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Adult Scolytus spp. from populations in La Grande, Oregon. (a) Scolytus schevyrewi. (b) Scolytus multistriatus. Photographs by Patricia L. Johnson.
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Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov, le scolyte asiatique de l'orme, et S. multistriatus Marsham, le petit scolyte européen de l'orme, se ressemblent morphologiquement. L'utilisation des seuls caractères externes des adultes pour l'identification pose un problème, car il y a un fort degré de variabilité au sein de chacune des espèces et il est nécessaire d...
Citations
... . (Johnson ,2008 ʈ> @ ɳ Faccoli, 2006 .( ɷɳ Dendroctonus pseudotsugae (Hopkins, 1905) Brasier, 1991 .( ...
... This technique has been used in the identification of many insect species: Acromyrmex (Hymenoptera) (grutzmacher et al. (Queiroz et al. 2007, Haghighi and Kumar 2017, Sharma and Singh 2017, Yadav et al. 2017). In the order Coleoptera, Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov, 1902 andScolytus multistriatus (Marsham, 1802) (Curculionidae) were accurately differentiated with RAPD profiles (Johnson et al. 2008), as well as ten scarab beetle species (Scarabaeidae) (Zahoor et al. 2013) and three sibling species of Trogoderma dejean (Dermestidae) (Yulin et al. 1999). Yulin et al. (1998) used rAPD to separate three species of Monochamus (Cerambycidae) using adults and larvae individuals. ...
... An Acad Bras Cienc (2019) 91(3) e20180209 4 | 8 of primers and choosing the best for each analysis as different sets of primers often produce different banding patterns that can be used in a variety of studies (Yulin et al. 1998, grutzmacher et al. 2007, Johnson et al. 2008, Zahoor et al. 2013, Coelho-Bortolo et al. 2016, Preet and gupta 2017. Therefore, these markers have several entomological applications, for example, in forensic entomology, breeding programs, taxonomic identification of pests of agronomic interests, detection of genetic variation among populations, as well as, in the identification of closely related species (Grzywacz et al. 2012, ercan et al. 2012, Sivasankaran et al. 2013, Matta et al. 2013, Sunitha et al. 2015, Singh et al. 2016, Haghighi and Kumar 2017, Queiroz et al. 2017, Sharma and Singh 2017. ...
... Therefore, these markers have several entomological applications, for example, in forensic entomology, breeding programs, taxonomic identification of pests of agronomic interests, detection of genetic variation among populations, as well as, in the identification of closely related species (Grzywacz et al. 2012, ercan et al. 2012, Sivasankaran et al. 2013, Matta et al. 2013, Sunitha et al. 2015, Singh et al. 2016, Haghighi and Kumar 2017, Queiroz et al. 2017, Sharma and Singh 2017. With regard to species identification, the analysis of electrophoretic profiles has been used in other groups of insects, with satisfactory results (Yulin et al. 1998, 1999, Johnson et al. 2008, Sivasankaran et al. 2013, Zahoor et al. 2013, Bajpai 2016a. Queiroz et al. (2005) suggested that rAPD markers could be used for the development of specific primers for Coleoptera species. ...
Twig girdlers have a short adult life and a long larval stage (up to one year in some species). This fact, together with lack of morphological traits to identify the species from the larval stage, poses obstacles for the taxonomic identification and characterization of the many twig girdlers found in the wild. To solve this matter, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) molecular markers have been applied to identify some insect species and to determine species boundaries. The aim of this study was to identify three species of Oncideres using the RAPD technique. Adults and larvae of O. saga, O. ocularis and O. ulcerosa were collected in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Two RAPD primers were used (OPA-05 and OPB-13), which produced different electrophoretic profiles that were used to construct a UPGMA phenogram. Three groups identified in the analyses accurately separated the three species, based on individuals in two different stages of development (adults and larvae): I: O. saga, II: O. ulcerosa, and III: O. ocularis. Molecular markers, such as RAPD, are valuable tools that help taxonomists in species identification.
... Identification. Note that Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov (not yet reported from S. America) is extremely similar in morphology and ecology [70,71] (their Figure 1). The best sources for photos, keys, and descriptions for these invasive elm bark beetles are [69,71]. ...
