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ATMEGA 328P Microcontroller & Arduino Uno Pin Mapping

ATMEGA 328P Microcontroller & Arduino Uno Pin Mapping

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This paper is about a smart grid resilience three-phase power selector, voltage regulator, and overload protection system based on a GSM technology present three-phase power supply, solar mains and generator sources to supply electrical energy to the load centers. It incorporates three steps down transformers that step down the input voltage from 2...

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Voltage profile is one of many aspects that affect power quality in low-voltage distribution feeders. Weak grids have a typically high line impedance which results in remarkable voltage drops. Distribution grids generally have a high R/X ratio, which makes voltage regulation with reactive power compensation less effective than in high-voltage grids...

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... Modern industry provides a wide selection of such modules: -Siemens MC35i Terminal (GSM900/1800+GPRS standard); -3G UMTS/HSPA + Wi-Fi router UR5i v2 Libratum; -GSM/GPRS modem OVEN PM01; -GSM modem iRZ MC52iT; -SQUID-1Н and SQUID-2Н. Special attention should be paid to GSM routers SQUID-1H and SQUID-2H, which provide constant online communication between remote objects and the control center, and allow not only to receive information from objects, but also to manage them [13,14]. The main characteristics of SQUID GSM routers: ...
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The Smart Grid network system is a concept of a fully integrated, self-regulating and renewable electric power system, which has a network topology and includes all generating sources, trunk and distribution networks and all types of electric energy consumers, managed by a single network of information and control devices and systems in real time mode. The article proposes the introduction of the Smart Grid concept into the traction power supply system of railways. The functional properties and technical solutions that will allow implementing the principles of Smart Grid intelligent power supply systems are considered. A comparative description of the functional properties of the existing energy system and the energy system based on the Smart Grid concept is presented. Possibilities of introducing Smart Grid into the traction power supply system of direct current due to increasing the carrying capacity of trunk networks, consumption management, location of distributed energy sources in distribution networks and closer to consumers have been determined. The limits of the energy-saving effect from the introduction of the Smart Grid concept into the traction power supply system have been determined.
... [6] This paper is an analysis that provides information for the support of decision making when developing new policies for the smart grid. [7] Proposed a smart grid control three phase power selector and an overload system based on a GSM technology. This proposal ensures that is uninterrupted power supply, the voltage is stable and there is a scheme for overload protection. ...
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The smart grid complements the deficit in traditional electrical energy such as the pollution issues that come with certain energy resources such as fossil fuels and nuclear energy. Many literature discusses various technologies but very few talk about the implementation of the smart grid and its considerations to be implemented, the assessment of the power system with the communication network put into play, how to optimize technological schemes with economic and political constraints put into consideration and many other considerations. Governments across the globe and related organizations such as utility companies are eager to assess the cost and advantages of new technological mechanisms scientifically as opposed to decision making with no scientific base. Decision Support System is a system of information that is interfaced with computers to support the making of decisions in operations, management, and planning for assessing the technologies. A lot of advanced technologies, creative architectures, and paperback algorithms have been deployed into the existing electrical power systems for improved energy efficiency and accomplish resource allocation optimization and ultimately make the grid "smart". Two-way communication systems' deployment is one of the distinctive mark of the smart grid. The smart can gather and transfer monitored data from the power system elements to operators of the system using the smart grid monitoring system and form a two-way communication system via the grid power plant and the end user of electricity. The smart grid implementation is a gradual process to substitute the conventional power systems' elements built on the basis of existing systems and building brand new systems which would be very costly. Smart grid planning involves not only the consideration of these creative technologies but also respecting the interest of all the stakeholders involved. Decision making requires to be executed to analyze each smart grid component and its cost before investment and consequently deploying into the real grid.
... [6] This paper is an analysis that provides information for the support of decision making when developing new policies for the smart grid. [7] Proposed a smart grid control three phase power selector and an overload system based on a GSM technology. This proposal ensures that is uninterrupted power supply, the voltage is stable and there is a scheme for overload protection. ...
Article
Full-text available
The smart grid complements the deficit in traditional electrical energy such as the pollution issues that come with certain energy resources such as fossil fuels and nuclear energy. Many literature discusses various technologies but very few talk about the implementation of the smart grid and its considerations to be implemented, the assessment of the power system with the communication network put into play, how to optimize technological schemes with economic and political constraints put into consideration and many other considerations. Governments across the globe and related organizations such as utility companies are eager to assess the cost and advantages of new technological mechanisms scientifically as opposed to decision making with no scientific base. Decision Support System is a system of information that is interfaced with computers to support the making of decisions in operations, management, and planning for assessing the technologies. A lot of advanced technologies, creative architectures, and paperback algorithms have been deployed into the existing electrical power systems for improved energy efficiency and accomplish resource allocation optimization and ultimately make the grid "smart". Two-way communication systems' deployment is one of the distinctive mark of the smart grid. The smart can gather and transfer monitored data from the power system elements to operators of the system using the smart grid monitoring system and form a two-way communication system via the grid power plant and the end user of electricity. The smart grid implementation is a gradual process to substitute the conventional power systems' elements built on the basis of existing systems and building brand new systems which would be very costly. Smart grid planning involves not only the consideration of these creative technologies but also respecting the interest of all the stakeholders involved. Decision making requires to be executed to analyze each smart grid component and its cost before investment and consequently deploying into the real grid.