Figure 5 - uploaded by Chandrajit L. Bajaj
Content may be subject to copyright.
1: Adjacent Double Tetrahedra, Functions and Control Points for two Non-Convex Adjacent Faces C 0 Continuity: If two tetrahedra share a common face, we equate the control points of the associated cubic polynomials on the common face(see Lemma 2.2):

1: Adjacent Double Tetrahedra, Functions and Control Points for two Non-Convex Adjacent Faces C 0 Continuity: If two tetrahedra share a common face, we equate the control points of the associated cubic polynomials on the common face(see Lemma 2.2):

Source publication
Article
Full-text available
We present a sufficient criterion for the Bernstein-Bezier (BB) form of a trivariate polynomial within a tetrahedron, such that the real zero contour of the polynomial defines a smooth, connected and single sheeted algebraic surface patch. We call this an A-patch. We present algorithms to build a mesh of cubic A-patches to interpolate a given set o...

Contexts in source publication

Context 1
... fact, since w 2 p 1 p 2 p 3 ], the coeecients on the same layer are C 1 related. For the 0-th layer (see Figure 5.2), the control points labeled are thus already determined. The control points are determined by a coplanar condition with surrounding . ...
Context 2
... the 1st layer (see Figure 5.2), the control points labeled and 2 are similarly determined as the 0-th layer. For the 2nd layer (see Figure 5.2), the control points are arbitrarily chosen and 2 is determined by the coplanar condition. ...
Context 3
... the 1st layer (see Figure 5.2), the control points labeled and 2 are similarly determined as the 0-th layer. For the 2nd layer (see Figure 5.2), the control points are arbitrarily chosen and 2 is determined by the coplanar condition. Finally, the 3rd layer coeecient is free. ...
Context 4
... assume (without loss of generality) that all the normals point to the same side of the surface triangulation T. That is the side on which p 4 and p 0 4 lie(see Figure 5.1). Under this assumption, it follows from Deenition 4.1 and equation (5.2) that, the control points on the edge, say a i 0210 ; a i 0120 on edge p 2 p 3 ](see Figure 5.1), are nonpositive if the edge is nonnegative convex, and nonnegative if the edge is nonpositive convex. ...
Context 5
... assume (without loss of generality) that all the normals point to the same side of the surface triangulation T. That is the side on which p 4 and p 0 4 lie(see Figure 5.1). Under this assumption, it follows from Deenition 4.1 and equation (5.2) that, the control points on the edge, say a i 0210 ; a i 0120 on edge p 2 p 3 ](see Figure 5.1), are nonpositive if the edge is nonnegative convex, and nonnegative if the edge is nonpositive convex. ...
Context 6
... the control points around the vertices of T are determined by the normals, the smooth vertex condition is obviously satissed. If the surface contains the edge p 2 p 3 ](see Figure 5.1), then since a i 1110 (or a i 0111 ) is freely chosen, the smooth edge condition is easily satissed(see the proof of Proposition 5.3). ...
Context 7
... the surface contains the edge p 2 p 3 ](see Figure 5.1), then since a i 1110 (or a i 0111 ) is freely chosen, the smooth edge condition is easily satissed(see the proof of Proposition 5.3). Referring to Figure 5.1, we prove in the following that the patches constructed over V 1 and W 1 are single sheeted. ...
Context 8
... any face of T = p 1 ; p 2 ; p 3 ], if it is non-convex and if the three inner products of the face normal and its three adjacent face normals have diierent signs, then subdivide the double face tetrahedra into 6 subtetrahedra by adding a vertex at the center w of the face (a Clough-Tocher split). The coeecients are speciied as before by regarding w as p 1 (see Figure 5.1). ...

