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AVIRIS measured spectra of ice clouds (cirrus, Ci), water clouds (stratocumulus, Sc), and clear ocean (clear). The Ci and
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GOME is presently the only space-borne spectrometer observing the entire spectral range from 240 to 790 nm with high spectral resolution. Its data are an important source of information to prepare for the analysis of data from the new satellite spectrometers SCIAMACHY, OMI, and GOME-2. We present some examples of the use of GOME data for checking r...
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... test this principle, real data are needed. Presently, there are no satellite spectrometer data of the 1.6 micron band. However, we could use data from the NASA/JPL spectrometer AVIRIS, which is on board the high-flying ER-2 aircraft. Indeed, the measured spectra of water clouds (Sc) and ice clouds (Ci) reveal the expected differences, as shown in Fig. ...
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... In the simulation, the estimated bottom cloud reflectance value, the cloud height, and a standard model atmosphere for ozone and water vapor amounts above the cloud were used. The shape of the simulated spectrum was qualitatively very similar to those measured with the European GOME (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment) [14] satellite instrument. At wavelengths longer than 0.45 μm, the HICO measurement and the simulated reflectance spectrum were in excellent agreement, but below this wavelength, the HICO spectrum was increasingly biased low. ...
The Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO) presently onboard the International Space Station (ISS) is an imaging spectrometer designed for remote sensing of coastal waters. The instrument is not equipped with any onboard spectral and radiometric calibration devices. Here we describe vicarious calibration techniques that have been used in converting the HICO raw digital numbers to calibrated radiances. The spectral calibration is based on matching atmospheric water vapor and oxygen absorption bands and extraterrestrial solar lines. The radiometric calibration is based on comparisons between HICO and the EOS/MODIS data measured over homogeneous desert areas and on spectral reflectance properties of coral reefs and water clouds. Improvements to the present vicarious calibration techniques are possible as we gain more in-depth understanding of the HICO laboratory calibration data and the ISS HICO data in the future.
