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This manuscript deals with the first records of five jellyfish species in the Marmara Sea (Turkey) of previously unrecorded medusozoan species (four hydrozoan taxa, Liriope tetraphylla , Aglaura hemistoma , Solmundella bitentaculata , Neoturris pileata , and one scyphozoan, Paraphyllina ransoni ) from plankton collections made in the years 2001–2...
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... and Ctenophora species reported from Marmara Sea (data from Demir 1952; Shiganova et al. 1995;Unsal 1995;Albayrak & Balkis 2000;Inanmaz et al. 2003;Isinibilir 2004;Isinibilir et al. 2004). (Figures 3 and 4). A number of specimens were able to survive winter conditions, as they were collected in March 2007 at two Southwestern Marmara stations (st. ...
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... The research "Invertebrate Bottom Animals of the Bosphorus and Islands Shores" by Demir (1952) was the first research to examine hydroid polyps in Türkiye's coastal regions. Despite several subsequent systematic studies, there is currently no specific work available regarding their substrate preferences from Türkiye until the present study (Albayrak & Balkıs, 2000;Şaşı & Balık, 2002;Çınar et al., 2011;İşinibilir et al., 2010;Ergüden et al., 2014;Çınar et al., 2014;İşinibilir et al., 2015;Yılmaz et al., 2017;İşinibilir et al, 2017). In Türkiye, C. hummelincki, M. philippina, C. eximia, and E. merulum have been identified as other species demonstrating characteristics of alien invasive species for the Turkish coasts (Çınar et al., 2014). ...
This study was conducted with seasonal samplings to determine the distribution of hydroid polyp fauna in eight different stations along the Antalya Bay coastline. Samples were collected from the upper infralittoral zone using apnea diving, and some physicochemical and biological characteristics of the environment (salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, chlorophyll-a, zooplankton) were determined. Systematic studies on hydroid polyps in the world's oceans and the Mediterranean Sea were used for species identification. It was concluded that the physicochemical characteristics of the region generally resemble the water quality characteristics of the Mediterranean. Clytia hemisphaerica and Pennaria disticha were identified as the most common species. When examining the substrate preferences of hydroid polyps, it is observed that the highest proportion, 37%, is epiphytic substrate, followed by 23.08% epilithic substrate and 21.68% epizoic substrate, respectively.
... The family Paraphyllinidae Maas, 1903 belonging to the order Coronatae Vanhöffen 1892 comprises only one genus and is represented today by three species: Paraphyllina intermedia Maas, 1903; Paraphyllina rubra Neppi, 1915; and Paraphyllina ransoni Russell, 1956. Among them, only P. ransoni has been reported from the Sea of Marmara by Isinibilir et al. (2010). Maas (1903) studied jellyfishes collected by the Siboga Expedition in the Malay Archipelago and erected the new genus, Paraphyllina, describing two specimens that he called Paraphyllina intermedia. ...
On August 9, 2008, during the MAREM (Marmara Environmental Monitoring) project survey, a single specimen of an unknown Scyphozoa was caught with a deep-water vertical plankton haul, below the thermo-halocline interface, at maximum 1042 m hauling depth, in the Sea of Marmara (40°44'00″N, 08°00'03″E), Turkey. In the following years, 22 specimens, which ranged in diameter from 18 to 26 mm and had the same characteristics, were caught in the same water mass of the Sea of Marmara during MAREM monitoring surveys. The specimens seem to correspond most closely with the medusae described by Maas (1903), Neppi (1915), and Russell (1956). All these specimens were similar in their essential characteristics, but differed in some details. Likewise, Paraphyllina kubanci sp. nov. differs from other species of the genus in terms of some characteristics, especially in the S-shaped gonads and in the distribution of coloration. It is identified as a new species of the genus Paraphyllina and described here.
... Another consequence of the shallow sampling is the absence of Coronatae (Coronamedusae) records. At least five mesobathypelagic scyphozoans occur in the Mediterranean Sea, namely Nausithoe marginata, N. punctata, Paraphyllina ransoni, Paraphyllina rubra and Periphylla periphylla (Isinibilir et al., 2010;Pestorić et al., 2021). While the continental shelf represents 64.5% of the Tunisian EEZ, the presence of canyons (Wurtz, 2010) in the northern area of the international zone between Tunisia and Sardinia could be the host of deep jellyfish species (Bouillon et al., 2004). ...