The rate of establishment of non-native bark beetle species is accelerating in many parts of the world and is considered a serious threat to forests and forest crops. Distributional data for exotic bark beetles are urgently needed, but they must be based on sound taxonomy. Using primary literature and original records, I review for the first time the invasive bark beetle (Scolytinae) species in Chile and Argentina, and I give a short risk assessment for each. I also provide the best sources for identifying these species. The invasive pine bark beetle commonly referred to in Chilean research as Orthotomicus erosus (Wollaston) is not that species: evidence suggests that the only Orthotomicus that is or has been in Chile is O. laricis (Fabricius), which is also the Orthotomicus species reported in the most recent research from Argentina. I add new information on the distributions of two other abundant pine-breeding invasive species, Hylurgus ligniperda (F.) and Hylastes ater (Paykull), and I report that populations of Hylastes linearis Erichson have been found in Chile. This is the first known occurrence of the species in South America. Phloeotribus willei Schedl, a tiny bark beetle collected from domestic fig trees in Chile and Peru, has been considered native heretofore. I argue that it must be an introduced Neotropical species, and I present new localities for Chile. I present the first Chilean records of the Myrtaceae specialist ambrosia beetle Amasa truncata (Erichson), an Australian species recently found in southern Brazil and northeastern Uruguay, and new Argentinian records that seem to be the earliest finds of Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) in South America. The Canary Island palm seed specialist Dactylotrypes longicollis (Wollaston) is reported for the first time from South America, from Chile. The presence in Chile of another spermatophage, Coccotrypes dactyliperda (F.), is confirmed. New Chilean regions and new host records are given for Pagiocerus frontalis (F.), a species that breeds in Lauraceae seeds but also in stored maize. Other exotic species treated briefly include Hylastinus obscurus (Marsham), Hylesinus taranio (Danthione), Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham), S. rugulosus (Müller), Coccotrypes cyperi (Beeson), and Xyleborinus saxeseni (Ratzeburg). Finally, reports of several species from Chile or Argentina are considered unsupported by evidence: Scolytus kirschii Skalitzky, Pityokteines curvidens (Germar), Coccotrypes robustus Eichhoff, and Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari). La velocidad de establecimiento de especies de coleópteros descortezadores no nativos se está acelerando en muchas partes del mundo y se considera una amenaza seria a bosques y cultivos forestales. Se requiere datos distribucionales urgentemente, pero estos tienen que basarse en taxonomía sólida. Utilizando literatura primaria y registros originales, reviso por primera vez la fauna invasora de especies de descortezadores (Scolytinae) en Chile y Argentina, y ofrezco una evaluación breve del riesgo de cada una. También proporciono los mejores referencias para identificar estas especies. La especie descortezador invasora de pinos comunmente citado en investigaciones chilenas como Orthotomicus erosus (Wollaston) no es esa: la evidencia sugiere que la única especie de Orthotomicus actualmente o históricamente presente en Chile es O. laricis (Fabricius), la cual es
... window traps) (Menkis et al. 2016), delta traps prevented cross-contamination among individual beetles (54.8 % of all beetles were not infected by DED), thereby allowing abundance monitoring of the beetles vectoring DED each year. However, in order to more precisely monitor the flying intensity of S. multistriatus, window traps or Lindgren funnel trap (Johnson et al. 2008), instead of delta traps, should probably be used to obtain higher yields of beetles. Although it is acknowledged that S. multistriatus may vector Ophiostoma spp. ...
Scolytus multistriatus Marsham, the smaller European elm bark beetle, is a vector for Dutch elm disease (DED) that in the year 2005 invaded the island of Gotland (Sweden). The island possesses the largest population of elm (mainly Ulmus minor Mill.) in northern Europe. The aim of this study was to monitor flying periods of S. multistriatus during three consecutive years and by using high-throughput sequencing to assess communities of vectored fungi. Sampling of the beetles was carried out at two different sites in Gotland in 2012, 2013, and 2014. In total, 50 pheromone traps were placed at each site and checked weekly during June-August each year. From all sites and years, 177 beetles were trapped. Among these, 6.2 % were trapped in June, 76.8 % in July, and 16.9 % in August (difference significant at p<0.007). Sequencing of ITS rDNA from the beetles revealed the presence of 1589 fungal taxa, among which virulent DED pathogen Ophiostoma novo-ulmi Brasier was the second most common species (9.0 % of all fungal sequences). O. ulmi Buisman, the less virulent DED pathogen, was also detected but only in a single beetle, which was sampled in 2012 (0.04 % of sequences). There were 13.0 % of the beetles infested with O. novo-ulmi in 2012, 4.0 % in 2013, and 27.7 % in 2014. O. novo-ulmi comprised 0.8 % of fungal sequences in 2012, 0.002 % in 2013, and 8.2 % in 2014. The study showed that the proportion of S. multistriatus vectoring O. novo-ulmi has increased in recent years.
