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, Acarospora piedmontensis. A-D, fertile squamules (Buck 31607). E, black underside and stipe of squamule (Buck 31607). F, cross-section of squamule (Harris 40158). Scales = A: 1.0 mm; B-F: 0.5 mm.
Source publication
americana is revised and separated from A. veronensis. Acarospora superfusa and A. cinereoalba are placed in synonymy with A. americana. A lectotype is selected for A. cinereoalba. A key to the Acarospora species from North America with gyrophoric/lecanoric acid is presented. Acarospora gallica, A. rugulosa, A. sparsa, A. tongleti, and A. variegata...
Citations
... Sarcogyne similis H.Magn. is a common North America species (Magnusson 1935b, Knudsen et al. 2011, Lendemer et al. 2022). Poelt and Vězda reported it from Greece (Poelt & Vězda 1974, Knudsen & Kocourková 2021c. ...
... It differs from S. poeltii and S. similis in having a black hypothecium and lack of stromata. For pictures of the development of apothecia from stromata in the synonym of S. similis, S. reebiae K.Knudsen, seeKnudsen et al. (2011). praetermissa K.Knudsen & Kocourk., Herzogia 31: 134 (2018). ...
Three new species are described from Europe and North America: Sarcogyne adscendens (California, U.S.A.), S.
lecanorina (Czech Republic), and S. poeltii (Greece). Two sterile taxa with probably functionally infertile apothecia
were recovered in the Acarospora badiofusca-A. cervina clade, S. kisonii nom. prov. (Germany), and S. schultzii nom.
prov. (Austria). They could replicate by division and fragmentation and S. kisonii also produces conidia. We report
Sarcogyne canadensis new for Romania and Europe and Sarcogyne oceanica new for Germany. Acarospora glaucocarpa
var. cumulata is a synonym of S. praetermissa. Sequences of nine undescribed Sarcogyne taxa from North
America and one from Czech Republic, all known from single collections, are made available for future research.
... ex Hasse) Zahlbr., but these species usually have small pits in the cortex around the apothecia (Knudsen 2007a, Knudsen et al. 2021b). This phenotype could also be mistaken for A. janae K. Knudsen, but that species differs in having euamyloid hymenial gel (Knudsen et al. 2011). Pruinose specimens could be confused with the possibly sympatric A. nicolai H. Magn., but that species differs in having a parathecium expanded to 30-80 μm around the disc and apothecia often elevated in a parathecial ring (Knudsen and Morse 2009). ...
... DIFFERENTIATION.-Acarospora fissurata looks similar to A. succedens which is also distinctively fissured, has a similar interrupted algal layer, and is a facultative lichenicolous lichen (Knudsen 2007a(Knudsen , 2011. Acarospora fissurata especially differs in being squamulose and in not producing gyrophoric acid. ...
... DIFFERENTIATION.-Sarcogyne nogalensis is a member of the morphological veronensis group of small brown species usually with solitary apothecia. It differs from A. americana H. Magn., A. veronensis, and A. tenebrica especially in having IKI+ euamyloid hymenial gel and being in the Sarcogyne clade (Knudsen et al. 2011(Knudsen et al. , 2021b. Specimens of S. nogalensis were probably annotated as A. veronensis, and it should be sought under this name in herbarium collections (Knudsen 2007a). ...
Eight new species are described from the Chihuahuan Desert in southern New Mexico: Acarospora agostiniana, A. divisa, A. fissurata, A. ryanii, Sarcogyne brouardiana, S. coeruleonigricans, S. malpaiensis, and S. nogalensis. Three species, Acarospora coloradiana, A. peltastica, and A. utahensis are not treated as synonyms of A. strigata, a South American endemic. Thirty-five species of Acarosporaceae are reported from the Chihuahuan Desert in southern New Mexico. Fifty-six species of Acarosporaceae are reported from New Mexico. It is estimated that 416 species of described Acarosporales occur worldwide, most in need of revisions. Including species described or taken out of synonymy in this paper, there are 120 species of Acarosporaceae reported from North America north of Mexico. Caeruleum heppii is not a member of the Acarosporales. A key is supplied for 93 species of Acarosporaceae in the southwestern United States (Arizona, southern and central California, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and western Texas), which covers 77.5% of the described species in North America.
... The purpose of this paper is to recognize the priority of the name Acarospora schorica as the oldest name of Trimmatothelopsis sphaerosperma (Vodopjanova 1971, Knudsen et al. 2011, Knudsen et al. 2021. We make the new combination Trimmatothelopsis schorica (N.V.Vodop.) ...
... For a description see Knudsen & Kocourková (2016). For microscopic pictures see Knudsen et al. (2011) and Knudsen & Kocourková (2016) Distribution. The species occurs in Asia (Russian Federation), Europe (Czech Republic, Russian Federation, Ukraine) and North America (U.S.A.: Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, and Ohio) on chert, dolomite, limestone, marlite, opoka and other calcareous sedimentary sandstones, and speculite (Vodopjanova 1971, Gudovicheva 2005, Averchuk 2009, Knudsen et al. 2011, Zhdanov 2012, Korchikov et al. 2015, Muchnik 2016, Knudsen & Kocourková 2016, CNALH 2022). ...
