framework, and essential measures to ensure successful implementation of the regulation in the realm of building energy efficiency.
... The developed model was then compared with data from apartments in two cities in South Korea. S. Dongmei [10] created and tested a multiple regression model of energy consumption benchmarks based on 45 government buildings in Shenzhen, China. The model was applied to estimate energy consumption benchmarks and evaluate energy performance of two government office buildings in Shenzhen. ...
In this study regression modeling is proposed for calculating the heating and cooling load of the buildings by considering the outdoor meteorological data. For this pupose, Balikesir University Rectorate Building is selected as the case building. In the winter months, measurements were made in the hot water boiler in the basement of the building for the heating energy load. For the cooling energy load, measurements were made in the chiller groups near the building. As climate data, eight variables were considered: outdoor temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity, wind speed, atmospheric pressure , sunshine duration, steam pressure, and 1 m underground temperature. The Minitab statistical analysis program was used to perform the modeling. 55 samples were used for mathematically modeling the heating load, while 37 samples are used for modeling the cooling load. The R 2 (coefficient of determination) values are calculated as 96.2% and 98.94% for cooling load and heating load, respectively. In addition to these findings, ANOVA results for both models were examined and both models were found to be significant. 1. Introduction. Urbanization and the increase in energy use and carbon dioxide emissions due to urbanization have made the climate impacts on energy use in cities more important. This requires research on regional and microclimate effects in the city [2]. Energy consumption for space heating and cooling typically accounts for more than 40% of the energy consumption of residential buildings. Accurate and rapid estimation of space heating and cooling loads sustains energy saving and reduces carbon emissions by using optimization design methods that take into account various building characteristics. Accurate and rapid estimation of space heating and cooling load and optimization methods can provide significant support during both the design and retrofitting processes of pre-built buildings [24].
... e image and tone of public buildings must be in harmony with the overall outline of the city and the natural environment. At present, the consumption of interior decoration in public buildings in China accounts for a large proportion and is on the rise, and the cost of interior decoration in public buildings is enormous [9]. For instance, Figure 1 shows that the interiors of some public buildings are becoming very wasteful. ...
In recent years, with the continuous development of urbanisation, the proportion of interior design in public buildings has been increasing year by year. At the same time, there is a tendency in many places for the interior spaces of public buildings to be upscale and retro. This indicates that people are paying more and more attention to the spiritual aspect of their lives, in addition to the materialistic pursuit of enjoyment. The current phenomenon of overdecoration in society can lead to excessive luxury and wastefulness. In these wasteful interiors, the beauty of the building itself is lost. In addition, this type of interior design is not only expensive but also poses certain safety risks to some extent. In the modern society, public buildings are essential places for public activities. To be specific, they are closely linked to public services and social management attributes. As a result, public buildings usually play a decisive role in facilitating communication and cooperation between various persons. Thus, the construction requirements of public buildings are currently increasing and the structural shapes of buildings are becoming more complex. In addition, the level of technology and the use of public buildings are becoming increasingly demanding. As a result, it is quite important to examine how modern and emerging technologies can be applied to public building design in order to improve its effectiveness. At the same time, with the continuous and rapid development of China’s economy and the promotion of the concept of environmental protection, the greening of public buildings has become an object of concern and research. There are many different types of existing public buildings in China, and in the design process, the energy consumption of the building throughout its life cycle and its impact on the surrounding environment are not fully considered, resulting in problems such as high energy consumption and poor indoor comfort in the actual use of the building. However, the demolition and reconstruction of buildings can lead to waste of resources and environmental pollution. Therefore, it is feasible and necessary to study the application of green building technologies in the design of public buildings. This study models the effectiveness of public building interior design based on BIM technology from the perspective of integrated design as well as parametric design. This model enables the interior design of public buildings to become energy efficient, emission reducing, and environmentally sustainable. After all, the integration of architecture and interior design can reduce unnecessary decorative waste. In addition, this model can also respond to the government’s efforts to develop an ecological civilisation, creating a new way of living that is resource efficient.
