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Abb. 12: Dina pseudotrocheta sp. nov. Kokon. a = typisch gestreckte Form, b = ungewöhnlich abgerundet
Source publication
Dina pseudotrocheta sp. nov. will be described from a stream from the Aachen area. This species is characterized by the following complex of features: very large species of the genus, living specimens elongated more than 140 mm; dorsal surface dark with numerous papillae on pale spots, without any paramedian stripes, sometimes with a dark median li...
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Zusammenfassung
Auf der in den späten Zwanzigerjahren des letzten Jahrhunderts entdeckten bandkeramischen Siedlungsstelle Hollenstedt, „Salzberg“, wurde im Rahmen einer geophysikalischen Prospektion ein Erdwerk des 52./51. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. festgestellt. Es besteht aus einem halbkreisförmigen, breiten Graben und einem auf der Innenseite parallel...
Citations
... Others have described new species as members of the junior synonym genus Dina (e.g. Grosser & Eiseler 2008;Grosser & Pesic 2008), continuing to rely on the very morphological characters that Siddall (2002) found to be poor predictors of their phylogenetic relationships. The fact that Siddall's (2002) phylogenetic nomenclatural changes were not incorporated by others might relate to the fact that only parsimony methods were used to investigate the relationships of the group, or perhaps to the taxon sampling having been a limited representation of Erpobdellidae along with even fewer species of Salifidae in the analyses. ...
Oceguera-Figueroa, A., Phillips, A. J., Pacheco-Chaves, B., Reeves, W. K. & Siddall, M. E. (2010). Phylogeny of macrophagous leeches (Hirudinea, Clitellata) based on molecular data and evaluation of the barcoding locus. —Zoologica Scripta, 40, 194–203.
The phylogenetic relationships of macrophagous leech species are studied using two mitochondrial [cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 12S rDNA] and two nuclear (28S rDNA and 18S rDNA) markers. The complete dataset analysed in this study included 49 terminals and 5540 aligned characters. Phylogenetic analyses were performed under two optimality criteria: Maximum Parsimony and Maximum Likelihood. The monophyly of the two currently recognized families (i.e. Erpobdellidae and Salifidae) is confirmed and well supported. The phylogenetic position of Gastrostomobdellidea is studied for the first time and found to be sister to family Salifidae nested well within Erpobdelliformes. Previously recognized taxonomic arrangements were evaluated and discarded through successive constraint analyses. Correlation between morphology and phylogeny was notable in Salifidae but not in Erpobdellidae. Variability of COI, the barcoding locus, was examined across species leading to the recognition of the invasive Barbronia weberi in Mexico, Costa Rica, Germany, South Africa and Taiwan.
... differs from the all aforementioned species, by its internal anatomy. Dina stschegolewi, D. apathyi and D. pseudotrocheta have a genital atrium with long cornua, reaching almost to the previous ganglion, and long, unwinded ovisacs (Lukin 1976, Grosser & Eiseler 2008). Dina punctata punctata, D. p. maroccana, D. p. mauchi and D. minuoculata resemble D. orientalis sp. ...
... F. Müller, 1774). However, from the latter species and its subspecies (dinarica Sket, 1968, montana Sket, 1968 and concolor (Annandale, 1913)), as well as from Dina farsa Grosser & Pešić, 2008 (see: Grosser & Pešić 2008 ...
The new species described here has, for a long time, been confused with Dina stschegolewi (Lukin & Epshtein, 1960), a species described from Krym (the Crimean Peninsula, Ukraine). Both species are similar in having rows of yellow spots on the dorsal surface. As the latter species had been poorly defined in the past, all yellow spotted specimens of the genus Dina Blanchard, from the area of the Near and Middle East, were attributed to Dina stschegolewi (Rückert 1985, Nesemann 1993, Nesemann & Neubert 1999). Prof. V. M. Epshtein (Wuppertal/Germany, oral communication) suspected that the specimens attributed to Dina stschegolewi by Nesemann (1993) and Nesemann & Neubert (1999) differed from the species from Krym. Furthermore, Grosser & Pešić (2006) mentioned that populations of Dina stschegolewi sensu Nesemann, 1993 most probably belong to a new species.
... In Europe, the Erpobdellidae is the predominant leech family with three species-rich nominal genera, Erpobdella Blainville, 1918, Trocheta Dutrochet, 1817, and Dina Blanchard, 1892. The latter genus comprises at least 24 species and subspecies ( Nesemann and Neubert, 1999;Grosser et al., 2007;Grosser and Eiseler, 2008). Systematics and phylogenetics of the family, however, are still discussed controversially. ...
... Hovingh, 2004) and continued to treat Dina and Trocheta as valid (e.g. Pfeiffer et al., 2005;Grosser et al., 2007;Grosser and Eiseler, 2008). ...