... For microscopic pictures see Knudsen et al. (2011) and Knudsen & Kocourková (2016) Distribution. The species occurs in Asia (Russian Federation), Europe (Czech Republic, Russian Federation, Ukraine) and North America (U.S.A.: Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, and Ohio) on chert, dolomite, limestone, marlite, opoka and other calcareous sedimentary sandstones, and speculite (Vodopjanova 1971, Gudovicheva 2005, Averchuk 2009, Knudsen et al. 2011, Zhdanov 2012, Korchikov et al. 2015, Muchnik 2016, Knudsen & Kocourková 2016, CNALH 2022). ...
... The purpose of this paper is to recognize the priority of the name Acarospora schorica as the oldest name of Trimmatothelopsis sphaerosperma (Vodopjanova 1971, Knudsen et al. 2011, Knudsen et al. 2021. We make the new combination Trimmatothelopsis schorica (N.V.Vodop.) ...
... For a description see Knudsen & Kocourková (2016). For microscopic pictures see Knudsen et al. (2011) and Knudsen & Kocourková (2016) Distribution. The species occurs in Asia (Russian Federation), Europe (Czech Republic, Russian Federation, Ukraine) and North America (U.S.A.: Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, and Ohio) on chert, dolomite, limestone, marlite, opoka and other calcareous sedimentary sandstones, and speculite (Vodopjanova 1971, Gudovicheva 2005, Averchuk 2009, Knudsen et al. 2011, Zhdanov 2012, Korchikov et al. 2015, Muchnik 2016, Knudsen & Kocourková 2016, CNALH 2022). ...
... For microscopic pictures see Knudsen et al. (2011) and Knudsen & Kocourková (2016) Distribution. The species occurs in Asia (Russian Federation), Europe (Czech Republic, Russian Federation, Ukraine) and North America (U.S.A.: Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, and Ohio) on chert, dolomite, limestone, marlite, opoka and other calcareous sedimentary sandstones, and speculite (Vodopjanova 1971, Gudovicheva 2005, Averchuk 2009, Knudsen et al. 2011, Zhdanov 2012, Korchikov et al. 2015, Muchnik 2016, Knudsen & Kocourková 2016, CNALH 2022). ...
Knudsen, K., Urbanavichus, G., Hodková, E., Tsurykau, A. & Kocourková, J. 2022. Acarospora schorica is a Trimmatothelopsis.-Herzogia 35: 467-474. Acarospora schorica is the oldest name for Trimmatothelopsis sphaerosperma and has priority. The new combination Trimmatothelopsis schorica is proposed. The species is recognized as occurring in Asia, Europe, and North America. Phylogenetic analysis of sequence data verifies its placement in the genus Trimmatothelopsis. Zusammenfassung: Knudsen, K., Urbanavichus, G., Hodková, E., Tsurykau, A. & Kocourková, J. 2022. Acarospora schorica gehört zu Trimmatothelopsis.-Herzogia 35: 467-474. Acarospora schorica ist der älteste Name für Trimmatothelopsis sphaerosperma and hat daher Priorität. Die Umkombination Trimmatothelopsis schorica wird vorgeschlagen. Die Art kommt in Asien, Europa und Nordamerika vor. Die Stellung der Art in der Gattung Trimmatothelopsis wird molekularphylogenetisch bestätigt.
... Thirteen species have been described in the genus Trimmatothelopsis. They are distributed worldwide, and occur on rocks and soil (Gueidan & al. 2014, Knudsen & Lendemer 2016, Knudsen & al. 2011 of the hymenium were conducted using Lugol's iodine after pretreatment with 10% aqueous KOH solution (K/I). To identify the internal substances of each lichen, K (5% potassium hydroxide), C (aqueous solution of calcium hypochlorite), and P (paraphenylene diamine) solutions were used to examine the color reaction (chemical color tests; Orange & al. 2001). ...
... In the mtSSU tree, the Korean samples showed up in three separate clades, corresponding to T. coreana and two new species, here proposed as T. ireneana and T. wendyana. This is consistent with the results of previous studies that employed mtSSU (Gueidan & al. 2014, Knudsen & al. 2011, Westberg & al. 2015. Each species was highly supported in the phylogenetic tree. ...
Trimmatothelopsis ireneana and T. wendyana are described as new species based on collections from South Korea. Trimmatothelopsis ireneana is characterized by dark brown, punctiform apothecia having a raised dark brown apex, by the 0.1–0.3 mm wide, yellowish thallus areoles, and by a low (130–175 μm) hymenium. Trimmatothelopsis wendyana is characterized by reddish punctiform apothecia, by the smooth, yellowish brown, thallus areoles with round to irregular shape, overlapping as if a squamulose thallus, and by a high hymenium (220–250 μm). A phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the two species to be closely related and separated from other Trimmatothelopsis species as new clades in the mtSSU analysis. In the ITS analysis, the clade of the two new species was found to be a sister to T. rhizobola. A key is presented to all 13 accepted species of Trimmatothelopsis .