Jellyfish (Cnidaria and Ctenophora) are an essential component of the marine ecosystems and represent a potential source, positive or negative, for several economic’ activities. Jellyfish outbreaks and Non-Indigenous Species (NIS) introduction can shift the ecological community structure and energy transfer. Despite their importance in the ecosystem’s function and services, jellyfish fauna diversity and phenology knowledge are uneven, the southern Mediterranean Sea being poorly investigated. Here, we present an overview of the current state of jellyfish biodiversity in Tunisia. Based on a comprehensive literature survey, historical records, and unpublished data, 66 jellyfish species, including 11 Non-Indigenous Species, have been recorded in Tunisia between 1994 and 2020. Additionally, based on field surveys and a citizen science sighting program between 2004 and 2020, we present the spatial distribution of 13 conspicuous jellyfish taxa and the phenology of the eight most frequently detected species (Aurelia solida, Cotylorhiza tuberculata, Pelagia noctiluca, Phyllorhiza punctata, Rhizostoma pulmo, Rhopilema nomadica, Olindias muelleri and Velella velella) in Tunisian two ecoregions, Western Mediterranean and Tunisian Plateau. The 17 years surveys showed a shift in R. pulmo, A. solida and P. noctiluca phenology. Additionally, citizen science revealed P. punctata (NIS) spatial spreading and the distinct phenology between the two ecoregions populations.
... In conclusion, the Marmara Sea in recent years has been undergoing profound changes, mostly due to excessive fishing, increasing eutrophication, introduction and bloom of jellyfish species that strongly impact the zooplankton communities (Zengin Isinibilir et al., 2010, Isinibilir 2012. Furthermore, massive mucilage event occurred in 2007/2008 has caused significant shifts in zooplankton abundance and community structure. ...
This datasheet on Mnemiopsis leidyi covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Environmental Requirements, Natural Enemies, Impacts, Uses, Prevention/Control, Further Information.
... Mnemiopsis leidyi caused major harm to the ecosystem after it expanded its niche to the Sea of Marmara following its introduction to the Black Sea at the end of 1980 (Isinibilir, Tarkan, & Kideys, 2004;Shiganova, 1998). Ever since, non-indigenous jellyfish species such as Chrysaora hysoscella, Liriope tetraphylla, Aequorea vitrina, Cotylorhiza tuberculata, and others have been introduced to the basin (İnanmaz, Bekbolet, & Kıdeyş, 2002;Isinibilir, Yilmaz, & Piraino, 2010;İşinibilir et al., 2020;Yilmaz et al., 2017). In general, jellyfish are important consumers of zooplankton in pelagic ecosystems, although their ecological role is still poorly understood (Lucas, Gelcich, & Uye, 2014). ...
... (Isinibilir, 2012;İşinibilir-Okyar, Üstün, & Orun, 2015;Turkoglu, 2013;Yılmaz, 2014). In addition, the number of jellyfish species recorded from the Sea of Marmara increased in the last decades and is still increasing (İnanmaz et al., 2002;Isinibilir et al., 2010;Isinibilir et al., 2020;Yilmaz et al., 2017). The rise of new jellyfish species might represent a future threat for the region by switching available trophic resources from zooplankton to unfavorable jellyfish biomass, thus eventually affecting fisheries and triggering changes in the functioning of the pelagic food web. ...
... In the studies carried out, this type of anomalies are a significant indicator of the delicate balance due to the diversity of species in the Sea of Marmara, this situation causes mass deaths in other living creatures living in the sea and can cause consequences such as health problems in humans through the food chain, due to the damage caused to the fishing gears. It has been determined that it may cause a decrease in the income of fishery products (Aktan et al., 2008;Altuğ et al., 2010;İşinibilir, 2010;İşinibilir et al., 2010;Tüfekçi et al., 2010;Eyuboğlu et al., 2013;Altın et al., 2015). In the research, firstly the distribution of the product losses caused by the jelly-like organisms in terms of the main fish species were investigated. ...
... Hence, the improvement of fishing gear is required for more efficient quantitative analyses (Lynam et al., 2004). Moreover, as the population of jellyfish increases rapidly every year (Brodeur et al., 2002;Pitt & Lucas, 2014;Richardson et al., 2009), the annual or long interval jellyfish observation approach may not be appropriate (Isinibilir et al., 2010). However, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones enable the automatic capture of images over a wider area, which can then be used for analysis or classification (Horton et al., 2019;Kelaher et al., 2019). ...
Research to understand the distribution and density of jellyfish is actively being conducted using training ships, but this is hindered by the high cost of manpower and the limitations of the irradiation area. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs or drones), however, provide cost-effective means for assessing marine animal populations. Therefore, we tested the application of UAVs in estimating jellyfish density and probed the altitude-dependent suitability of these devices. We analyzed images obtained by a drone as well as by manual counting and used ImageJ to measure the density of Nemopilema nomurai off Sang-Chuja Island, Jeju, South Korea. Analysis of the image obtained at altitudes of 5–120 m allowed for the identification of 2–173 individuals, while 1.49–9.09 individuals were identified per 100 m ² . Jellyfish density data measured by manual count and by ImageJ did not show any difference below 90 m; however, a difference was presented at altitudes of 100 m (98%) and 120 m (95%). These results demonstrate the potential of drones for jellyfish monitoring and recommend an optimal altitude for observation.
