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Acute anterolateral ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (a). Note ST elevations in anterior precordial leads V2–V5, lateral limb leads I and aVL, and reciprocal changes in III and aVF. Resolution of ST-segment abnormalities and inferior reciprocal changes after sublingual nitroglycerin and intra-arterial nitroglycerin and verapamil at the time of angiography via radial sheath (b).
Source publication
The use of energy drinks, which often contain stimulants, is common among young persons, yet there have been few reports of adverse cardiac events. We report the case of a 27-year-old man who was admitted to our facility with an acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in the setting of using energy drinks. Angiography revealed no obstructi...
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... 30% of women and 12% of men have myocardial infarction but more than 50% of MI there isn't any evidence of obstructive coronary disease at the time of angiography [14][15][16] . some reasons for myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries included prolonged coronary spasm, to acute thrombogenic process [17][18][19] and Release emboli fron enlarged and thrombotic cardiac chambers and transfer into coronary arteries [17] . ...
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... A 27-year-old man admitted to the emergency department with chest pain and ST elevation myocardial infarction was detected in him. When intrcoronary nitroglycerin and verapamil were administered to him, the coronary arteries were detected normal and the patient was diagnosed with vasospastic angina [33]. ...
... A 27-year-old man admitted to the emergency department with chest pain and ST elevation myocardial infarction was detected in him. When intrcoronary nitroglycerin and verapamil were administered to him, the coronary arteries were detected normal and the patient was diagnosed with vasospastic angina [33]. ...
Energy drinks are generally consumed by young people to increase athletic performance and concentration. Energy drinks contain high concentrations of caffeine, sugar, vitamin B complex, taurine, ginseng and guarana. There are not enough studies on these stimulants but past case-reports and small studies about energy drinks have been associated with cardiovascular complications. Especially with the use of alcohol or abuse drugs increase their undesirable effects and it may lead to cardiac morbidity and mortality. In this review, we aimed to focus on the effects and complications of energy drinks on the cardiovascular system.
... Energy drink consumption has been associated with cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, spontaneous coronary dissection, and coronary vasospasm. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] This association is strengthened with studies showing increased platelet aggregation, increased systolic blood pressure (SBP), and QTc prolongation. [17][18][19][20] QT/QTc interval prolongation is a biologically plausible reason for the sudden cardiac arrest associated with energy drinks and QTc prolongation places patients at increased risk for developing torsades de pointes, which can lead to fatal ventricular arrhythmias. ...
Background
Energy drinks have been linked to an increase in emergency room visits and deaths. We aim to determine the impact of energy drinks on electrocardiographic and hemodynamic parameters in young healthy volunteers.
Methods and Results
A randomized, double‐masked, placebo‐controlled, crossover study was conducted in healthy volunteers. Participants consumed 32 oz of either energy drink A, energy drink B, or placebo within 60 minutes on 3 study days with a 6‐day washout period in between. The primary end point of QT c interval and secondary end points of QT interval, PR interval, QRS duration, heart rate, and brachial and central blood pressures were measured at baseline, and every 30 minutes for 240 minutes. A repeated‐measures 2‐way analysis of variance was performed with the main effects of intervention, time, and an interaction of intervention and time. Thirty‐four participants were included (age 22.1±3.0 years). The interaction term of intervention and time was statistically significant for Bazett's corrected QT interval, Fridericia's corrected QT interval, QT , PR , QRS duration, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, central systolic blood pressure, and central diastolic blood pressure (all P <0.001). The maximum change from baseline in Bazett's corrected QT interval for drinks A, B, and placebo were +17.9±13.9, +19.6±15.8, and +11.9±11.1 ms, respectively ( P =0.005 for ANOVA ) ( P =0.04 and <0.01, respectively compared with placebo). Peripheral and central systolic and diastolic blood pressure were statistically significantly different compared with placebo (all P <0.001).
Conclusion
Energy drinks significantly prolong the QT c interval and raise blood pressure.
Clinical Trial Registration
URL : http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT 03196908.
In recent years, the consumption of energy drinks by young adults and athletes has risen significantly, but concerns have been raised about the potential health risks associated with excessive consumption. These concerns include cardiovascular problems, nervous system disorders, and the potential for addiction. This review aims to examine the reported effects of acute or chronic abuse of energy drinks on human health. The analysis shows a significant prevalence of adverse effects, particularly on the cardiovascular and neurovegetative systems. In particular, the analysis identified nine cases of cardiac arrest, three of which were fatal. The aetiology of these adverse effects is attributed to the inherent neurostimulant properties of these beverages, of which caffeine is the predominant component. A comparison of documented effects in humans with experimental studies in animal models showed an overlap in results. This review highlights the need for greater rigour in the assessment of sudden cardiac death, particularly in young people, as legal substances such as energy drinks may be involved. We propose stricter limits on the consumption of these beverages than for caffeine, based on the evidence found and the data in the literature. This review also calls for the establishment of regulations governing the consumption of these products in view of their potential impact on human health.
Objective:
This study investigated the factors that impact the effectiveness of energy drink-related health messages. Specifically, this study examined how behavioral status moderates the effects of the temporal contexts described in messages related to energy drink consumption.
Participants:
A total of 823 college students enrolled in a northeastern university participated in this study.
Methods:
A 2 (temporal context: proximate vs. distant) × 3 (behavioral status: non-initiator vs. former consumer vs. current consumer) experiment was conducted.
Results:
Proximate context messages were more effective for non-initiators and current consumers in influencing descriptive norms and attitudes respectively, whereas distant context messages were marginally more effective for former consumers in influencing descriptive norms.
Conclusion:
The findings contribute to health promotion research by advancing scholarly understanding of the various behavioral status-dependent psychological effects of temporal context. Moreover, the results have implications for designing effective health campaign messages targeted to college students.
