Figure 6 - uploaded by Kevin Mcgurgan
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Adapted version of the plain graphs used by Bateman et al. (2010), which did not resemble Tufte's recommended high data-ink ratio bar graph design.
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Human processing of graphical information is a topic which has wide-reaching implications for decision-making in a variety of contexts. A deeper understanding of the processes of graphical perception can lead to the development of design guidelines which can enhance performance in graphical perception tasks. This study evaluates the data-ink ratio...
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... findings have suggested that accuracy in recalling descriptive elements of visually embellished graphs is no worse than for plain graphs, both immediately after viewing and after a two to three week delay. have a higher data-ink ratio than Holmes-style graphs, they do not closely resemble the examples that Tufte (2001) himself created; the high data-ink ratio graphs used in the study are in fact closer to Tufte's starting point than his suggested re-designs ( Figure 6). ...
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Citations
... This discussion focuses on the UI and the HCI principles that were integral to the design of Therapy Tracker's UI. As shown in Fig. 15, short term sensory store (i.e., short-term memory ( STM)) pass through the perceptual processor, such as eyes and ears [32]. Even though these STMs have rapid access capabilities of 2 SUS negative rated items: Item I2: "I found the system unnecessarily complex" Item I4: "I think that I would need the support of a technical person to be able to use this system", Item I6: "I thought there was too much inconsistency in this system" Item I8 "I found the system very cumbersome to use" Item I10: "I needed to learn a lot of things before I could get going with this system." ...
... Even though these STMs have rapid access capabilities of 2 SUS negative rated items: Item I2: "I found the system unnecessarily complex" Item I4: "I think that I would need the support of a technical person to be able to use this system", Item I6: "I thought there was too much inconsistency in this system" Item I8 "I found the system very cumbersome to use" Item I10: "I needed to learn a lot of things before I could get going with this system." approximately 70ms, they also have rapid decay of around 200ms, and a capacity limited to 7 plus minus 2 items at one time [32]. The downside of the STM, in concrete terms, is when it comes to developing a mobile therapy application. ...
... The downside of the STM, in concrete terms, is when it comes to developing a mobile therapy application. If the user is presented with too many options on the screen at a given time, it would overload the short-term memory, and eventually result in frustration [32]. On the other hand, as shown in Fig. 15, it takes a longer path to reach longterm memories (LTM), which results in slow access of approximately 0.1 second, slow decay and huge capacity [32]. ...
In this research a prototype of a virtual assistant mobile application, called Therapy Tracker is introduced. The application detects and captures prescription information and provides automated assistance in scheduling, reminding and tracking medications by keeping a list of medications, dosages, refill information, and prescription documentation. Despite the rapid growth and recent successes, creating such auto-assistant systems remains a challenging task. Augmented Reality technologies are used in our app to provide virtual information that combines real world situations, such as detecting and highlighting the correct medication from a group. The virtual assistant also guides the user through both visual and auditory alerts. In this paper we present Therapy Tracker, the interface design, architectural framework we designed and developed to support the system, and the results of a usability study conducted from real field studies. Our system was tested with 30 participants and achieved a mean SUS usability score of 84.5% (high).
... This discussion focuses on the UI and the HCI principles that were integral to the design of Therapy Tracker's UI. As shown in Fig. 15, short term sensory store (i.e., short-term memory ( STM)) pass through the perceptual processor, such as eyes and ears [32]. Even though these STMs have rapid access capabilities of approximately 70ms, they also have rapid decay of around 200ms, and a capacity limited to 7 plus minus 2 items at one time [32]. ...
... As shown in Fig. 15, short term sensory store (i.e., short-term memory ( STM)) pass through the perceptual processor, such as eyes and ears [32]. Even though these STMs have rapid access capabilities of approximately 70ms, they also have rapid decay of around 200ms, and a capacity limited to 7 plus minus 2 items at one time [32]. The downside of the STM, in concrete terms, is when it comes to developing a mobile therapy application. ...
... The downside of the STM, in concrete terms, is when it comes to developing a mobile therapy application. If the user is presented with too many options on the screen at a given time, it would overload the short-term memory, and eventually result in frustration [32]. ...
