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Abdomen and telson of zoea in Chionoecetes opilio (A), Tritodynamia rathbuni (B) and Pisoides bidentatus (C).
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A dichotomous identification key for brachyuran zoeal stages from Peter the Great Bay (Russian waters of the Sea of Japan) is provided for the first time. The key covers 16 taxa identified to species level and uses only the most conspicuous external characters of larvae that are easy to observe under a stereomicroscope without specimens dissection....
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Citations
... Only larger larvae appear in the south, in the Kara Strait, which are distinguished as a separate size group. They are at the next stage, zoea II (Fig. 1b), since they have abdominal legs [25,26]. They probably originated from the Barents Sea, since the corresponding fourth size group is the most numerous at the station in the Barents Sea (station 6282), whereas larvae at the zoea I stage are the most numerous group from the side of Kara Sea (RDL 4.8 ± 0.2 mm). ...
... Numerous H. araneus larvae were found at the same stations, at the zoea I and zoea II stages (Figs. 1d, 1e) [25,26]. ...
Most likely, the alien snow crab Chionoecetes opilio entered the Kara Sea from the Barents Sea, both due to the migration of adults and with currents at the larval stage. Currently, all bottom stages, including mature individuals and a large number of pelagic larvae, are present in the Kara Sea. However, the origin of larvae has not yet been clarified. The larvae hatched in the Kara Sea should be at an earlier stage of development compared with the larvae arrived here from the Barents Sea due to later development of phytoplankton and, accordingly, later hatching. The larvae of the snow crab Chionoecetes opilio and the spider crab Hyas araneus were collected in the central and southwestern Kara Sea in July–early August 2019 by a Bongo zooplankton net with a diameter of 60 cm. It was established that the larvae were unevenly distributed across the Kara Sea. The most populus region was the border with the Barents Sea in the St. Anna Trough (up to 860 ind./m2), and relatively high concentrations of larvae were recorded in the southwestern part, where their abundance at stations varied from 18 to 302 ind./m2. In the zone of the Ob–Yenisei plume, crab larvae were absent or their abundance was minimal. Using molecular genetic methods, the species identity of 361 larvae (344 C. opilio and 17 H. araneus) was reliably determined, and measurements of a number of morphological structures were made for 401 larvae. Significant differences in size were found at the zoea II stage between C. opilio and H. araneus. In July 2019, in most of the Kara Sea, in zooplankton samples, crab larvae were represented by zoea I of C. opilio with rare specimens of zoea I of H. araneus of the Kara Sea origin. Only in the southwestern part, at the boundary with the Barents Sea, was the presence of zoea II of C. opilio and H. araneus observed in samples with an increased share of the latter species in catches, which probably originated from the Barents Sea.
... Bottom depth at each station is given in Table 1. Identification and staging of snow crab larvae were based on Pohle (1990), Korn et al. (2010) and Kornienko and Korn (2009). Morphometric data were obtained either from all or a maximum of 10 larvae from each station. ...
The snow crab ( Chionoecetes opilio ) is an Arctic cold-water species native to the northwestern Atlantic Ocean and the northern Pacific Ocean. During the recent decades, a population has established in the Barents Sea. Several aspects of the snow crabs’ biology in this area have not been described, including time of hatching, intermoult duration of the different larval stages and larval distribution. Insight into the early-life stages might increase the understanding of the population's dynamics and further spreading in the Barents Sea as well as inform basis for making monitoring and management decisions. The present study investigated the presence and developmental stage of snow crab larva in plankton samples obtained in the central Barents Sea during a research survey in June and July 2019. Presence of snow crab larvae was confirmed through taxonomic and genetic identification. All larvae were identified as zoea I, which gives an indication of the timing of the hatching period. Morphological measurements coincide well with those reported in studies from the species native distribution range. No larvae of native Hyas spp. were found and overlap in temporal and spatial distribution is discussed. The study provides important information for development of further research into the biology of the snow crab in the Barents Sea.
... It is important to emphasise that it is commonly difficult to differentiate between the larvae of some species, especially if it is the same genus, since their distinctions are based only on small morphological differences. In such cases, the reliability of the specific descriptions can be feasible only when the larval stages are obtained in the laboratory (Kornienko and Korn 2009). ...
