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Adelges (Sacciphantes) abietis (Linnaeus, 1758), galls on Picea abies. A-D. Galls from different sites showing variation in colouration. A. From a semi-open site. B. In semi-shade. C-D. In deep shade. E-F. Newly opened galls with exuviae and alate gallicolae around. G-H. Galls from previous summer. Note the colony of Cinara pilicornis (Hartig, 1841) on the stem in A. Scale bars: 10 mm.
Source publication
Keys and diagnoses of North European aphids (Hemiptera, Aphidoidea) feeding on conifers are given, including species from nearby areas of Central and Western Europe, based on live and freeze-dried material. Externally visible informative characters, such as body shape, colours, wax coating, and pigmentation pattern are utilized, in addition to char...
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The article describes the changes in local entomofauna in the Sochi region. Monitoring for several decades provides information about the spreading and density of invasive species established a long time ago and causing massive damage to agricultural plants during regular outbreaks. This group of species, which includes the Boisduval scale Diaspis...
Citations
... Likewise, the increased planting of Douglas fir as a substitute for Norway spruce could trigger a more rapid spread and colonization of Douglas fir stands by this bark aphid in Austria. This also raises the question of whether the sen Bestimmungsschlüsseln für Blattläuse (Taylor 1984, Heie 1995, Albrecht 2017, Havelka et al. 2020 Die molekularbiologische Bestimmung unbekannter Individuen (Nymphen, geflügelte Weibchen) auf Artniveau wurde durch Sequenzanalyse des Barcoding-Genabschnitts der Cytochrom-c-Oxidase, Untereinheit 1, nach Hajibabaei et al. (2006) durchgeführt. Die DNA aus Ganzkörperhomogenaten wurde mit dem QIAquick PCR Purification Kit (Qiagen) aufgereinigt und in 70 µl Puffer eluiert. ...
As part of a master’s thesis on the occurrence of honeydew producers on Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), a lachnid species previously unknown in Austria was found in summer 2022. On the basis of morphological and molecular investigations the juvenile and adult specimens could unequivocally be identified as the conifer aphid Cinara splendens (Homoptera: Lachnidae) originating from North America. This originally nearctic species was first collected in southern Bohemia in 2009 from a Douglas fir in a park and has spread slowly within the Czech Republic in the past decade. The reason for this is probably the relatively small number of alate viviparous females within a colony, so that the population densities are not as high as those of other conifer aphids. Thus, hardly any negative effects of C. splendens on Douglas firs are to be expected. How ever, it cannot be ruled out that certain climatic conditions such as a warm spring combined with longer dry periods have a beneficial effect on the aphid’s population dynamics. Likewise, the increased planting of Douglas fir as a substitute for Norway spruce could trigger a more rapid spread and colonization of Douglas fir stands by this bark aphid in Austria. This also raises the question of whether the honeydew of C. splendens is collected by bees and plays a role in honey production.
... Insects were identified to the species level using a magnifying glass, keys and illustrated catalogues [41][42][43][44][45][46][47] in the Laboratory of Applied Zoology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, where voucher specimens were deposited. In order to consider recent developments in the taxonomy of we consulted recent reports and illustrated catalogues. ...
