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Childhood obesity rates have dramatically risen in numerous countries worldwide. Obesity is likely a factor in increased asthma risk, which is already one of the most widespread chronic respiratory pathologies. The pathogenic mechanism of asthma risk has still not yet been fully elucidated. Moreover, the role of obesity-related inflammation and pul...
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Citations
... Regarding its probiotic function, K56 was reported to increase the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Patescibacteria in the gut of obese mice [18] . In addition, studies have shown that obesity is likely a factor in increased asthma risk, and personalized dietary intervention may improve respiratory symptoms and signs and therapeutic response [19] . Therefore, we explored the possibility of K56 as an edible probiotic that exerts preventive and therapeutic effects on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthmatic mice via the gut-lung axis. ...
... Recently, an unbalanced diet or supplementation were identified as ways to ameliorate respiratory symptoms, signs, and therapeutic response ins asthmatic patients in relation to PO. However, weight loss or reduction in asthmatic children with excess weight is an essential target [57]. It is known that COVID-19 infection impacts the small airways in asthmatic children, but it is still debated whether chronic asthma in childhood may be a risk factor for severe COVID-19 infection. ...
In the developed world, pediatric obesity (PO) has been a major health concern since the last century, and this condition may lead to detrimental life-long physical and mental comorbidities. Currently, its prevalence has increased in low- and middle-income countries and in many high-income countries. Thus, the provision of effective and tailored care for children and their families has become vital. The social consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic are known everywhere, and among these, it has been argued that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on PO. Overall, the growth of PO over the last decade has been enhanced by the pandemic. During the COVID-19 pandemic, children, adolescents and young adults gained weight as the pediatric population dealt with sedentary lifestyles and changes in food habits. In this review, we want to highlight the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic had on PO.
... Although asthma may present at any age, it disproportionately affects children in a critical stage of growth and development. 4 Existing research has confirmed the theory of the fetal origin of asthma; that is, the intrauterine environment affects the growth and development of the fetus and modulates susceptibility to asthma. Many studies have investigated the ...
Objective
To assess the association between birth weight and childhood asthma risk using data from the 2019–2020 National Survey of Children’s Health database.
Design
Cross-sectional study.
Setting
The USA.
Patients
A representative cohort of American children.
Exposure
The exposure of this study was birth weight regardless of gestational age. Birth weight was divided into three groups: <1500 g, 1500–2500 g and >2500 g.
Main outcome measures
Primary outcomes were parent-reported diagnosis of asthma.
Method
The Rao-Scott χ ² test was used to compare the groups. The main analyses examined the association between birth weight and parent-report asthma in children using univariable and multivariable logistic models adjusting for preterm birth, age, sex, race, family poverty, health insurance, smoking, maternal age. Subgroup analysis was performed based on interaction test.
Results
A total of 60 172 children aged 3–17 years were enrolled in this study; of these, 5202 (~8.6%) had asthma. Children with asthma were more likely to be born preterm, with low birth weight (LBW) or very LBW (VLBW). The incidence of asthma was the highest in VLBW children at 20.9% and showed a downward trend with an increase in birth weight class, with rates of 10.7% and 8.1% in the LBW and normal birthweight groups, respectively. Children with VLBW (OR 1.97; 95% CI 1.29 to 3.01) had higher odds of developing asthma in the adjusted analysis model. However, VLBW was only shown to be a risk factor for asthma among Hispanics, black/African-Americans and children between the ages of 6 and 12 years, demonstrating racial and age disparities.
Conclusions
VLBW increases the risk of childhood asthma; however, racial and age disparities are evident.
... Additionally, medications that target cholesterol like statins have demonstrated effectiveness in the management of some respiratory conditions, including asthma [31] . Moreover, a study has shown that weight loss interventions reduced asthma exacerbations and improved the quality of life of patients [32] . ...