... Compared to other studies that addressed machine learning methods for benchmarking buildings, Silva et al. [66] achieved an error rate equal to 18.3% (C-RMSE) using support vector machines for benchmarking school buildings in São Paulo, Brazil. Targeting the same purpose but for office buildings, Dongmei et al. [67] achieved accuracies from 85% to 71% using a regression model. Although the discretisation process implies in loss of information compared to other regressive methods found in the literature, it is possible to see that the approach proposed herein indeed showed good performance compared to such methods. ...
Energy benchmarking are used to compare the operational performance of buildings with the corresponding stock. Multi-criteria methods emerged to consider different factors in benchmarking assessment. However, there is a lack in considering occupants’ thermal satisfaction in methods based on actual data. The objective of this article is to propose a method to integrate thermal satisfaction into energy benchmarking. The main innovation is to propose a probabilistic metric that takes into account energy consumption, construction aspects, climate conditions, systems and thermal satisfaction level to benchmark a building. The method consists of a statistical analysis to select relevant variables in the building stock, the process of discretisation of such variables, and the developing and validation of a Bayesian Network to serve as an instrument for the benchmarking method. A detailed evidence-based dataset of 426 schools in Brazil was used. Results showed that buildings with low thermal satisfaction of occupants were benchmarked as less efficient than those with high thermal satisfaction and similar energy consumption. Regarding the validation step, the benchmarking model achieved an error rate ranging from 17.78% to 29.17%. The main conclusion is that machine learning techniques can adequately integrate subjective aspects such as occupant satisfaction in data-driven energy benchmarking methods.
... Two categories have been recognized as influencing building's energy consumption namely; external factors, which are uncontrollable, yet have significant impacts on the energy consumed through heating and air conditioning system (Dongme 2018). The other category is the internal factor, referring to the factors that maintain the normal function of the building such as the building area, air-conditioned area, building operating time, and the number of staff members. ...
Barriers to improvement in industrial energy efficiency are mainly due to the existence of factors like low energy efficiency measures, poor energy management, lack of access to capital, lack of technical skill and many more. This study aims to improve the awareness of South Africa’s industrial energy efficiency and energy management policies by investigating the existing practices in one of South Africa's oldest cement plants. For this study, an exploratory method through semi-structured interviews was used to investigate the barriers and drivers for implementing energy efficiency measures in South Africa’s cement finishing mill. The core reason for the implementation of energy efficiency in the South Africa cement industry was also explained. The results revealed an energy efficiency gap in the plant due to low energy efficiency measures and poor energy management. Moreover, the important barriers that hindered the implementation of cost-effective measures in the plant were economic-related barriers to rational behavior, which linked to the plant’s poor energy efficiency because of the organizational structure. The study also observed that organizational profits related to “environmental company profile” and “environmental management systems” followed by economic profits associated with “cost reductions resulting from lower energy use” were the most ranking drivers of energy efficiency measures in the plant
... Two categories have been recognized as influencing building's energy consumption namely; external factors, which are uncontrollable, yet have significant impacts on the energy consumed through heating and air conditioning system (Dongme 2018). The other category is the internal factor, referring to the factors that maintain the normal function of the building such as the building area, air-conditioned area, building operating time, and the number of staff members. ...