Similar publications

Article
Full-text available
Pseudo-Zernike moments have better feature representation capability, and are more robust to image noise than those of the conventional Zernike moments. However, due to the computation complexity of pseudo-Zernike polynomials, pseudo-Zernike moments are yet to be extensively used as feature descriptors as compared to Zernike moments. In this paper,...
Article
Full-text available
Scale invariants of Tchebichef moments are usually achieved by a linear combination of corresponding invariants of geometric moments or via an iterative algorithm to eliminate the scale factor. According to the properties of Tchebichef polynomials, we propose a new approach to construct scale invariants of Tchebichef moments. An algorithm based on...
Article
Full-text available
We propose a new set of moment invariants based on Krawtchouk polynomials for comparison of local patches in 2D images. Being computed from discrete functions, these moments do not carry the error due to discretization. Unlike many orthogonal moments, which usually capture global features, Krawtchouk moments can be used to compute local descriptors...
Article
Full-text available
The definition of pseudo-Zernike moments has a form of projection of the image intensity function onto the pseudo-Zernike polynomials, and they are defined using a polar coordinate representation of the image space. Hence, they are commonly used in recognition tasks requiring rotation invariance. However, this coordinate representation does not eas...

Citations

... Computer Aided Geometric Design focuses on the mathematical representation of complex surface geometries. There is a wide variety of side interpolating multisided free-form surfaces in the literature, including both parametric [4,11,7,17,18] and implicit [1,6,16] patches. They are popular in curvenet-based design, as a patchwork of smoothly connected complex N-sided patches can be automatically created from simple ribbon surfaces. ...
... Doing this on the whole space may lead to high-degree, poor-quality surfaces. A scheme similar to the current work, A-patches [1], prevents this by constraining each surface inside a tetrahedron. ...
Article
Free-form multi-sided surfaces are often defined by side interpolants (also called ribbons), requiring that the surface has to connect to them with a prescribed degree of smoothness. I-patches represent a family of implicit surfaces defined by an arbitrary number of ribbons. While in the case of parametric surfaces describing ribbons is a well-discussed problem, defining implicit ribbons is a different task. In this paper, we introduce a new representation, corner I-patches, where implicit corner interpolants are blended together. Corner interpolants are usually simpler, lower-degree surfaces than ribbons. The shape of the patch depends on a handful of scalar parameters; constraining them ensures continuity between adjacent patches. Corner I-patches have several favorable properties that can be exploited for design, volume rendering, or cell-based approximation of complex shapes.
... These allow us to create a model by connecting relatively lowdegree, high-quality single-patch surfaces composed of geometrically intelligible parts. In this sense, implicit modeling techniques are more relevant to this research, including the blending methods of Rockwood [16] and Warren [22], as well as A-patches [1] and functional splines [10,5], although these were not used for approximation per se. ...
Preprint
The I-patch is a multi-sided surface representation, defined as a combination of implicit ribbon and bounding surfaces, whose pairwise intersections determine the natural boundaries of the patch. Our goal is to show how a collection of smoothly connected I-patches can be used to approximate triangular meshes. We start from a coarse, user-defined vertex graph which specifies an initial subdivision of the surface. Based on this, we create ribbons that tightly fit the mesh along its edges in both positional and tangential sense, then we optimize the free parameters of the patch to better approximate the interior. If the surfaces are not sufficiently accurate, the network needs to be refined; here we exploit that the I-patch construction naturally supports T-nodes. We also describe a normalization method that nicely approximates the Euclidean distance field, and can be efficiently evaluated. The capabilities and limitations of the approach are analyzed through several examples.
... These allow us to create a model by connecting relatively lowdegree, high-quality single-patch surfaces composed of geometrically intelligible parts. In this sense, implicit modeling techniques are more relevant to this research, including the blending methods of Rockwood [16] and Warren [22], as well as A-patches [1] and functional splines [10,5], although these were not used for approximation per se. ...
Article
Full-text available