Cowpea plants are damaged by insects in North-Cameroon. During ecological survey (2021 and 2022) in 44 plots of 4x3.5 m each, insects were captured on stems, leaves, flowers and pods, stored in vials containing 70° alcohol, identified in laboratory and the community structure was characterized. We captured 26,015 adults belonging to six orders, 13 families, 19 genera and 19 species. Coleoptera, Hemiptera and Hymenoptera were species-rich orders [five species each (26.3%)]. Hemiptera was mostly abundant (40.0%) followed by Coleoptera (27.6%), Hymenoptera (21.9%), Lepidoptera (0.9%). Heteroptera and Orthoptera were least abundant (0.8% respectively). We recorded five (26.3%) useful species [the West African predator species Cheilomenes sulphurea (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), and four (21.1%) afrotropical Apidae species [Apis mellifera adamsonni, Amegilla calens, Amegilla sp. and Xylocopa olivacea]], seven (36.8%) phytophagous species [the indomalayan native Aulacophora indica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Nearctic native Danaus plexippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), Palaearctic native Dolerus sp. (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), afrotropical native Hypolimnas misippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), afrotropical native Monolepta marginella (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Palaearctic native Phyllotreta cruciferae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and the Eurasian native Tettigonia viridissima (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)]. We recorded seven (36.8%) sap-feeding species [the afrotropical native Anoplocnemis curvipes (Hemiptera: Coreidae), cosmopolitan Palaearctic native Aphis crassivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae), old world native Bothrogonia sp. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), subtropical native Dysdercus cingulata (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae), western Palaearctic native Lagria hirta (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), North American native Poecilocapsus sp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) and the Palaearctic native Riptortus dentipes (Heteroptera: Alydidae)]. Giving up eight (42.1%) native species, 11 (57.9%) non-native species and 14 (73.7%) pest species [three natives species (15.8%) and 11 non-natives species (57.9%)]. The abundant species were M. marginella (39.9%), Poecilocapsus sp. (14.4%), Au. indica (11.4%), Ph. cruciferae (10.4%), C. sulphurea (4.6%), H. misippus (3.7%), L. hirta (3.4%), Ah. crassivora (2.4%) while 11 species (57.9%) were rare (<2.2% each). Insects associated with cowpea consisted mostly of non-native species and the situation calls for more research on the bio-ecology of recorded pests. Cowpea plants' insect assemblage mostly presented in 39 Moukhtar Mohammadou et al.: Diversity and Abundance of Pest Insects Associated with Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., 1843 (Fabales: Fabaceae) in Bockle and Dang Localities (North-Cameroon) Bockle and Dang, a fairly significant regeneration force (Zipf and Zipf-Mandelbrot functioning models) and all conditions combine to soar. Due to the numerical and behavioural dominance of non-native insects, a significant number of resources are potentially exploitable. In due course, once the invaders would monopolize available resources and saturate the localities, they would not allow native species the niche opportunities to re-establish themselves. The consequences of loosing native species, which may well interact with the endemic flora and fauna, will be of extreme concern.
... Plants were identified in situ or photographed and a sample of leaves, bark, flowers and fruits allowed identification in the laboratory. Insects were identified to the species level using a magnifying glass, keys and illustrated catalogues [25][26][27][28][29][30][31] in the Laboratory of Applied Zoology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, where voucher specimens were deposited. In order to consider recent developments in the taxonomy of we consulted recent reports. ...
... Non-native species damage cultivated plants not only in the native range but also in areas of introduction. This is the case of polyphagous aphids in America, Europe and India where they are vectors of plant viruses [6,7,26,40]. Transfer of aphids from neighbouring fallows may be the work of ants as it is the case in citrus orchards in Cameroon [48]. ...
... Exotic species would present harmful activity in cowpea fields and the low occurrence of native species could be the result of the regulation effect by natural enemies, or a negative force of introduced species. Inappropriate use of synthetic pesticides has resulted in unwanted effects including environmental pollution, nontarget effect, human health hazards and the development of resistance to almost all insecticides [6,7,26,40]. A similar situation would arise in North-Cameroon if the phytosanitary authorities do not take adequate measures to educate gardeners. ...
