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... chooses a three-level model for analyzing actor behavior, including the micro-, meso-, and macro-levels. Since this approach is not limited to a particular scale level (Christian 2005, Revel 2010, one can apply this to cases with meso-level actors (Table 1). This discrimination may be important, as I analyze the particular role of entrepreneurial groups (meso-level actors) as distinct from individual entrepreneurs (micro-level actors) in the process of structural change. ...

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Unternehmerische Gruppen: Definition, Formen und historischer Wan-del«. This article connects with the rapidly expanding idea that entrepreneur-ship is a collective action undergone by entrepreneurial groups-a debate so fundamental in its impact that it may ring in a paradigm shift in entrepreneur-ship studies. Yet, the emerging small group perspective to entrepreneurship treats the empirical phenomena as new, whereas historical studies suggest that entrepreneurial groups have been present all along, but have taken different forms across time and cultures. We adopt the view that the concept of entre-preneurial groups, which can function as an overarching term for various forms of collective engagement in entrepreneurship, goes beyond start-ups and new venture teams. This article features a broad definition of entrepreneurial groups as collaborative circles engaged in an entrepreneurial project and operating under organizational pressures. Such conceptualization is important because it allows a context-sensitive perspective of entrepreneurial groups that attends to the social and historic circumstances of group formation and their development. The papers featured in this special issue highlight diverse theoretical and empirical approaches to assist in understanding collective actors in entrepreneurship and further our understanding about entrepreneurial groups.
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This article connects with the rapidly expanding idea that entrepreneurship is a collective action undergone by entrepreneurial groups-a debate so fundamental in its impact that it may ring in a paradigm shift in entrepreneurship studies. Yet, the emerging small group perspective to entrepreneurship treats the empirical phenomena as new, whereas historical studies suggest that entrepreneurial groups have been present all along, but have taken different forms across time and cultures. We adopt the view that the concept of entrepreneurial groups, which can function as an overarching term for various forms of collective engagement in entrepreneurship, goes beyond start-ups and new venture teams. This article features a broad definition of entrepreneurial groups as collaborative circles engaged in an entrepreneurial project and operating under organizational pressures. Such conceptualization is important because it allows a context-sensitive perspective of entrepreneurial groups that attends to the social and historic circumstances of group formation and their development. The papers featured in this special issue highlight diverse theoretical and empirical approaches to assist in understanding collective actors in entrepreneurship and further our understanding about entrepreneurial groups.