So far there are no descriptions of zoea larvae of known species of the genus Callinectes in the Pacific Ocean. Hence, the objective of this study is to describe the first larval stage of C. bellicosus and determine if the features of the zoea 1 stage are like the other species of Portunidae family. Twenty ovigerous females were captured at El Colorado lagoon in the Mexican Pacific, of the northern coast of Sinaloa, during September 2017. Females were transported to the aquaculture laboratory of the Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN); Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Integral Development (CIIDIR), Unit Sinaloa. The ovigerous females were isolated in tanks with aerated seawater at a salinity of 35 psu, and a temperature of 20.5 ± 1.5°C, until hatching. The zoea were fixed and preserved in 70% ethanol. The first zoea was dissected using glycerine for detailed examination under a stereoscope. In this study we observed that from C. bellicosus the lateral carapace spines were well-developed, the dorsolateral projections were found on the second and third abdominal segments, the abdominal segments 3-5 bore posterior lateral processes, the telson fork had three spines and there was an unarmed endopod middle segment at the first maxilliped, all these correspond to those morphological larval characters of the subfamily Portuninae. ARTICLE HISTORY
... Due to the high hydrodynamics in this region (Muller-Karger et al. 1988, Mikhailov 2010, along with the lack of an oceanographic ship well equipped for plankton sampling, studies on BACZ demand a high financial cost, which might eventually represent a restriction to studies in this area. Greater resource investments should be made to fill this gap considering the importance of studies on larval periods, as they provide relevant information on biodiversity and life cycle of a species in a region, reproduction period (Kornienko & Korn 2009), dispersal processes, and recruitment of populations, among others (Anger 2001). (Say, 1818 (1987) ...
This bibliographic review includes all brachyuran species listed for the Brazilian Amazon Coastal Zone (covering the occurrence of species in the states of Amapá, Pará, and Maranhão), with respective larval development either fully or partially described. Information provided include the current taxon name, taxon authorship, larval stages described, and habitat of the adult of each species. A total of 194 species were recorded in the study area. Of these, 49 (25%) have the larval stages completely described, 25 (13%) have incomplete descriptions of the larval development with at least one stage described, and most of them, 120 species (62%), do not have morphological descriptions of any larval stage. This is clearly a large gap that needs to be filled for the advancement of the knowledge of crab life histories in a unique area of coastal biodiversity. More so because this area faces threats from the pink shrimp fishery and oil prospection activities.
... Later the larvae of G. amphioetus were found in the plankton of Peter the Great Bay. Their descriptions were included in the illustrated keys for the identification of brachyuran zoeal and megalopal stages in the plankton of northwestern Sea of Japan (Kornienko & Korn 2009, 2010. The period of occurrence, density, and distribution of larval Glebocarcinus in Amursky, Ussuriysky and Vostok bays (inner bays of Peter the Great Bay) have been also studied . ...
A new cancrid crab species Glebocarcinus kashini sp. nov. (Decapoda: Brachyura: Cancridae) is described from Russian coastal waters of the Sea of Japan. The new species can be clearly separated from relative and sibling, Glebocarcinus amphioetus (Rathbun, 1898), by a less prominent and granulated dorsal surface of the carapace and dorsal surface of the cheliped propodus, less prominent sculpture of the carapace front and bluntly triangular anterolateral teeth of the carapace. Comparison of COI gene sequences supports the subdivision of these two species and shows their clear genetic separation from a related species, the American pygmy rock crab, G. oregonensis (Dana, 1852). Along the mainland coast of the Sea of Japan, G. kashini and G. amphioetus possibly overlap only in Posyet Bay and adjacent areas; the new species is distributed to the north from the bay while G. amphioetus is distributed to the south. Previous and new records of G. amphioetus from the area are discussed.
... Larvae of Chionoecetes spp. were grouped using the guide given by Shanks (2001), and by Kornienko and Korn (2009). After that, the larval stage and species-level identification of C. bairdi was determined using taxonomic descriptions of its larval morphology (Haynes, 1973(Haynes, , 1981Jewett and Haight, 1977). ...
In the Bering Sea, warming and reduction of summer sea-ice cover are driving species ranges towards the Arctic. Tanner crab, Chionoecetes bairdi, is a commercially important species in the SE Bering Sea with a northerly range margin in 62 N. In this paper, using plankton samples collected in the Pacific sub-Arctic/Arctic sector during summer, we report for the first time the presence of larval stages (zoea II) of C. bairdi far from its northern limit of the distribution, in the south of St. Lawrence Island during 1991, and even crossing the Bering Strait into the Chukchi Sea during 1992. We suggest that the long planktonic phase (3-5 months), in combination with the oceanographic circulation, may facilitate eventual long-distance transport.