Aims: Because of the problems in agroecosystems following the anarchic use of synthetic insecticides, studies propose an alternative, the use of botanical biopesticides against pests. Study Design: The present study was conducted to evaluate (1) the potential of leaf extract of Calotropis procera (Gentianales: Apocynaceae), Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) and Tithonia diversifolia (Asterales: Asteraceae) against insects and (2) impact of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) on Vigna unguiculata (Fabales: Fabaceae) seed yield in North Cameroon. Place and Duration of Study: A field study was set up in 2021 in North Cameroon, during the rainy season. Fourthy four plots of 4x3.5 m each were distributed according to a randomized complete block design model comprising four untreated, four treated using parastar (40EC 535/10/IN, 20 g/l imidaclopride and 20 g/l lamda-cyhalothrine), and 36 plots treated using 10%, 20% and 30% aqueous leaf extracts separately sprayed against Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Methodology: Four groups of flowers were randomly selected: (1) free, (2) protected from insects, (3) free exclusively to Ap. mellifera and (4) protected against insects. Results: A total of 10,984 captured flower insects belonged to three orders (Hemiptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera), three families (Aphididae, Apidae and Nymphalidae) and seven species [one (14.3%) sap-sucking Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae), four (57.1%) pollinators Hymenoptera Apidae [Amegilla calens, Amegilla sp., Apis mellifera and Xylocopa olivacea] and two (28.6%) Lepidoptera Nymphalidae [Danaus plexippus and Hypolimnas misippus]. A total of 7,425 insects associated with V. unguiculara corresponded to four orders [Hemiptera (56.7%), Coleoptera (41.5%), Heteroptera and Orthoptera with 0.9% respectively], nine families [Aphididae (45.3%), Chrysomelidae (38.7%), Pyrrhocoridae (4.8%), Coreidae (3.8%), Cicadellidae (2.8%), Coccinellidae (1.9%), Alydidae, Tenebrionidae and Tettigoniidae with 0.9% respectively], 11 genera and 11 species. Conclusion: Apis mellifera was the major pollinator and Aphis crassivora the major pest. The seed yield was improved by 30% extract of plants without impact on pollinators.
... Morphological identification of infested needles and larvae was performed according to the key of (Condrashoff 1961b) using a stereomicroscope SteREO Discovery V8 (Zeiss, Göttingen, Germany). Co-occurrence of A. cooleyi was determined based on presence of insects (Albrecht 2017) and/or feeding symptoms on needles (chlorotic flecking and needle kinking) (Parry 1978). ...
... (i) P. contorta stands will have lower densities of mounds, lower mound volume and lower catches of workers of Formica rufa group ants (ii) few aphids in north-European boreal forests are recorded on the introduced P. contorta Albrecht, 2017) and therefore the activity of tending ants as measured by the number of ant individuals walking up and down trees will be lower in P. contorta stands compared with ants in stands of the domestic P. sylvestris (iii) the effects of wood ants on other ant species and on ant species richness will differ between P. contorta and P sylvestris. Due to competitive hierarchies in the ant assemblages, we expect the densities of submissive and encounter ant species as well as ant species richness to be lower in stands with higher wood ant densities. ...
Increased demand on forests to produce renewable biomass have accelerated the use of non-native tree species in forestry worldwide, often with negative effects on native biodiversity. In Sweden, the North American lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas ex. Loudon var. latifolia) was introduced already in the 1970’s. Even though the species now covers large areas, effects on native flora and fauna have not been thoroughly evaluated. In this study, we used a large-scale field experiment with 30 paired P. contorta and P. sylvestris stands in central and northern Sweden to study the effects of P. contorta plantation on the abundance and activity of red wood ants of the Formica rufa-group, density and species richness of other ant species, as well as possible effects on the abundance of the specialized ant predator Pella humeralis. We collected epigaeic insects with pit fall traps, surveyed wood ant mound density and volume, and monitored ant activity on trees in all stands. Our analyses revealed a trend with higher mound density in P. sylvestris compared with P. contorta stands, although wood ant worker catch did not differ between the pine species. However, red wood ant activity was significantly higher in P. sylvestris stands, suggesting that P. contorta is not a preferred tree species for the tending of aphids for honeydew. Total ant species richness as well as the catch of Camponotus herculeanus and Myrmica ruginodis were higher in P. sylvestris stands, suggesting that they constitute a more favorable habitat for ants. Ant species richness was negatively influenced by wood ants in P. sylvestris stands only. A similar pattern was shown for C. herculeanus. Myrmica ruginodis was more abundant in P. sylvestris stands only if no thinning had been applied. Wood ant catch was positively correlated with catch of the specialized predatory rove beetle Pella humeralis showing that there is a strong interaction between the predatory beetle and wood ants.
Our results suggest that P. contorta plantations impact both red wood ants and associated species and although competition from wood ants is more pronounced in P. sylvestris stands they still constitute a more favorable habitat for most ant species. Thus, large scale plantation of the non-native but closely related P. contorta may negatively impact epigaeic assemblages, a pattern that is not compensated by released competition by dominant red wood ants.