Gas hydrates, also known as methane hydrates, are formed due to the high hydraulic pressures present under the cold seabed over long periods of time. Gas hydrates are mainly composed of methane produced in the seabed by bacteria in the use of the remains of animals and plants as food. Often appearing as translucent or opaque ice, gas hydrates can be separated into water and methane gas, which can be burned at normal temperatures and pressures, giving this substance the nickname "combustible ice." As global oil reserves continue to be depleted, scientists are regarding methane hydrates as a new energy source that is very likely to replace oil in the 21st century. According to reports by the United States Geological Survey, the potential natural gas energy that can be recovered from global methane hydrate formations is two times the amount of fossil fuel energy available to the world. Therefore, many countries that are deeply engaged in the development of gas hydrates, such as the United States, Japan, Canada, China, India, and Taiwan, hope that this new energy source can become a substitute for more conventional petroleum sources. Japan—the first country to develop methane hydrates—will be ready for commercial mass production in the eastern Japanese Nankai Trough prior to 2018, according to Japan’s Methane Hydrate R&D Program-MH 21. However, the exploitation of methane hydrates in terrestrial permafrost requires less technical risk and costs. Joint explorations in areas of Alaska by the United States, Japan, and Canada will enter the preparation phase for commercial output as early as 2015. In Taiwan, cooperation with Germany and the United States has led to methane hydrate exploration and the initiation of drilling sampling in the South China Sea that is expected to be finished in 2016, with commercial production ready as soon as 2026.
... Two categories have been recognized as influencing building's energy consumption namely; external factors, which are uncontrollable, yet have significant impacts on the energy consumed through heating and air conditioning system (Dongme 2018). The other category is the internal factor, referring to the factors that maintain the normal function of the building such as the building area, air-conditioned area, building operating time, and the number of staff members. ...
In this chapter, the authors go on to explore barriers and enablers which impact the durability of solar street lighting systems in rural India to create a renewable energy eco-system in rural poor communities. The analysis focuses on the durability of renewable energy systems from social perspective in India
... To avoid this prognosis, it is necessary to disseminate and adopt cost-effective methods and technologies, as well as to change the behavior and lifestyle of the population [12]. The creation of a scientific and rational method of comparative analysis of energy consumption in buildings is the key to an objective, fair and accurate assessment of the energy characteristics of the building [13]. In order to successfully save energy, modernization activities should take into account structural transformations of buildings (e.g. ...
The aim of the work is to assess the energy-saving effect after the installation of automated individual heat points that carry out weather regulation of the heating load. The analysis was carried out for 18 educational institutions of the Belgorod region, in which energy service contracts were implemented in 2016. The data of the actual monthly consumption of heat energy during the basic heating season before the implementation of energy-saving measures and data of daily accounting of heat consumption during the two heating seasons after the installation of automated individual heat points were used. The average unit savings for all institutions was 14 per cent. It is established that the greatest value of economy, 20-30%, provides decrease in temperature in buildings to optimum level. Elimination of “overflows” in the autumn-spring period allows to save 5-10% of thermal energy. The decrease in temperature on non-working days is characterized by a small amount of savings, not more than 3%, or its absence.
... Buildings consume the largest amount of energy among the different industrial sectors all over the world and particularly in the Middle East. In recent researches [1][2][3][4][5][6][7], authors confirmed the significance of prioritizing the energy consumption in buildings. Zheng et. ...
... The Commissioning Team consists of representatives from each of the different parties involved in the design, construction and operation of this facility: 1 ...
Finding solutions for energy saving has become one of the most demanding issues facing almost all the governments, decision makers and stakeholders all over the world. Energy saving solutions in building industry could be applied in all the construction phases – Pre-design, design, pre-construction, construction, and post-construction. Energy management in the post-construction (operation) phase - in particular - is the key point for energy saving. This paper is focusing on employing green rating systems to guide the process of the commissioning for buildings in order to save energy during the operation and maintenance of buildings. Moreover, the research highlights on the important process that should be taken into consideration during the other phases. LEED (Leadership for Environmental and Energy Design) is suggested and discussed here in order to be employed in this regard. The LEED fundamental commissioning system is discussed briefly while a detailed explanation for the processes, tasks and responsibilities of each stakeholder in building projects is presented. Commissioning helps to review Design Documentations and make recommendations to the design team and pertaining to functionality and workability of commissioned systems. In addition, it aids to review Owner Project Requirements (OPR) and Basis Of Design (BOD). This ensures the achievement of high levels of professionalism and technicalities in the different construction phases of buildings. The paper presents at the end a designed chart for the entire commissioning processes that can aid the process of assuring energy efficiency in buildings.
