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The trade of agricultural products plays an essential role in agricultural development. Agricultural trade is more complicated and diversified than other industrial products, influenced by product characteristics for perishable. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is one of the most important markets for China’s agricultural exports....
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... The adherence of China and the countries along the route to the principle of five links, which includes political communication, linkage of facilities, smooth trade, financial integration, and people-to-people contacts, has contributed to the improvement of trade facilitation and the quality of agricultural exports in the region. Fan et al. have provided evidence supporting this claim by demonstrating the positive impact of trade facilitation on agricultural exports using China and ASEAN countries as examples [45]. ...
The Belt and Road Initiative was proposed by China in 2013 as a response to sluggish global economic growth. With most countries along the Belt and Road being developing countries, it is crucial to strengthen trade cooperation in agricultural products. However, the current literature lacks an analysis of the competitiveness and complementarity of agricultural products in these countries. This study aims to fill this gap by showing that the Belt and Road Initiative has reduced agricultural export competitiveness and increased agricultural trade complementarity. Several factors influence the similarity and complementarity of agricultural exports in participating countries along the Belt and Road, including geographical distance, level of economic development, free trade agreements, degree of country openness, exchange rates, cultural differences, share of agricultural value added, and level of infrastructure. The detailed analysis shows that the Belt and Road Initiative has significantly improved the quality of the agricultural exports of participating countries. The results of this paper provide a theoretical basis for the high-quality development of agricultural products in participating countries along the Belt and Road.
... 16 International scholars have a wide variety of perspectives on the development of agricultural trade in China and the ASEAN, all of which are relatively new. For example, Bouet Antoine et al 17 24 In fact, extant studies have ignored that China's agricultural trade with ASEAN is a continuously developing systemic project with a deepening trade structure. This calls for the analysis of China's agricultural trade with ASEAN across different contexts to identify and deal with the opportunities and challenges faced by China, a prerequisite for which is to understand the strengths and weaknesses of such trade. ...
... Factor score i = 50 Factor average Factor i (6) In which the data of member i are calculated in relation to the average of the world and then multiplied by 50. The total score is averaged for country i based on scores of six factors. ...
... Recently, Vietnam participated in many new generation free trade areas to help reduce both tax and non-tariff barriers. This finding is supported by Riley and Miller [26], Yatsenko et al. [27], Pham et al. [4], Tran et al. [5], and Fan et al. [6] Similarly, the technological readiness of Vietnam positively affects its agriculture exports to the APEC. Almost all enterprises taking part in agricultural commodities have incorporated more modern technologies, increasing the quality of production and processing. ...
This study examines determinants of Vietnamese agricultural exports to the APEC and whether there was an export gap between Vietnam and each APEC trading partner in the period 1998–2018, using the stochastic frontier gravity model. The empirical results affirm the consistency of the gravity model for Vietnamese agricultural exports. The new findings imply that the government should concentrate on designing a policy framework to encourage export enterprises to invest more in the technology factor, especially for large and high-demand markets such as the USA, Japan, and Korea. In practice, export enterprises should focus on several key action points. First, find partners to expand the distribution network of agricultural products within the four largest markets. Second, pay attention to updating information on the technical requirements of China, the largest import market. Third, conduct research to build up competitively strategic products that can be exported to potential new markets, such as Russia, Australia, and Malaysia.
Infrastructure and geography are the most important components of international trade. They provide trade-oriented amenities for the trade volume among trading partners. Thus, this study assesses the simultaneous impact of infrastructure and geographic factors on trade in Asian economies from 2004 to 2020. This work contributes to the existing literature by exploring the significance of infrastructure and geography in international trade. Furthermore, this research seeks to determine whether these factors have complementary or simultaneous effects. To examine these aspects, the augmented gravity model and cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lags are used in the current model. Then, the multilateral resistance terms are corrected. Results reveal that infrastructure has a significant and positive impact on trade. More precisely, transport infrastructure, communication infrastructure, financial infrastructure, and border-transport efficiency are productive influencers for trade over a certain period. Notably, the simultaneous impacts of infrastructure and geographic factors can lead to the deterioration of trade volume. The policy implications and future research direction of this study suggest that economies should improve infrastructure and geographic factors through gross domestic product.
Objective:
The objective of this study was to identify factors influencing the development of China-ASEAN trade- from the total economic volume of both sides, distance, the population size of ASEAN countries, the construction of a free trade area, and the signing of the Belt and Road initiative, resource endowment per capita, the exchange rate between RMB and ASEAN countries, and the land area of ASEAN countries-to develop a conceptual framework for China-ASEAN trade potential.
Study design:
This study uses panel data from 2001 to 2021 that is evenly distributed among 10 ASEAN countries to serve as the dataset. Firstly, the unit roots are checked and the cointegration relationships are examined, focusing on the heterogeneity test. Based on the classical trade gravity model, the innovative trade gravity model with key influencing factors is constructed. On the basis of the classical trade gravity model, an innovative trade gravity model of key influencing factors is constructed. The trade potential model is used to calculate the direct trade potential coefficient between China and ASEAN countries, which points out the direction for the sustainability of bilateral trade.
Results:
This study finds that among the factors affecting China-ASEAN bilateral trade, the total economic output of both sides, distance, population size of ASEAN countries, the construction of the FTA, and the signing of the Belt and Road Initiative all have a positive impact on bilateral trade. Three influencing factors, namely per capita resource endowment, exchange rate between RMB and ASEAN countries, and the size of ASEAN countries, have a negative impact on bilateral trade, but to a lesser extent. The trade potential between China and Vietnam falls into the category of potential re-modelling, indicating that both sides are currently utilizing their trade potential to the greatest extent possible, that trade growth space is limited, and that new trade opportunities must be discovered. The trade potential index between China and nine ASEAN countries, excluding Vietnam, is in the potential-exploiting category, indicating that the potential has not been fully utilized by both sides and that there is still room for growth in the scale of trade between the two countries.
Conclusion:
With the shift of the world's economic center of gravity in the direction of Asia following COVID-19, China and ASEAN countries should seize the opportunity to strengthen their comprehensive strength and economic aggregates and further develop China's constructive role in the regional organization. The signing of the Belt and Road Initiative and the construction of a free trade zone has had a positive effect on the development of bilateral trade. Propose that: positive trade factors should continue to be strengthened, trade barriers should be removed, and new dynamics of bilateral trade growth should be enhanced.
This research was performed to assess the current state of Vietnam's agricultural exports to APEC economies. The findings reveal that the APEC market is a substantial market for Vietnam's agricultural exports, providing substantial export value and contributing to the stability of Vietnam's export revenue. Additionally, the study analyzed the export status of some crucial agricultural products from Vietnam to key APEC markets including the US, Japan, South Korea, China, and Australia. Based on this analysis, the study has put forward several recommendations to boost Vietnam's agricultural exports to APEC markets, which are among the most significant markets for Vietnam's agricultural products.