... (i) P. contorta stands will have lower densities of mounds, lower mound volume and lower catches of workers of Formica rufa group ants (ii) few aphids in north-European boreal forests are recorded on the introduced P. contorta Albrecht, 2017) and therefore the activity of tending ants as measured by the number of ant individuals walking up and down trees will be lower in P. contorta stands compared with ants in stands of the domestic P. sylvestris (iii) the effects of wood ants on other ant species and on ant species richness will differ between P. contorta and P sylvestris. Due to competitive hierarchies in the ant assemblages, we expect the densities of submissive and encounter ant species as well as ant species richness to be lower in stands with higher wood ant densities. ...
... Collected insects were first identified to the family level using identification keys adapted to insects from tropical zones [12,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47]. Specimens were identified to the species level by referring to descriptions and figures available in appropriate keys for Coleoptera [47,[48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55], key for Diptera [56], keys for Hemiptera [43,[57][58][59], keys for Lepidoptera [45,46,60,61], keys for Coreidae [62] and keys for Orthoptera [63][64][65][66]. Identification of species was confirmed by referring to illustrated catalogs and check lists [44,55]. ...
... Specimens were identified to the species level using appropriate keys [25][26][27][28][29][30][31] and confirmed by referring to illustrated catalogues and check lists [32][33][34]. In order to consider recent developments in the taxonomy of identified species and their native range, we consulted available reports . ...
... All this explains long lasting research efforts concerning Adelgidae species (Annand, 1928;Foottit et al., 2009;Toenshoff et al., 2012a;2012b;Sano and Ozaki, 2012;Havill et al., 2006;. Nonetheless, the diversity of life cycle modes and uncertainty of morphological diagnoses of species caused controversy in taxonomy of Adelgidae (Steffan, 1968;Mantovani et al., 2001;Favret et al., 2015, Albrecht, 2017Blackman and Eastop, 2020). Bacterial DNA sequences appeared a promising tool to clarify the phylogeny in aphid family Aphididae (Clark et al., 2000;Martinez-Torres et al., 2001;Jousselin et al., 2009;Liu et al., 2013;Nováková et al., 2013). ...
... Bacterial communities of oviparous aphid family Adelgidae are less studied when compared with those of Aphididae aphids despite rather long period of studies (see broader review by von Dohlen et al., 2017). Nonetheless, some data on the taxonomy, structural details, functional peculiarities and possible adaptive meaning of bacterial endosymbionts of adelgids are already available (Toenshoff et al., 2012a;2012b;Michalik et al., 2013;von Dohlen et al., 2013;2017). Bacteriome of Adelgidae aphid species is unique in having two different obligate (primary) endosymbionts differing in major adelgid lineages, thus presenting an unusual case of multiple replacements of both the senior symbiont and the more recent junior symbionts (Toenshoff et al., 2012b;von Dohlen et al., 2017). ...
... All specimens, studied with various methods, originated from the same colony to ensure they are conspecific. For purpose of comparison with permanently oviparous representatives of Aphidomorpha i. e. Adelgidae, samples of alate females of Adelges tardus (collected from Picea abies, J. Danilov det., following Binazzi, 2000, Albrecht, 2017, supported by barcoded data in Havelka et al., 2019) were also applied. Species of Stomaphis were identified using keys and data by Depa et al. (2012), Depa and Mróz (2013) and Sorin (2012). ...
Stomaphis Walker is an obligatorily myrmecophilous, tree-trunk feeding aphid genus, having many peculiar features in its morphology. One poorly studied trait is its perianal anatomy, with suspected existence of trophobiotic organ and intriguing tubercles near abdominal segment VIII. Tubercles on rear end of abdomen in Stomaphis were considered to be marginal tubercles, structure typical of aphids. Only after their investigation under scanning electron microscope they revealed to possess a very rough surface, consisting of many protuberant, sclerotic scales with finger-like processes. Analysis and comparison with other aphids suggests, that these structures – perianal tubercles – may be considered remnants of abdominal sternite IX, atrophied in aphids. Due to their similarity to the surface of cauda of non myrmecophilous aphids, they are suspected to serve as sort of auxiliary caudas, protecting from sticky secretions of aphids e. g. honeydew or mucus while giving birth or ovipositing in confined space. A very well developed trophobiotic organ in this genus has been shown to exist for the first time.