... ON: Ottawa, along Rideau River, Hog's Back, on granite, Harris 12143 (NY); Ottawa, Macoun 66, 7 May 1897, CANL. The Harris specimen is cited in Knudsen et al. (2011) in a detailed discussion of the species with a full description and many excellent photos. The Macoun specimen is mentioned in Brodo et al. (2013). ...
... Meanwhile, new fieldwork at the begin-ning of the 21 st century, has continued to discover species of Acarosporaceae new for science, especially in North and South America, but also in Asia, Africa, and Australia (Knudsen 2007, Knudsen & Bungartz 2014, Knudsen & Flakus 2009, Knudsen & Kocourková 2015, McCarthy & Kantvilas 2013, Nurtai et al. 2016, Roux & Wirth 2011, Westberg et al. 2011In this paper Acarospora sphaerosperma R.C.Harris & K.Knudsen is reported new for Europe from the Czech Republic. It was originally described from the Ozark region of eastern North America (Knudsen et al. 2011). We report the central European and Mediterrean species Acarospora irregularis H.Magn. new for Austria (). ...
... Amyloid reactions were studied with undiluted Merck Lugol's (I), with or without pretreatment with KOH (K). The description of Acarospora sphaerosperma (Knudsen et al. 2011) has been revised. The image of Acarospora irregularis was generated by W. Obermayer using a dissecting microscope (Leica, Wild M3Z) which was connected to a digital camera (Zeiss, Axiocam MRc5). ...
... She showed them to her co-worker K. Knudsen. He was immediately surprised that it was a species R.C. Harris and he had described from the Ozarks, Acarospora sphaerosperma R.C.Harris & K.Knudsen, a calciphile that was most often collected on dolomite (Knudsen et al. 2011). Later, learning of Wagner's discoveries, Z. Palice (PRA) recognized he had collected the same species on limestone in the Czech Karst in the south-western part of Central Bohemia. ...
Acarospora sphaerosperma, a species described from the Ozarks in North America, is reported new for Europe from
Bohemia in the Czech Republic. The species is expected to be more widespread in Europe. An earlier European name
has not been found. Acarospora irregularis is reported new for Austria.
The discovery and study of three new species of Trimmatothelopsis from Southwestern
North America, T. californica, T. mexicana, and T. novomexicana, adds not only to
the diversity of the genus and family but generated new insights into the occurrence
of two ascus types in the genus and the variety of conidiogenous cells and conidia.
Trimmatothelopsis now includes 15 species with a mainly Holarctic distribution (Asia,
Europe, North America) and one species in Australia. A key is supplied to the genus. An
overview of the genus Trimmatothelopsis is given, including differentiation from other
genera of Acarosporaceae. The monotypic genus Thelocarpella is considered to be a
synonym of Trimmatothelopsis. The new combination Trimmatothelopsis wirthii is proposed.
The ascus type is shown to be variable in the genus with species with two types
being intermixed with each other in our phylogeny.
The phylogeny of the Acarosporaceae (Lecanoromycetes, Acarosporomycetidae, Acarosporales) is investigated using data from three molecular markers; nuclear ITS- LSU rDNA, mitochondrial SSU and β-tubulin. Acarosporaceae is shown to be constituted by six main clades; Myriospora, Timdalia, Pleopsidium, a clade composed by "Acarospora" rhizobola and "A." terricola, the poorly supported Sarcogyne clade (including several Polysporina and Acarospora species) and the Acarospora clade (including the type of Polysporina, P. simplex, and several other Polysporina species). The common ancestor of the Acarosporaceae did not produce strongly black pigmented (carbonized or melanized) ascomata, but this trait has arisen secondarily and independently numerous times in the evolution of the group. The number of changes in character states of both carbonized epihymenium and carbonized exciple are considerably more than the minimum number. The genera Sarcogyne and Polysporina - largely circumscribed based on the presence of black pigmented ascomata - are shown to be distinctly non-monophyletic. The presence of green algae in the ascoma margin (lecanorine or lecideine ascomata) may vary even within single species.
The species described in or referred to the genus Melanophloea, traditionally referred to the Thelocarpaceae, are discussed. Detailed observations on two species, including the type species, show that they have not much more in common than their polysporous ascus. Melanophloea is reduced to the type species, M. pacifica. It shows a close resemblance to Aptrootia in the Trypetheliaceae, and it is therefore tentatively referred to this family. Melanophloea americana is shown to be close to Thelenella in the Thelenellaceae. The latter species and the related M. montana are newly combined into this genus as Thelenella americana and T. montana. Thelocarpon nigrum, which was recently compared to Melanophloea, is retained in Thelocarpon in the Thelocarpaceae. Polyspory is suggested to facilitate dispersion, especially when compared to parent taxa that produce large muriform ascospores. Based on the current classification, polyspory originated at least 57 times within the lichenized ascomycetes, a clear example of convergent evolution.