The I-patch is a multi-sided surface representation, defined as a combination of implicit ribbon and bounding surfaces, whose pairwise intersections determine the natural boundaries of the patch. Our goal is to show how a collection of smoothly connected I-patches can be used to approximate triangular meshes. We start from a coarse, user-defined vertex graph which specifies an initial subdivision of the surface. Based on this, we create ribbons that tightly fit the mesh along its edges in both positional and tangential sense, then we optimize the free parameters of the patch to better approximate the interior. If the surfaces are not sufficiently accurate, the network needs to be refined; here we exploit that the I-patch construction naturally supports T-nodes. We also describe a normalization method that nicely approximates the Euclidean distance field, and can be efficiently evaluated. The capabilities and limitations of the approach are analyzed through several examples.
... Algebraic splines and A-patches [28,29] are very similar, in that they are also defined in simplexes. In 3D, the generated patches are always 3-or 4-sided. ...
Article
Full-text available
I-patches represent a family of implicit multi-sided surfaces. Similarly to functional splines, each boundary curve of the patch is defined as the intersection of a primary and a bounding surface, both given in implicit form, and the patch can connect to the primaries with arbitrary geometric continuity. Following the publication of Várady et al. [1], this paper elaborates the basic formulation in more detail, and introduces several interesting features, including a distance-based surface interpretation, consistent orientation of the primaries, setting shape parameters, and handling various special cases. Implicit multi-sided patches are primarily used for connecting simple implicit surfaces, such as planes, cylinders, spheres etc., however, I-patches are also capable of modeling complex free-form shapes. We show constructions for producing setback vertex blends with conic boundaries and patchworks defined by control polyhedra. We discuss the benefits and limitations of the representation through several examples.
... In this book, we are not going to go into much detail on the geometry modeling of curves. For more informative journals and standard textbooks of the topic, the reader can find more detail and other aspects in geometric modeling in Bajaj et al. (1995), Bernstein (1912), Faux and Pratt (1981), Mortenson (1985), Hoffmann (1989) and Beach (1991), Lei and Wang (2009), Piegl and Tiller (1997, 2003, and Lorentz (1986). ...
... In this section, we learn a method so-called the Bézier curve. Our discussion of the Bézier curve is only the essential part that related to the parametric modeling; in more detail the reader should consult other references (Bajaj et al. 1995;Bézier 1972Bézier ,1986Chang and Wu 1981;Chou 1995;Farin 1993;Gordon and Riesenfeld 1974;Piegl and Tiller 2003;Hoschek and Lasser 1993;Rogers and Adams 1990;Yamaguchi 1988). ...
Chapter
In this chapter, the Isogeometric approach is applied to free curved beam element. The free curved beams considered in this section were modeled by the least element number which is necessary. The numerical solutions for the examples in static and free vibration problems are presented to show the effectiveness of the NURBS functions in modeling free curved beams.
... In this book, we are not going to go into much detail on the geometry modeling of curves. For more informative journals and standard textbooks of the topic, the reader can find more detail and other aspects in geometric modeling in Bajaj et al. (1995), Bernstein (1912), Faux and Pratt (1981), Mortenson (1985), Hoffmann (1989) and Beach (1991), Lei and Wang (2009), Piegl andTiller (1997, 2003), and Lorentz (1986). ...
... In this section, we learn a method so-called the Bézier curve. Our discussion of the Bézier curve is only the essential part that related to the parametric modeling; in more detail the reader should consult other references (Bajaj et al. 1995;Bézier 1972Bézier ,1986Chang and Wu 1981;Chou 1995;Farin 1993;Gordon and Riesenfeld 1974;Piegl and Tiller 2003;Hoschek and Lasser 1993;Rogers and Adams 1990;Yamaguchi 1988). ...
Article
Full-text available
The stress distribution along the weld toe (SCF test) and the fatigue life of tubular T-joints (Fatigue test) were experimentally investigated in this study. Three specimens with identical geometric properties were tested to failure under fatigue cyclic loading at the brace end. Prior to the loading tests procedure, SCF and Fatigue tests, two specimens went through one cycle of heating and cooling naturally. The SCF test results showed that the maximum Stress Concentration Factor (SCF) occurred at the chord saddle for all the specimens. The fatigue cracks were initiated at the chord saddles of the three tested specimens. The fatigue test results showed that the fatigue life was longer the higher the target maximum temperature was. The development of the crack aspect ratio with the normalised crack length was discussed among the specimens. Finally, the fatigue life results obtained from the experiment compared with those from CIDECT and API guidelines.