In this research a prototype of a virtual assistant mobile application, called Therapy Tracker is introduced. The application detects and captures prescription information and provides automated assistance in scheduling, reminding and tracking medications by keeping a list of medications, dosages, refill information, and prescription documentation. Despite the rapid growth and recent successes, creating such auto-assistant systems remains a challenging task. Augmented Reality technologies are used in our app to provide virtual information that combines real world situations, such as detecting and highlighting the correct medication from a group. The virtual assistant also guides the user through both visual and auditory alerts. In this paper we present Therapy Tracker, the interface design, architectural framework we designed and developed to support the system, and the results of a usability study conducted from real field studies. Our system was tested with 30 participants and achieved a mean SUS usability score of 84.5% (high).
... As performance measures, we will use accuracy, defined as the amount of correct answers, as well as speed, defined as the response times for each correct answer. These measures have been used to operationalize subjects' performance in many similar experiments (Chen, 2006;Hullman et al., 2011;Hundhausen, 2014;Kosara & Mackinlay, 2013;Lam, Bertini, Isenberg, Plaisant, & Carpendale, 2012;McGurgan, 2015;North, 2006;Plaisant, 2004) and explicitly incorporate a subject's response time which is a crucial component in cognitive ability testing (Kyllonen & Zu, 2016) and in decision making processes (Dull & Tegarden, 1999). In our controlled experiment, we use these performance measures in order to examine the following hypotheses: Accuracy: ...
Organizations are increasingly flooded with large amounts of data on which they base their business decisions. It is thus crucial to visualize relevant data efficiently so that employees are able to extract relevant information most accurately and quickly. However, at present, information visualization research lacks a coherent and evidence based theoretical framework providing clear guidelines on how to design efficient visualizations. When it comes to the use of redundant elements in charts like commonly used data labels, cognitive fit theory and cognitive load theory make different predictions. Whereas the latter assumes that redundant labels generally reduce visualizations’ efficiency due to increased cognitive load, cognitive fit theory predicts increased efficiency for some task types that shall be solved by means of the visualization.
In the online experiment presented in this paper, we investigated the effect of data labels in line and bar charts on users’ accuracy and speed in solving chart-related business tasks dependent on different task types. Our results reveal that users perceive charts with redundant labels as significantly more efficient and answer related questions significantly more accurate and faster, which we explain by the help of cognitive fit theory. We provide valuable insights into cognitive processing of charts and encourage graph designers to consider redundant elements as a possible means to increase efficiency under particular circumstances.
Full text: https://authors.elsevier.com/a/1X1~y2f~UW4lGy
... Method of inquiry References Object of evaluation Sinteticity conceptual modelling; literature survey (Batini & Scannapieco, 2016;Edward Segel & Heer, 2010). Information quality dimensions for maps and texts Design strategies of infographics Clarity conceptual modelling; automatic computation; qualitative user study; controlled experiment; evaluation heuristics set (Bateman et al., 2010;Grammel et al., 2010;Hullman et al., 2011;McGurgan, 2015;Perer & Shneiderman, 2008;Quispel & Maes, 2014;Sprague & Tory, 2012;Spreeuwenberg, van Engers, & Gerrits, 2001;Tamassia et al., 1988;Zuk, Schlesier, Neumann, Hancock, & Carpendale, 2006). ...
Infographics are a common visual means to inform users. This paper investigates how lay people of different age, gender and educational background perceive the use of infographics for information visualization in daily tasks. We chose three topics of general interest: weather, study and work, and three infographics, one for each topic. We administered a questionnaire to people randomly split in two groups: the first group interacted with a static version of each infographic, i.e., a snapshot of it; the second group interacted with the fully configurable infographics. We aimed to assess information quality on different dimensions, to take into account both formal and substantial aspects; interaction quality along dimensions like usability and ease of use; and design quality on the dimensions of the Visualization Wheel by Cairo, to assess the trade-off between information complexity and aesthetics of infographics. The goal was to measure whether the quality of infographics affects the perception of information and the users’ interaction. The overall results suggest that, although interactive infographics are perceived as more complex, the experience with them is better. From our observations, we derived a model to assess the overall quality of static and interactive infographics, based on information, interaction and design quality dimensions.