Ancient Lake Ohrid on the Balkan Peninsula is considered to be the oldest ancient lake in Europe with a suggested Plio-/Pleistocene age. Its exact geological age, however, remains unknown. Therefore, molecular clock data of Lake Ohrid biota may serve as an independent constraint of available geological data, and may thus help to refine age estimates. Such evolutionary data may also help unravel potential biotic and abiotic factors that promote speciation events. Here, mitochondrial sequencing data of one of the largest groups of endemic taxa in the Ohrid watershed, the leech genus Dina, is used to test whether it represents an ancient lake species flock, to study the role of potential horizontal and vertical barriers in the watershed for evolutionary events, to estimate the onset of diversification in this group based on molecular clock analyses, and to compare this data with data from other endemic species for providing an approximate time frame for the origin of Lake Ohrid. Based on the criteria speciosity, monophyly and endemicity, it can be concluded that Dina spp. from the Ohrid watershed, indeed, represents an ancient lake species flock. Lineage sorting of its species, however, does not seem to be complete and/or hybridization may occur. Analyses of population structures of Dina spp. in the Ohrid watershed indicate a horizontal zonation of haplotypes from spring and lake populations, corroborating the role of lake-side springs, particularly the southern feeder springs, for evolutionary processes in endemic Ohrid taxa. Vertical differentiation of lake taxa, however, appears to be limited, though differences between populations from the littoral and the profundal are apparent. Molecular clock analyses indicate that the most recent common ancestor of extant species of this flock is approximately 1.99 +/- 0.83 million years (Ma) old, whereas the split of the Ohrid Dina flock from a potential sister taxon outside the lake is estimated at 8.30 +/- 3.60 Ma. Comparisons with other groups of endemic Ohrid species indicated that in all cases, diversification within the watershed started textless= 2 Ma ago. Thus, this estimate may provide information on a minimum age for the origin of Lake Ohrid. Maximum ages are less consistent and generally less reliable. But cautiously, a maximum age of 3 Ma is suggested. Interestingly, this time frame of approximately 2-3 Ma ago for the origin of Lake Ohrid, generated based on genetic data, well fits the time frame most often used in the literature by geologists.
... In Europe, the Erpobdellidae is the predominant leech family with three species-rich 15 nominal genera, Erpobdella Blainville, 1918, Trocheta Dutrochet, 1817, and Dina Blanchard , 1892. The latter genus comprises at least 24 species and subspecies (Nesemann and Neubert, 1999; Grosser et al., 2007; Grosser and Eiseler, 2008). Systematics and phylogeny of the family, however, are still discussed controversially. ...
... He also found, based on molecular data, that the genus Dina is not monophyletic. Therefore, he formally synonymised the genera Dina, Mooreobdella, Nephelopsis, and Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | and Siddall, 2004; Oceguera-Figueroa et al., 2005), other workers argued that there are morphological characters that can be used to distinguish at least some of the above genera (e.g., Hovingh, 2004) and continued to treat Dina and Trocheta as valid (e.g., Pfeiffer et al., 2005; Grosser et al., 2007; Grosser and Eiseler, 2008). Whereas we did find European Dina to be paraphyletic in our dataset as previously 5 suggested by Siddall (2002), we also found Dina specimens from Lake Ohrid to form a monophyletic clade with the type species of Dina, D. lineata, as its sister taxon. ...
Ancient Lake Ohrid on the Balkan Peninsula is considered to be the oldest ancient lake in Europe with a suggested Plio-Pleistocene age. Its exact geological age, however, remains unknown. Therefore, molecular clock data of Lake Ohrid biota may serve as an independent constraint of available geological data, and may thus also help to refine age estimates. Such evolutionary data may also help unravel potential biotic and abiotic factors that promote speciation events.
Here, mitochondrial sequencing data of one of the largest groups of endemic taxa in Lake Ohrid, the leech genus Dina , is used to test whether it represents an ancient lake species flock, to study the role of horizontal and vertical barriers in Lake Ohrid for evolutionary events, to estimate the onset of intralacustrine diversification in this group based on molecular clock analyses, and to compare this data with data from other endemic species for providing an approximate time frame for the origin of Lake Ohrid.
Based on the criteria speciosity, monophyly and endemicity, it can be concluded that Lake Ohrid Dina , indeed, represents an ancient lake species flock. Lineage sorting of its species, however, does not seem to be complete. Analyses of population structures of Dina spp. in the Ohrid watershed indicate a horizontal zonation of haplotypes from spring and lake populations, corroborating the role of lake-side springs, particularly the southern feeder springs, for evolutionary processes in endemic Ohrid taxa. Vertical differentiation of lake taxa, however, appears to be limited, though differences between populations from the littoral and the profundal are apparent. Molecular clock analyses indicate that the most recent common ancestor of extant species of this flock is approximately 1.99±0.83 Ma old, whereas the split of the Lake Ohrid Dina flock from a potential sister taxon outside the lake is estimated at 8.30±3.60 Ma. Comparisons with other groups of endemic Ohrid species indicated that in all cases, intralacustrine diversification started ≤2 Ma ago. Thus, this estimate may provide information on a minimum age for the origin of Lake Ohrid. Maximum ages are less consistent and generally less reliable. But cautiously, a maximum age of 3 Ma is suggested. Interestingly, this time frame of approximately 2–3 Ma for the origin of Lake Ohrid, generated based solely on evolutionary data, well fits the time frame most often used in the literature by geologists. Future studies must show whether this concurrence holds true.
The concept of the genera within the family Erpobdellidae seems to be extremely artificial. Recent phylogenetic studies (Trontelj & Sket 2000, Siddall 2002) based on morphology and DNA sequence data showed that a revision of the family was necessary because the morphological characters used to distinguish known erpobdellid genera are not informative. The pattern of annulations, traditionally used for distinguishing Dina Blanchard, 1892 and Trocheta Dutrochet, 1817 has been proven to be inappropriate for identification of some species (e.g. Dina krasensis (Sket, 1968) and D. pseudotrocheta Grosser & Eiseler, 2008; see Trontelj & Sket (2000) and Grosser et al . (2011b), respectively). Siddall (2002) synonymized all the erpobdellid genera with Erpobdella de Blainville in Lamarck, 1818. However we decided to retain the traditional generic subdivisions of Erpobdellidae in accordance with the reasons listed by Trontelj & Sket (2000), which were also followed by the recent taxonomic studies (e.g. Ben Ahmed et al . (2011). Further systematic studies should be conducted for revising classification of the erpobdellid genera.