... Keys for the identification of planktonic crustacean larvae need to be elaborated. We have previously proposed keys for the identification of the zoeae and megalopae of 16 species of the infraorder Brachyura that inhabit Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan [11,15], as well as keys to the zoeae of brachyuran and anomuran crabs that are found in spring plankton in this area [1]. ...
A key for the identification of the zoeae of hermit crabs (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguroidea) in the plankton of Vostok Bay (the Sea of Japan) has been developed based on the external morphology and live coloration of the larvae. The time of hatching and the duration of occurrence of diogenid and pagurid larvae in this area have been determined.
... Field studies investigating the distribution and community composition of crab larvae are often limited by problems with species and stage identification (Jensen et al. 1992;Abelló & Guerao 1999;Lindley & Batten 2008;Pardo et al. 2009). Field-collected larvae are often identified using diagnostic morphological characteristics described from laboratory-reared larvae (Korienko & Korn 2009) and/or putative descriptions from field-collected larvae (Lough 1975). Cancrid crabs are prominent species in intertidal and subtidal habitats in the Northeast Pacific (Knudsen 1964;Smith et al. 1999;Dudas et al. 2005), and their larvae are often the most abundant decapod meroplankton (Fisher 2006;Daly & Konar 2008;Lindley & Batten 2008). ...
Cancrid larvae are among the most abundant decapods in the meroplankton in the Northeast Pacific; however, their study remains problematic because of difficulty discriminating among larvae of sympatric congeners. We addressed this issue by providing morphological characteristics from laboratory-reared Cancer oregonensis zoeae that can be used to distinguish this species from published descriptions of zoeae of other species of Cancer found in the Salish Sea (C. magister, C. productus, C. gracilis, C. antennarius). The angle of lateral exospines projecting from the furca of the telson and the length of the exospines relative to the length of the furcal branches of C. oregonensis are smaller in comparison to all stages of C. magister and C. productus. The setal formula on the inner margin of the telson furca and the number of setae on the exopod of the second maxilliped also vary between certain stages of C. oregonensis, C. magister and C. productus. The carapace length of C. oregonensis becomes noticeably longer than that of C. antennarius and C. gracilis as zoeal stages progress. The ratio of the length of the posterolateral spines projecting from the third and fourth abdominal somite to the length of the subsequent abdominal somite is greater in C. oregonensis than in C. antennarius and C. gracilis, and may be especially useful for identification when size differences are less apparent at early stages. We also observed stage duration and mortality of zoeae reared at ~13°C, which were consistent with previous estimates reported for laboratory-reared cancrid larvae.
... Larval morphology may also prove useful in phylogenetic studies within and among taxonomic groups (RICE 1980, 1983, CLARK & WEBBER 1991, MARQUES & POHLE 1998, 2003, SANTANA et al. 2003, 2004a, b, ANGER 2006, KORNIENKO & KORN 2009) helping us to understand species evolution (BÁEZ 1997). ...
The laboratory-hatched first zoeal stage of twelve brachyuran species collected in the estuarine area of the Caeté River in the Amazonian region are described and illustrated in the present study: P. americanus Saussure, 1857, Eurytium limosum (Say, 1818), Sesarma curacaoense De Man, 1892, S. rectum Randall, 1840, Armases rubripes (Rathbun, 1897), Aratus pisonii (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), Ocypode quadrata (Fabricius, 1787), Uca rapax (Smith, 1870), U. maracoani (Latreille, 1802), U. thayeri Rathbun, 1900, Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763) and Pachygrapsus gracilis (Saussure, 1858). Through intraspecific comparisons of the respective larval stage, an identification key was generated and provided. Most of the studied species presented morphological differences (e.g. type and presence or absence of setae) when compared to the same species previously described in the literature.
... While keys for the identification of brachyuran larvae are available for different regions (e.g. Wear & Fielder 1985;Ingle 1992;Paula 1996;Báez 1997;Pessani et al. 1998;Anosov 2000;Bullard 2003;dos Santos & González-Gordillo 2004;Rice & Tsukimura 2007;Kornienko & Korn 2009), no studies exist for the tropical and subtropical southwestern Atlantic. Pohle et al. (1999) provided the most comprehensive review on the identification of South Atlantic brachyuran larvae, describing 97 species and providing a key to brachyuran families. ...
Approximately 370 brachyuran species have so far been recorded from the Brazilian coast, 123 of which have had their larval stages fully or partially described. The pictorial guide allows the identification of the first zoea of 110 species. The remaining 13 species with known larval stages are treated to the genus level because of difficulties in the morphological differentiation of closely related species.
