Figure 4 - uploaded by Camilla H C Hagman
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Absorption range of different algae pigments, including chlorophyll a, b, c, carotenoids and phycobilipigments (Roy et al. 2011), in the photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) spectrum of visible light.
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... the colors of irradiance that dominate the photic zone of lakes vary between lakes of different DOC concentrations and color, the pigment composition of phytoplankton may determine their abundance in humic lakes (Jones 1998). Depending on the content of chlorophylls in addition to chlorophyll-a, and particularly the content of accessory pigments and photoprotective compounds, algae species will be able to absorb different wavelengths of light (Figure 4) (Kirk 1983). Pigments which absorb wavelengths towards the green and red part of the PAR spectrum, will be advantageous in lakes where DOC attenuates the blue and some green wavelengths. ...
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... productivity and carbon fixation rates will be equal as with lower chlorophylla content, only the algae will be able to perform at lower light intensities (Reynolds 2006). In addition to increasing light harvesting pigments, some algae species are also able to increase their concentrations of accessory photosynthetic pigments, widening the wavebands of absorbance, as illustrated in Figure 4 ( Reynolds 2006). Especially cyanobacteria and cryptophytes (phycocyanins and phycoerythrins), chrysophytes and diatoms (xanthophylls) contain pigments that widen the absorption range between the peaks of chlorophyll-a (Figure 4) (Reynolds 2006). ...
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... addition to increasing light harvesting pigments, some algae species are also able to increase their concentrations of accessory photosynthetic pigments, widening the wavebands of absorbance, as illustrated in Figure 4 ( Reynolds 2006). Especially cyanobacteria and cryptophytes (phycocyanins and phycoerythrins), chrysophytes and diatoms (xanthophylls) contain pigments that widen the absorption range between the peaks of chlorophyll-a (Figure 4) (Reynolds 2006). A combination of these traits, namely motility and adjustable pigment composition, will, mainly driven by lake color, determine the vertical presence of the specific taxa in the water column of stratified lakes (Longhi and Beisner 2009). ...
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... cryptophytes contain chlorophyll a, chlorophyll c2, several xanthophylls (alloxanthin, crocoxanthin, monadoxanthin, zeaxanthin), α-and β-carotene, and one phycobilipigment (phycocyanin or phycoerythrin) which depends on the species (Chapman 1966, Schagerl andDonabaum 2003, Reynolds 2006). This combination of pigments allows cryptophytes to absorb wavelengths within the entire spectrum of visible light between the peaks of chlorophyll a at 430-660 nm, as seen in Figure 4. Hence, they are well adapted to low light, and are able to grow and reproduce in such conditions (Wetzel 2001). ...
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... contain chlorophyll a, and accessory pigments phycocyanin and/or phycoerythrin (Reynolds 2006). Their pigment composition makes them capable of absorption of a wide range of wavelengths in the PAR spectrum (Figure 4), however some studies indicate that they are unable to utilize red light in humic lakes (Eloranta 1999in (Steinberg et al. 2006)). Some species are shade-adapted, while others tolerate high light levels closer to the surface, depending on their pigment composition. ...
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Citations
... Noteworthy, this DOC may not be humic or fulvic acids but organic acids from other sources (bacteria and phytoplankton decomposition). Moreover, the initial state of the lake and composition of the phytoplankton community influence responses to increased DOC and browning, as there are different adaptations of phytoplankton for an inrease in DOC supply and low light conditions such as motility (Hagman, 2020) or buoyancy regulation (Rouhe and Rueter, 2018). Likewise, the biomass of cryptophytes and chrysophytes were found to increase in lakes with increasing levels of DOC and browning (e.g., Kankaala et al., 2019). ...
In northern lakes, which are often stained and productive, the impacts of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on sediment phosphorus (P) release are largely unexplored. Here we elucidated the factors behind experimentally-derived sediment release rates of P by diffusion (DF) in four Finnish lakes with a range of colour. Next, we extended our analysis to a larger set of northern lakes for further insights regarding possible implications of organic substances on sediment P release.
The significant correlation between pore-water soluble reactive P and dissolved iron, and a positive effect of iron-bound sedimentary P (Fe-P) on DF supports the classic paradigm of redox-dependent P release in the four Finnish lakes studied. Nevertheless, the P release from Fe-P may be inhibited by humic substances, as we observed lower Fe-P and negative DF in two humic rich lakes (high DOC). The analysis of a larger set of northern lakes supported the negative effect of humic substances on P release rate (RR) determined by in situ increases. In this dataset, DOC correlated positively with water colour and negatively with RR. Furthermore, multiple stepwise regression analysis selected TPsed and organic matter content in sediments (LOI) as the best predictors of RR, similar to a previously published model by Nürnberg (1988). While the model predictions (RRpred) were correlated to RR in the present study, they tended to overestimate RR that was determined in closed experimental systems. The inhibiting effects of humic substances on RR may be manifested in both internal P loading and primary production.
