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![Active solar desalting system with solar water heater. [72]](publication/356179737/figure/fig8/AS:1089502030368769@1636768934287/Active-solar-desalting-system-with-solar-water-heater-72.png)
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![Figure 12. Multi-effect active solar still. [60]](publication/356179737/figure/fig4/AS:1089502030372864@1636768934228/Multi-effect-active-solar-still-60_Q320.jpg)
![Figure 14. Schematic setup of experiment and the process occurred. [63]](publication/356179737/figure/fig5/AS:1089502030368768@1636768934241/Schematic-setup-of-experiment-and-the-process-occurred-63_Q320.jpg)
Water is an extremely essential life liquid for livings existence. In healthy habitats, hygiene of water is hold up by holy God Sun himself, within the water cycle, in a habitual natural way. In spite of this, inadequate quantity and quality of pure potable water emerge on earth’s crust. Water pollution is also producing problems in view of increas...
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... These endeavors aim to increase the productivity of solar powered stills through innovative combinations and supplementary systems. Nema and Karunamurthy (2021) carried out a comprehensive examination of the classification and impacts of several elements, such as weather, maintenance, and design, on the still's performance. It has a major impact on the production of distilled water as well, which lowers capital and maintenance costs and increases productivity and efficiency. ...
Solar stills play a vital role as devices for utilizing solar energy to generate drinkable water, especially in dry regions where obtaining clean water poses a considerable challenge. This research concentrates on the expansion of a comprehensive mathematical model for anticipating and enhancing the performance of both conventional and stepped solar stills, employing Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The study investigates the influence of key design parameters, for instance, water depth (mm), mass flow rate (kg/h), and glass thickness (mm), on the productivity of conventional and stepped solar stills. The experimental setup involves the systematic collection of data from both conventional and stepped solar stills under varying operational conditions. Through the application of RSM, a predictive mathematical model is established, capturing the complex interdependencies among the input variables and their impact on the distilled water output, called productivity. This model serves as a valuable tool for understanding and optimizing the performance of solar stills in diverse operating conditions.
... Most of the research works depict that the depth of water should be lower to gain a higher yield rate. So Ayoub Malaeb conducted experiments on single and double slopes with varying water depths and concluded that lower water depths of 10 cm or less provide maximum yield rates compared to higher water depths [15]. The still's geometry is such that it receives radiation at a specific angle. ...
Bangladesh faces water scarcity in coastal areas due to rising sea levels and global warming, forcing millions of people to consume saline water. In such a disaster-prone country solar energy can solve the scarcity of fresh water in rural communities, mainly in coastal regions. Solar still is such an approach that uses solar energy to desalinate and purify impure brackish water. The goal was to determine the performance of a solar still for a specific location as well as the difficulties that may occur with a working solar still. The methodological approach was precise throughout, from formulating the problem statement to testing and gathering data. Solar resource assessment tools were used to evaluate the solar potential of the selected location. After four days of experimentation at Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology (23.7638° N, 90.4067° E), the average solar still production was 1.85 kg/m2. Undesired condensation was the most significant barrier to achieving improved efficiency or greater performance. Solar still does not require any prime mover to run; it works perfectly in good solar conditions. Besides, it is a low-investment project and more eco-friendly than other alternatives for water purification.
... Nearly 70% of Earth's surface is covered with water, out of which 97% is oceanic, approximately 2% is stored as ice in the polar region, and only 1% is fresh water available for the needs of the plants, animals, and human beings (Kumar and Bai, 2008). Drinking water demand has been increasing by 1% per year worldwide, driven by a combination of population growth, industrial growth, socio-economic development, changing consumption patterns, and water pollution in natural freshwater reservoirs (Chakraborti et al., 2019;Chen et al., 2020;Nema and Karunamurthy, 2021). ...
Solar desalination has captivated consideration to overcome the problem of the scarcity of freshwater, with simple-design, economic, and environment-friendly solutions. This study navigates a novel solar-evacuated glass tube collector integrated with a collective condenser heat pipe system for solar desalination. A newly designed heat pipe array was represented in this work by affixing all the evaporator tube units of the heat pipes to a single condenser unit and was attached to the evacuated tube solar collector. The innovative assembly of the heat pipe provided uniform heating of water and rapid steam generation. The present system acts as a solar collector and as a stand-alone basin for freshwater formation. The performance assessment of the neoteric system was conducted based on half-filled and three-fourth-filled conditions of the water flow pipe kept within the collective condenser heat pipe. The maximum heat pipe temperature recorded during the half-filled state was 156.9°C and 151.48°C in the three-fourth-filled state. The half-filled state of the water flow pipe delivered a total distilled water content of 8,050 ml/day, whereas the three-fourth-filled state delivered 5,925 ml/day of distilled water. The maximum energy and exergy efficiency of the presented system was 19.27% and 3.92%, respectively. The economic minimum unit cost of freshwater by the present system is 4.27 INR, and the payback period is 2.9 years. The present eco-friendly energy system saves 4.25 kWh of electricity and 4.16 × 10−3 tons of CO2 equivalent per year.