... Η διατροφή είναι σημαντικός υποστηρικτικός παράγοντας στην πρόληψη και τη διαχείριση του άσθματος. Τόσο η προγεννητική όσο και η μεταγεννητική διατροφή μπορούν να επηρεάσουν το ανοσοποιητικό σύστημα σε ένα κρίσιμο στάδιο της ανάπτυξής του και να αποτρέψουν αλλεργικές ασθένειες (Calcaterra et al., 2021). ...
... Asthma is a heterogeneous, chronic inflammatory disease of the airways with multiple phenotypes [6,7]. Obesity-related asthma is often described on the basis of paediatric patients, because it particularly affects this group of patients [8,9]. Obesity and related hypovitaminosis D (HVD), obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and gastro-oesophageal reflux (GER) contribute to its development [10][11][12]. ...
Obesity is a global problem. It affects every age group and is associated with many negative health effects. As an example, there is a relationship between obesity and allergic and immunological diseases, such as asthma, psoriasis, food allergies, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. Obesity undeniably affects their development. In addition, it causes adverse changes in the course and response to therapy in relation to patients without excessive body weight. The treatment of diseases associated with obesity is difficult; drugs are less effective and must be used in higher doses, and their use in patients with obesity is often associated with higher risks. The main form of treatment of all obesity-related diseases is a change in eating habits and increased physical activity, which leads to a decrease in body fat mass. The positive effect of reducing BMI has been confirmed in many independent studies. This paper reviews various types of research documents published since 2019. It aims to systematize the latest knowledge and highlight the need for further research for effective and sustainable treatment options for obesity, its complications and obesity-related diseases.
... Several studies mentioned that obesity increases the number of neutrophils instead of eosinophils in the sputum of these patients. These factors affect the respiratory system and can induce airway hypersensitivity, bronchospasm, and mucus secretion, leading to asthma attacks, especially when superimposed on underlying inflammatory factors in asthmatic patients (2,(29)(30)(31)(32)(33). ...
Background: Obesity is a major concern that increases children's asthma risk. Obese asthmatic patients have more severe symptoms and attacks and less responsiveness to medication. Objectives: We aimed to investigate whether obese children have more asthma attacks, severe exacerbations, and respiratory distress. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 149 children diagnosed with asthma attacks at Taleghani Children's Hospital in Gorgan, Iran, in 2018 - 2019. The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the severity of asthma attacks in pediatric patients was investigated in 2020. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS-18 software. Fisher's exact test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data. Results: The mean age of the patients was 8.8 ± 2.76 years; 60.4% were boys, and 39.6% were girls. According to the BMI-age chart, 1.3% of the patients were underweight, 70.5% were in the normal range, 21.5% were overweight, and 6.7% were obese. Patients with higher BMI had more severe asthma attacks (P-value = 0.029) and respiratory distress (P-value = 0.015). In the pulmonary function testing, Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second (FEV1) were significantly lower in obese children. In addition, pCO2 and HCO3 were higher in overweight patients (P-value = 0.01 and 0.041, respectively). Conclusions: Patients with higher BMI had more severe attacks, exacerbations, and respiratory distress. Also, FVC and FEV1 were significantly lower in obese children. Obesity and asthma have many common pathophysiological mechanisms, and obesity increases the severity of asthma attacks and makes treatment challenging. Different mechanisms are involved in obese patients with asthma, including airway hyperreactivity, inflammation, and airway remodeling. Although the exact relationship between asthma attacks and obesity is still unclear, its understanding could lead to more therapeutic options.
... 08 independently associated with a 15-30% increase in the risk of asthma in the progeny although this risk is also governed by inflammatory mechanisms and pre-/post-natal changes (Dixon and Que, 2022). The role of obesity-associated inflammatory response which can ultimately lead to asthma, and the contributory role diet plays in this relationship has been validated (Calcaterra et al., 2021). In obese patients with asthma, food components such as sugar, fat, and inferiorquality nutrients have been associated with the inflammatory response (Calcaterra et al., 2021). ...