... In this sense, it is necessary to note an alternative type of patches whose formulation, instead of being parametric, is implicit. These patches, called algebraic patches [2], [45], possess a much reduced degree and their implicit mathematical formulation allows us to classify points regarding their surface in a trivial way. The algebraic patch shape can be controlled in a local way (contrary to traditional implicit surfaces), can be efficiently rendered in current GPUs ( [19], [35]), and can be efficiently combined through Boolean operations [3]. ...
... In this relation, the 3-patch is called the main patch and every 1-patch associated with it to fill the appropriate two-sided hole is called a secondary patch. In some cases (see [2]) and [46], for details) it is necessary to apply Clough-Tocher splitting in order to obtain conditions of smoothness between patches. In this case we consider the entire split as only one 3-patch. ...
... The fundamental requirement that an algebraic patch must fulfils in order to be useful as a free-form element of an ffc is to be single-sheeted and without singularities inside its defining tetrahedron. These are just the goals of methods like those described in [2] and [45], and therefore we can ensure that the patch splits its tetrahedron into two halfspaces with opposite signs with regard to the implicit equation Every ffc has an associated sign of value 1 or -1. The following definitions establish how to calculate this sign for free-form cells 3ffc and 1ffc. ...
Article
Full-text available
Abstract Formal models can be useful in computer graphics as a conceptual framework supporting representation systems. This allows to formally derive properties and algorithms and proof their correctness and validity. This paper describes a formal model based on a geometric algebra. This algebra has been used to obtain specific representation systems and study their equivalence. The representation systems derived in a natural way from this model are based on simplicial coverings and can be applied to non-manifold solids and to solids with holes. Representations have been developed for polyhedral and free-form solids. Algorithms described and proved include boolean operations and representation conversion. The paper covers the three abstraction levels: theoretical model, representations and derived algorithms. As a practical application an experimental modeller for free-form solid has been developed (ESC-MOD system: “Extended Simplicial Chains MOdeller”).
... NURBS basis are useful for analysis purposes because they possess useful mathematical property of refinement through knot insertion and variational diminishing property of convex hull. There are other computational geometry technologies that can be utilized as the basis for Isogeometric analysis such as sub-division surface by Peters and Reif [5] and Warren and Weimer [6] Gordon patches [7], Gregory patch [8], S-patch [9] and A patch [10], etc. Hughes et al. [11] introduced the idea of Isogeometric analysis using NURBS (non-uniform rational B-spline). They used NURBS to exactly represent the CAD geometry and then, constructed a coarse mesh for the analysis. ...
... However, despite the problem of space requirements, the grid-based methods also have a problem of inflexibility-they are mostly useful to store models, rather than to modify them. Another approximation method proposed in [10] uses trivariate polynomials over convex hulls, which encloses the shape surface into a set of convex hulls and performs interpolation inside each of them separately. ...
Article
When procedural models based on implicit functions are used for defining complex shapes, the final model may become slow for rendering. We propose an algorithm for accelerating such rendering for free-form shape modeling where some initial shape is gradually modified by other implicitly-defined shapes with relatively smaller sizes compared to the final shape. The algorithm then adds additional functions to the final function script, which makes the rendering of the whole shape faster. The resulting accelerated function scripts can be then rendered on any suitable rendering platform that we illustrate by using function-based extension of VRML/X3D and POV-Ray.
... However, despite the problem of space requirements, the grid-based methods also have a problem of inflexibility-they are mostly useful to store models, rather than to modify them. Another approximation method proposed in [9] uses trivariate polynomials over convex hulls, which enclose the shape surface into a set of convex hulls and perform interpolation inside each of them separately. ...
Conference Paper
We propose a new educational web-enabled 3D shape modeling framework that does not restrict to a list of predefined primitive geometric objects and allows the user to interactively create objects by incremental modifications of the basic shape with the tool shapes that are defined by analytical functions. The shape definition is eventually a function script which can be rendered on any suitable graphics system. The function script includes accelerating structures that significantly improve the shape rendering performance allowing us to sustain interactivity with large number of interactive operations applied.