... Although S. rivulatus is herbivorous, it predominantly also feeds on gelatinous zooplanktons (ctenophores and scyphozoans) (Bos et al., 2017). These jellyfish have become abundant in recent years in the Sea of Marmara (Isinibilir, 2012;Isinibilir et al., 2010Isinibilir et al., , 2015Isinibilir & Yılmaz, 2016. Further studies should not only document the occurrence but also investigate, the feeding, growth, reproduction of this species in the Sea of Marmara. ...
The marbled spinefoot, Siganus rivulatus (Forsskål&Niebuhr, 1775) was recorded for the first time in Izmit Bay, Sea of Marmara. One specimen was caught on 30 September 2019 by a small scale fisherman at depth of 25 m. The fish measured 151 mm in total length and weighted of 43.45 g. S. rivulatus is one of the Lessepsian immigrants who entered the Mediterranean more than half a century ago, and has now also easily adapted to the Sea of Marmara, which has a unique two‐layered water system.
... In the beginning of 1990, the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi was introduced into the Sea of Marmara and it damaged all ecosystems drastically (Isinibilir, Tarkan, & Kideys, 2004). Since then, Beroe ovata, Chrysaora hysoscella, Liriope tetraphylla, Aequorea vitrina and other alien jellyfish species have been introduced to the region, respectively (İnanmaz, Bekbolet, & Kıdeyş, 2002;Isinibilir, Yilmaz, & Piraino, 2010;Yilmaz, Isinibilir, Vardar, & Dursun, 2017). Recent studies have proved that the numbers of jellyfishes have been growing in the Sea of Marmara lately (Isinibilir, Yilmaz, & Piraino, 2010;Yilmaz, Isinibilir, Vardar, & Dursun, 2017). ...
... Since then, Beroe ovata, Chrysaora hysoscella, Liriope tetraphylla, Aequorea vitrina and other alien jellyfish species have been introduced to the region, respectively (İnanmaz, Bekbolet, & Kıdeyş, 2002;Isinibilir, Yilmaz, & Piraino, 2010;Yilmaz, Isinibilir, Vardar, & Dursun, 2017). Recent studies have proved that the numbers of jellyfishes have been growing in the Sea of Marmara lately (Isinibilir, Yilmaz, & Piraino, 2010;Yilmaz, Isinibilir, Vardar, & Dursun, 2017). ...
Jellyfishes, which are one of the most important consumers in marine ecosystems, may have detri-mental effects on fish stocks that have economic value. Therefore, identifying and monitoring jelly-fish presence is important. We observed four individuals of symbiotic rhizostome scyphozoan Cot-ylorhiza tuberculata in the vicinity of the Princes’ Islands Archipelago, in the Northeast Sea of Marmara, Turkey in September 2020. Although this species is a common member of gelatinous plankton in the Mediterranean Sea, the present study is the first record from the Sea of Marmara.
... In the Sea of Marmara in particular, research on hydrozoans has historically been focused on the production of species inventories (e.g. Ostroumoff, 1896;Demir, 1954), with recent studies reporting on the punctual presence of either pelagic (Isinibilir et al., 2010;Isinibilir et al., 2015a;Yılmaz et al., 2017) or benthic (Albayrak & Balkıs, 2000;Marques et al., 2000;Topçu et al., 2016) taxa. As a result, sixty-two species of hydrozoans have been recorded so far in the Sea of Marmara (see Isinibilir & Yılmaz, 2016 for a check-list), although more can be expected as sampling effort increases in the region. ...
Changes in the abundance and distribution of marine benthic hydrozoan species are indicative of variations in environmental conditions in the marine realm. The comparative analysis of such assemblages can improve our understanding of environmental and ecological conditions in the Sea of Marmara, a strongly stratified and heavily populated inland sea connecting the Aegean and Black seas, on route of national and international maritime traffic. We compared the hydrozoan assemblages occurring in harbours with those developed at natural sites, as well as the assemblages associated with the Black Sea water mass versus the Mediterranean water mass in the vicinities of the Prince Islands, the north-easternmost section of the Sea of Marmara. Sampling took place at 12 stations, once in March 2015 and once in August 2015 in order to cover species with both warm and cold water affinities. Multivariate analyses showed that benthic hydroid assemblages with both affinities differed significantly between the heavily trafficked harbours of the Prince Islands (connected to the metropolis of Istanbul) and areas without human settlements and maritime traffic. In addition, highly distinct hydroid assemblages were found characterizing both areas with water of Mediterranean origin and areas with water from Black Sea origin. Based on our results, we discuss the potential for the use of these organisms as indicators of water masses and anthropogenic impact at the regional level.