... The role of obesity-associated inflammatory response which can ultimately lead to asthma, and the contributory role diet plays in this relationship has been validated (Calcaterra et al., 2021). In obese patients with asthma, food components such as sugar, fat, and inferiorquality nutrients have been associated with the inflammatory response (Calcaterra et al., 2021). The US Department of Agriculture has identified four zip codes within the city of Memphis as being food deserts, where families do not have access to grocery stores (Economic Research Service, 2022). ...
Exogenous factors that influence the microbiome and asthma pathogenesis. External factors including a well-balanced diet and clean air support a healthy gut microbiome that releases metabolites and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) that promote a healthy pulmonary immune system that remains non-inflammatory thereby protecting against the development of asthma or asthma exacerbations (left panel). An unhealthy diet, dirty air, and some pharmaceutical agents on the other hand can induce dysbiosis in the gut and lung microbial communities through induction of co-morbid states like obesity and aberrant immune activation. Additional confounders including modes of delivery and feeding, use of antibiotics during pregnancy and childhood also have an impact on the airway microbial homeostasis and asthma onset and pathogenesis (right panel). Figure prepared on BioRender.
... In Europe, the prevalence is 25-70% overweight and 5-30% obese. To date, researchers have debated whether asthma is the cause of obesity or vice versa, but some findings also show the role of childhood asthma in the onset of obesity (see Figure 6) [18,19]. Figure 6: Mechanism of association between asthma and obesity: Frequent intake of high-fat foods directly induces systemic inflammation [18] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), asthma has affected about 6.5 million children, accounting for about 9% in the United States and about 334,000,000 people worldwide in 2016. ...
Following the way genetics think, the traits and characteristics of all organisms of the previous generation are passed on to the next generation through genes. However, in recent decades, with strong scientific and technical development, researchers have discovered a prominent genetic "abnormality" in the genes of liver and nerve cells. They are not inherited "strictly" like other genomes with mutations depending on the environment, food, or lifestyle. From there, a new concept of genetics in science emerges, epigenetics. Specifically, DNA methylation and histone protein modification make genes active or inactivated, influencing traits including health and disease, including the mechanism of cancer formation. This paper aims to describe the concept, give typical examples, systematize some achievements and introduce some expectations for future contributions of epigenetics.
... In addition, Roberts et al. reported asthma attacks after inhalation exposure to food [38]. Other dietary factors may also influence asthma, such as a high-fat diet, low whole-grain consumption, low fiber intake, and saturated-unsaturated fat imbalance [39][40][41][42][43]. More data are needed to clarify this link. ...
Abstract: Introduction: The progression of allergy disorders is termed “atopic march.” Having one allergic disorder increases the likelihood of acquiring others. Asthma and food allergies often coexist. There are no thresholds for specific IgE (sIgE) associated with the presence of clinical symptoms. Each allergen shows a particular trend with age. Objective: Our study and analysis aim to identify food sensitization in children with asthma and evaluate its impact on asthma attacks and clinical control. Material and methods: As a part of a bigger study, 56 children (mean age 11.07 years (5.3–17.5), 38 boys, and 18 girls) with bronchial asthma were tested for total IgE and sIgE against food and inhalator allergens. All children performed baseline and post-BD spirometry and were assessed for asthma control. Results: In the studied population of children, sIgE against several food allergens was positive in the same patient. A significant correlation was found between the positive sIgE for milk and soy (p < 0.0001), for milk and egg yolk (p = 0.01), compared to milk and peanuts (p = 0.004), compared to egg yolk and fish (p < 0.0001), compared to egg yolk and casein (p < 0.001), and soy (p < 0.0001). The children who are positive for sIgE antibodies in cats, dogs, Cladosporium, Aspergillus, wormwood from aeroallergens and soy from food allergens have a higher risk of hospitalization for exacerbation of bronchial asthma. (p < 0.05). In the studied population, sensitization to food allergens among asthmatics does not contribute to the number of asthma attacks. Conclusions: Food sensitivity is associated with eczema, while mite sensitization is strongly associated with rhinitis and asthma. Food sensitization is not a risk factor for asthma exacerbation in children older than five years old.