... . (Johnson ,2008 ʈ> @ ɳ Faccoli, 2006 .( ɷɳ Dendroctonus pseudotsugae (Hopkins, 1905) Brasier, 1991 .( ...
For identification and morphological investigation on elm bark beetles species during 2011,
sampling was carried out on weaken trees in central area of Guilan province. A total of three species
Scolytus pygmaeus (Fabricius, 1787), S. ecksteini (Butovitsch1929) and S. ensifer (Eichhoff, 1881)
were identified. Morphological index (spine on the lower margin of abdominal segment) which is an
important character for identification of different species in the genus Scolytus was compared in
identified species. The Results indicated that Scolytus pygmaeus and Scolytus ensifer are the most and
the least abundant species, respectively. A key also was provided for identification of species.
This chapter discusses the native ranges, histories of introduction, recent research efforts, and the potential impacts of some of 22 species of invasive scolytids in California’s Mediterranean forest ecosystems. The diversity of native and ornamental tree species, the varied climatic zones, and the widespread importation of nursery stock and packaged cargo have made California a fertile location for the introduction and establishment of bark and ambrosia beetles. Eight of the twenty two taxa are ambrosia beetles; four are spermophagous (e.g., Coccotrypes and Dactylotrypes sp.); six are hardwood bark beetles (Hypothenemus eruditus, Scolytus sp., Phloeotribus liminaris, and Pityophthorus juglandis); and four are coniferophagous bark beetles (Hylurgus ligniperda, Ips calligraphus, Orthotomicus erosus, and Phloeosinus armatus). Five of the species have probable native ranges elsewhere in North America (indigenous exotic species), whereas nearly all of the remaining species have likely origins in Eurasia with at least four of those with clear roots in true Mediterranean ecosystems. Several appear to be from Africa. Many of the species were first detected in heavily urbanized southern California. Detailed overviews are provided for an ensemble of species that have had or could potentially have the most impact on California forest or orchard resources (H. ligniperda, O. erosus, P. juglandis, Scolytus multistriatus, S. rugulosus, S. schevyrewi, and Xyleborinus saxeseni). Another potentially damaging species, the polyphagous shot hole borer, Euwallacea nr. fornicatus, is treated elsewhere (Chap. 26). The introductions of these taxa range from species that may have invaded over 100–150 years ago (e.g., Hypothenemus eruditus, S. rugulosus, or X. saxeseni) to 10–15 years ago (10 of the 22 species have been detected since 2000). Dactylotrypes longicollis (a spermophage); Euwallacea nr. fornicatus; and Hylurgus ligniperda represent new generic records for California. Trends and conditions that favor future invasions by other members of this group of insects and a California watch list are presented.
Recently reported, and likely to threaten the health of standing trees in the urban and peri-urban forests of the West, are at least five new subcortical insect/pathogen complexes [Agrilus coxalis Waterhouse (Buprestidae) and four species of Scolytidae: Orthotomicus (Ips) erosus (Wollaston), Hylurgus lignipderda F., Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov, and Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman, which vectors the invasive fungus, Geosmithia sp.]. Through the Forest Insect and Disease Leaflet and Pest Alert series and other extension-type publications, personnel from USDA Forest Service Research and Development (R&D) have worked closely with USDA Forest Service Forest Health Protection (FHP) specialists in the western regions to disseminate information to the public on the distribution, identification, biology, and potential impact of these new pests to western U.S. forests. Because the Mediterranean pine engraver, O. erosus, has the most potential to have a strong impact on conifers in western U.S. forests and elsewhere in North America, we focus on this species as a case study for the development of a species-specific national risk map (=Potential Susceptibility map) to illustrate how USDA Forest Service R&D and USDA Forest Service FHP [in this case the Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team (FHTET)], can work cooperatively to address an issue of pressing national concern.
